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List of Polish monarchs

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Template:Short description Template:About Template:Infobox former monarchy

Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16th to 18th centuries).

The first Polish ruler whose existence is not debatable was Duke Mieszko I, who adopted Christianity under the authority of Rome in the year 966. He was succeeded by his son, Bolesław I the Brave, who greatly expanded the boundaries of the Polish state and ruled as the first king in 1025. The following centuries gave rise to the mighty Piast dynasty, consisting of both kings such as Mieszko II Lambert, Przemysł II or Władysław I the Elbow-high and dukes like Bolesław III Wrymouth. The dynasty's rule over Poland ceased with the death of Casimir III the Great in 1370. In the same year, the Capetian House of Anjou became the ruling house with Louis I as king of both Poland and Hungary. His daughter, Jadwiga, later married Jogaila, the pagan Grand Duke of Lithuania, who in 1386 was baptized and crowned as Władysław II Jagiełło, thus creating the Jagiellonian dynasty and a personal union between Poland and Lithuania.

During the reign of Casimir IV Jagiellon and Sigismund I the Old, culture flourished and cities developed. This era of progress, also known as the Polish Renaissance, continued until the Union of Lublin under Sigismund II Augustus, which unofficially marked the end of the Polish Golden Age. After the death of the last Jagiellonian king, the united Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth became an elective monarchy with mostly foreigners elected as monarchs such as Henry III of France, who witnessed the introduction of the Golden Liberty system and Stephen Báthory, a capable military commander who strengthened the nation. The meaningful rule of the Vasa dynasty initially expanded the Commonwealth as the arts and crafts developed, as well as trade and commerce. King Sigismund III Vasa, a talented but somewhat despotic ruler, involved the country in many wars, which subsequently resulted in the successful capture of Moscow and the loss of Livonia to Sweden. His son, Władysław IV Vasa, fiercely defended the Commonwealth's borders and continued the policy of his father until his death, unlike John II Casimir whose tragic rule resulted in his abdication.

The election of John III Sobieski to the Polish throne proved to be beneficial for the Commonwealth. A brilliant military tactician, John III led the coalition forces to victory at Vienna in 1683 and he partially recaptured land from the Ottoman Empire. However, the years that followed were not as successful.<ref name="Malden2014">Template:Cite book</ref> The long and ineffective rule of the Wettin dynasty (Augustus II the Strong and Augustus III) placed the Commonwealth under the influence of Saxony and the Russian Empire. Additional feuds with rebel nobility (szlachta) and most notably Stanislaus I Leszczyński and France diminished the influence of Poland–Lithuania in the region, which led to the partitions that occurred under King Stanislaus II Augustus, yet another enlightened, but ineffective monarch. The last true sovereign of Poland was Frederick Augustus I as Duke of Warsaw, who throughout his political career attempted to rehabilitate the Polish state.

Following the Napoleonic Wars, many sovereigns claimed the title of Polish king, duke or ruler, notably German (the King of Prussia was also the sovereign of the Grand Duchy of Posen 1815-1918), Russian (the Congress Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1815 with the widely unrecognized title of King of Poland to the Emperor of Russia until 1915) and Austrian emperors (the Emperor of Austria was sovereign of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria between 1772 and 1918, and the Grand Duchy of Kraków between 1846 and 1918). The new Kingdom of Poland was proclaimed as an independent state in 1916 with a Regency Council but the monarchy was abolished and a parliamentary republican authority was established when Poland was re-constituted as a sovereign state in 1918.

LegendaryEdit

Template:Further Most of the legendary Polish rulers appear for the first time in chronicles from the 13th century and their existence has not been determined.

Template:Sticky header Template:Nobility table header |- |[[Lech, Czech, and Rus|Template:Nowrap]] | Imaginary depiction of Lech in Chronica Polonorum | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |Legendary founder of the Polish nation according to folktales, tribal leader | Lechites (Tribe)

|- |[[Krakus|Template:Nowrap]]
also Krak or Grakch
Template:C. | Imaginary depiction of Krakus in Chronica Polonorum | Template:C. | Unknown | Template:C. | Legendary founder of Kraków | Lechites (Tribe)

|- |Template:Nowrap
Template:C. | File:Monarch-emp.png |Template:C.
Son of Krakus I | Unknown | Template:C. | Succession | Lechites (Tribe)

|- |Template:Nowrap

Template:C. | Imaginary depiction of Lech II in Chronica Polonorum | Template:C.
Son of Krakus I, brother of Krakus II | Unknown | Template:C. | Succession | Lechites (Tribe)

|- |[[Princess Wanda|Template:Nowrap]]
also Wąda
Template:C. | Imaginary depiction of Wanda in Chronica Polonorum | Template:C.
Daughter of Krakus, sister of Krakus II and Lech II | Unknown | Template:C. | Succession | Lechites (Tribe)

|- | Duke
Template:Nowrap
also Leszek
Template:C.
Template:Ndash
Template:C. | Imaginary depiction of Leszko I in Sarmatiae Europeae descriptio by Alexander Guagnini | Template:C.
Template:Ndash
Template:C. | Unknown | Template:C.<ref>dated around 700 by Marcin Bielski</ref>
Template:Ndash
Template:C.

| Birth name Przemysław, defeated the Hungarians and was crowned

Elected

| Goplans and Polans (Tribes)

|- | Duke
Template:Nowrap
Template:C. | Imaginary depiction of Leszko II in Sarmatiae Europeae descriptio by Alexander Guagnini | Template:C.
Presumed son of Leszko I, Alleged progenitor of the Popielids dynasty | Unknown | Template:C. | Succession | Popielids

|- | Duke
Template:Nowrap
Template:C. | Imaginary depiction of Leszko III in Sarmatiae Europeae descriptio by Alexander Guagnini | Template:C.
Presumed son of Leszko II | Unknown | Template:C. | Succession | Popielids

|- | Duke
Template:Nowrap
Template:C. | Imaginary depiction of Popiel I in Chronica Polonorum | Template:C.
Presumed son of Leszko III | Unknown | Template:C. | Succession | Popielids

|- | Duke
[[Popiel|Template:Nowrap]]
Template:C. | Imaginary depiction of Popiel II in Sarmatiae Europeae descriptio by Alexander Guagnini | Template:C.
Presumed son of Popiel I | Template:Grey NN, A German Princess | Template:C.

| A legendary ruler dethroned by Piast. He appears (without the number) in the oldest Polish chronicle, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} from the early 12th century

Succession

| Popielids

|- | Template:Nowrap
Template:C. | Imaginary depiction of Piast the Wheelwright by Walery Eljasz Radzikowski | Template:C.
Son of Chościsko | Template:Grey Rzepicha | Template:C. | Legendary founder of the Piast dynasty. He appears in the oldest Polish chronicle, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} from the early 12th century | Piast |}

Debatable rulersEdit

Template:Further The three direct predecessors of Mieszko I are known only from the account of Gallus Anonymus, who wrote the oldest Polish chronicle, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} at the beginning of the 12th century. Though their historicity was once debatable, now historians tend to consider them actually existing rulers.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Template:Nobility table header

|- | Duke
[[Siemowit|Template:Nowrap]]
also Ziemowit

9th century | Imaginary depiction of Siemowit by Walery Eljasz-Radzikowski | 9th century
Presumed son of Piast the Wheelwright
and Rzepicha | Unknown | 9th century

| Named the Duke of the Polans after his father, Piast the Wheelwright, refused to take the place of legendary Duke Popiel

Elected

| Piast | <ref name="Roszko1980">Template:Cite book</ref>

|- | Duke
[[Lestek|Template:Nowrap]]
also Leszek or Lestko
9th century
Template:Ndash
10th century | Imaginary depiction of Lestek by Walery Eljasz-Radzikowski | Template:C.Template:Ndash880
Presumed son of Siemowit | Unknown | Template:C.Template:Ndash950

| Named the Duke of the Polans after succeeding his father

Succession

| Piast | <ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

|- | Duke
[[Siemomysł|Template:Nowrap]]
also Ziemomysł
Latin: Zemomislaus
10th century
Template:Ndash
Template:C./960 | Imaginary depiction of Siemomysł by Walery Eljasz-Radzikowski | Template:C.
Presumed son of Lestek | Unknown | Template:C.Template:Ndash960

| Named the Duke of the Polans after succeeding his father

Succession

| Piast | <ref>Template:Cite book</ref> |}

House of PiastEdit

Template:See also

Template:Sticky header Template:Nobility table header

|- | Duke
Mieszko I
Latin: Misico, dux Wandalorum
960
Template:Ndash
25 May 992
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Mieszko I (274939) (cropped).jpg

| Template:C.

Son of semi-legendary Siemomysł | Template:Grey Doubravka of Bohemia
Template:C.
2 children

Template:Grey Oda of Haldensleben
Template:C.
3 children

| 25 May 992
Poznań
Aged about 62

| First Christian ruler of Poland

Succession

| Piast

|-

| King
Bolesław I the Brave
also Boleslaus I the Great
Template:Langx
992Template:Ndash1025 (as duke)

18 April 1025Template:Ndash17 June 1025 (as king)
(Template:Age in years years)

| File:Bolek.jpg

| Template:C.
Poznań

Son of Mieszko I and Doubravka of Bohemia | Template:Grey Hunilda, daughter of Rikdag

Template:Grey Judith of Hungary

Template:Grey Emnilda of Lusatia

Template:Grey Oda of Meissen

| 17 June 1025
Kraków
Aged about 58

| First crowned king

Succession

| Piast

|- | King
Mieszko II Lambert
25 December 1025Template:Ndash1031
(Template:Age in years years) | Mieszko II Lambert receiving a liturgical book from Matilda of Swabia

| Template:C.

Son of Bolesław I the Brave and Emnilda of Lusatia

| Template:Grey Richeza of Lotharingia, 4 children | 10/11 May 1034
Poznań
Aged about 44

| Crowned king

Succession

Deposed as a result of the Pagan Rebellion

| Piast

|- | Duke
Bezprym
1031Template:Ndash1032 (Template:Age in years years) | File:Bezprym.jpeg

| Template:C.

Son of Bolesław I the Brave and Judith of Hungary

| Unknown | Template:C.
Aged about 46

| Country divided, ruler of a Duchy

Usurped

| Piast

|- | Duke
Otto
1032Template:Ndash1033 (Template:Age in years years) | File:Monarch-emp.png

| Template:C.

Son of Bolesław I the Brave and Emnilda of Lusatia

| Unknown | Template:C.
Aged about 33

| Country divided, ruler of a Duchy

Usurped

| Piast

|- | Duke
Dytryk
also Dietrich and Theoderick
1032Template:Ndash1033 (Template:Age in years years) | File:Monarch-emp.png

| Template:C.

Son of Lambert Mieszkowic or Mieszko Mieszkowic

| Unknown | Template:C.
Aged about 41

| Country divided, ruler of a Duchy

Usurped

| Piast

|- | Duke
Mieszko II Lambert
1032Template:Ndash1034
(Template:Age in years years) | Mieszko II Lambert

| Template:C.

Son of Bolesław I the Brave and Emnilda of Lusatia

| Template:Grey Richeza of Lotharingia, 4 children | 10/11 May 1034
Poznań
Aged about 44 | Restored as duke | Piast

|- | Duke
Bolesław the Forgotten
Template:Langx
1034Template:Ndash1038/1039
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Monarch-emp.png

| before 1016

Presumed son of Mieszko II Lambert

| Unknown | 1038/1039 | Semi-legendary, existence disputed | Piast

|- | Duke
Casimir I the Restorer
Template:Langx
1034/1040Template:Ndash1058
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Casimir I the Restorer.jpg

| 25 July 1016

Son of Mieszko II Lambert and Richeza of Lotharingia

| Template:Grey Maria Dobroniega, 5 children | 19 March 1058
Poznań
Aged 41

| Made prince in 1034, returned from abroad in 1040

Restoration

| Piast

|- | King
Bolesław II the Generous
Template:Langx
1058Template:Ndash1076 (as duke)
26 December 1076Template:Ndash1079 (as king)
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Boleslaus II of Poland (89920250).jpg

| 1042

Son of Casimir I the Restorer and Maria Dobroniega

| Template:Grey Wyszesława, 1 son | 2/3 April 1081
Hungary or Ossiach
Aged about 39

| Crowned king in 1076

Deposed and exiled in 1079 after slaying Saint Stanislaus

| Piast

|- | Duke
Władysław I Herman
1079Template:Ndash4 June 1102
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Władysław I Herman by Aleksander Lesser.PNG

| 1044

Son of Casimir I the Restorer and Maria Dobroniega | Template:Grey Przecława

Template:Grey Judith of Bohemia

Template:Grey Judith of Swabia

| 24 June 1102
Płock
Aged about 58 | Succeeded brother after his exile | Piast

|- | Duke
Zbigniew
1102Template:Ndash1107
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Zbigniew (112832610).jpg

| Template:C.

Son of Władysław I Herman and Przecława (?)

| Unknown | 8 July 1113
Aged about 40 | Succession | Piast

|- | Duke
Bolesław III Wrymouth
also Boleslaus III
Template:Langx
1107Template:Ndash1138
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Boleslaw Krzywousty (275002).jpg

| 20 August 1086
Płock

Son of Władysław I Herman and Judith of Bohemia | Template:Grey Zbyslava of Kiev

Template:Grey Salomea of Berg

| 28 October 1138
Sochaczew
Aged 52

| Succession

His death led to the fragmentation of Poland

| Piast |}

Fragmentation of Poland (1138–1320)Edit

Template:See also

Template:Nobility table header |- | High Duke
Władysław II the Exile
Template:Langx
1138Template:Ndash1146
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Władysław II Wygnaniec by Aleksander Lesser.PNG

| 1105
Kraków

Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth and Zbyslava of Kiev

| Template:Grey Agnes of Babenberg, 5 children | 30 May 1159
Altenburg
Aged 54

| Succession

Deposed and exiled

| Piast

|- | High Duke
Bolesław IV the Curly
Template:Langx
1146Template:Ndash1173
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Boleslaus IV of Poland (89920492).jpg

| Template:C.

Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth and Salomea of Berg

| Template:Grey Viacheslava of Novgorod, 3 children | 5 January 1173
Aged about 51 | Succeeded exiled half-brother | Piast

|- | High Duke
Mieszko III
Template:Langx
1173Template:Ndash1177
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Mieszko III Stary (76852586) (cropped).jpg

| Template:C.

Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth and Salomea of Berg | Template:Grey Elisabeth of Hungary

Template:Grey Eudoxia of Kiev

| 13 March 1202
Kalisz
Aged about 75

| Succession

Deposed by brother in 1177

| Piast

|- | High Duke
Casimir II the Just
Template:Langx
1177Template:Ndash1190
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Casimir II of Poland (89920659).jpg

| Template:C.

Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth and Salomea of Berg

| Template:Grey Helen of Znojmo, 7 children | 5 May 1194
Kraków
Aged about 56 | Usurped power from brother | Piast

|- | Mieszko III
1190Template:Ndash1190 | File:Mieszko III Stary (76852586) (cropped).jpg | – | – | – | Usurped | Piast

|- | Casimir II the Just
1190Template:Ndash1194 | File:Casimir II of Poland (89920659).jpg | – | – | – | Usurped | Piast

|- | High Duke
Leszek I the White
Template:Langx
1194Template:Ndash1198
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Leszek Bialy (76844388) (cropped).jpg

| Template:C./1185

Son of Casimir II the Just and Helen of Znojmo

| Template:Grey Grzymisława of Luck, 2 children | 24 November 1227
Marcinkowo Górne
Aged about 43 | Succession | Piast

|- | Mieszko III
1198Template:Ndash1199 | File:Mieszko III Stary (76852586) (cropped).jpg | – | – | – | Usurped | Piast

|- | Leszek I the White
1199Template:Ndash1199 | File:Leszek Bialy (76844388) (cropped).jpg | – | – | – | Restored | Piast

|- | Mieszko III
1199Template:Ndash1202 | File:Mieszko III Stary (76852586) (cropped).jpg | – | – | – | Usurped | Piast

|- | High Duke
Władysław III Spindleshanks
Template:Langx
1202Template:Ndash1206
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Wladyslaw III Laskonogi (76853776) (cropped).jpg

| Template:C.

Son of Mieszko III and Eudoxia of Kiev

| Template:Grey Lucia of Rügen, 2 children | 3 November 1231
Aged about 64 | Usurped | Piast

|- | Leszek I the White
1206Template:Ndash1210 | File:Leszek Bialy (76844388) (cropped).jpg | – | – | – | Restored | Piast

|- | High Duke
Mieszko IV Tanglefoot
Template:Langx
1210Template:Ndash1211
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Mieszko IV.JPG

| Template:C.

Son of Władysław II the Exile and Agnes of Babenberg

| Template:Grey Ludmila, 5 children | 16 May 1211
Aged about 81 | Usurped | Piast

|- | Leszek I the White
1211Template:Ndash1227
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Leszek Bialy (76844388) (cropped).jpg | – | – | –

| Restored

Murdered in 1227

| Piast

|- | Władysław III Spindleshanks
1227Template:Ndash1229 | File:Wladyslaw III Laskonogi (76853776) (cropped).jpg | – | – | – | Usurped | Piast

|- | High Duke
Konrad I of Masovia
1229Template:Ndash1232
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Konrad I mazowiecki (275073).jpg

| Template:C./1188

Son of Casimir II the Just and Helen of Znojmo

| Template:Grey Agafia of Rus, 10 children | 31 August 1247
Aged about 60 | Usurped | Piast

|- | High Duke
Henry I the Bearded
Template:Langx
1232Template:Ndash1238
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Henryk I Brodaty (76847868) (cropped).jpg

| Template:C./1188
Głogów

Son of Bolesław I the Tall and Christina (?)

| Template:Grey Hedwig of Andechs, 7 children | 19 March 1238
Krosno Odrzańskie
Aged about 73 | Usurped | Piast

|- | High Duke
Henry II the Pious
Template:Langx
1238Template:Ndash1241
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Henryk II Pobożny (Hedwig Codex).jpg

| Template:C.
Głogów

Son of Henry the Bearded and Hedwig of Andechs

| Template:Grey Anne of Bohemia, 10 children | 9 April 1241
Legnickie Pole
Aged about 45

| Succession

Killed at the Battle of Legnica

| Piast

|- | High Duke
Bolesław II the Horned
Template:Langx
1241Template:Ndash1241 | File:Monarch-emp.png

| Template:C./1225
Głogów

Son of Henry II the Pious and Anne of Bohemia

| Template:Grey Hedwig of Anhalt, 7 children
Template:Grey Euphemia of Pomerania
Template:Grey Sophia of Dyhrn | 26 December 1278
Legnica

| Succession

Deposed

| Piast

|- | High Duke
Konrad I of Masovia
1241Template:Ndash1243
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Konrad I mazowiecki (275073).jpg

| Template:C./1188

Son of Casimir II the Just and Helen of Znojmo

| Template:Grey Agafia of Rus, 10 children | 31 August 1247
Aged about 60 | Usurped | Piast

|- | High Duke
Bolesław V the Chaste
Template:Langx
1243Template:Ndash1279
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Boleslaw V Wstydliwy (76848244).jpg

| 21 June 1226
Stary Korczyn

Son of Leszek I the White and Grzymisława of Luck

| Template:Grey Kinga of Poland, no children | 7 December 1279
Kraków
Aged 52 | Restored as rightful Duke | Piast

|- | High Duke
Leszek II the Black
Template:Langx
1279Template:Ndash1288
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Leszek Czarny by Aleksander Lesser.PNG

| Template:C.
Brześć Kujawski

Son of Casimir I of Kuyavia and Constance of Wrocław

| Template:Grey Gryfina of Halych | 30 September 1288
Kraków
Aged about 47 | Succession | Piast

|- | High Duke
Henryk IV Probus
English: Henry the Righteous
Template:Langx
1288Template:Ndash1290
(Template:Age in years years) | File:Henry IV of Silesia (89921214).jpg

| Template:C./1258

Son of Henry III the White and Judith of Masovia | Template:Grey Constance of Opole

Template:Grey Matilda of Brandenburg

| 23 June 1290
Wrocław
Aged about 32 | Succession | Piast |}

Attempt at restoration (1295–1296)Edit

Template:Nobility table header |-

| King
Przemysł II
English: Premislaus II
1290Template:Ndash1291 (as duke)

1295Template:Ndash1296 (as king)
(1 year)

| File:Przemysl II (76843358) (cropped).jpg | File:POL Przemysł II ca. 1350 COA.svg

| 14 October 1257
Poznań

Son of Przemysł I of Greater Poland and Elisabeth of Wrocław | Template:Grey Ludgarda of Mecklenburg

Template:Grey Richeza of Sweden

Template:Grey Margaret of Brandenburg

| 8 February 1296
Rogoźno
Aged 38

| Crowned king in 1295

Granted Poland its coat of arms

Assassinated

| Piast |}

Přemyslid HouseEdit

Template:Nobility table header

|-

| King
Wenceslaus II of Bohemia
Template:Langx
1296Template:Ndash1300 (as High Duke)

1300Template:Ndash1305 (as King)
(Template:Age in years years)

| File:Vaclav2 trun.jpg | File:Insigne Cechicum.svg

| 27 September 1271
Prague

Son of Ottokar II of Bohemia and Kunigunda of Slavonia | Template:Grey Judith of Habsburg

Template:Grey Elisabeth Richeza of Poland

| 21 June 1305
Prague
Aged 33 | Crowned himself King of Poland in 1300 | Přemyslid

|- | (Uncrowned)
Wenceslaus III of Bohemia
Template:Langx
1305Template:Ndash1306
(1 year) | File:Vaclav3 pecet.jpg | File:Insigne Cechicum.svg

| 6 October 1289
Prague

Son of Wenceslaus II and Judith of Habsburg

| Template:Grey Viola of Teschen | 4 August 1306
Olomouc
Aged 16

| Succession

Uncrowned and assassinated

| Přemyslid |}

House of Piast (restored)Edit

Template:See also Template:Nobility table header

|-

| King
Ladislaus the Short
Template:Langx
1306Template:Ndash1320
(as High Duke)

20 January 1320
Template:Ndash
2 March 1333
(as King)
(Template:Age in years and days)

| 16th Century Portrait by Antoni Boys | File:POL Przemysł II ca. 1350 COA.svg

| Template:C.

Son of Casimir I of Kuyavia and Euphrosyne of Opole

| Template:Grey Jadwiga of Kalisz, 6 children | 2 March 1333
Kraków
Aged about 73

| Reunited the Kingdom of Poland after fragmentation

Crowned King in 1320

| Piast

|- | King
Casimir III the Great
Template:Langx
25 April 1333
Template:Ndash
5 November 1370
(Template:Age in years and days) | Sarcophagus effigy at Wawel Cathedral, Kraków | File:POL Przemysł II ca. 1350 COA.svg

| 30 April 1310
Kowal

Son of Władysław I the Elbow-high and Jadwiga of Kalisz | Template:Grey Aldona of Lithuania

Template:Grey Adelaide of Hesse

Template:Grey Christina Rokiczana

Template:Grey Hedwig of Sagan

| 5 November 1370
Kraków
Aged 60

| Succession

Strengthened Poland's position in Europe

Died without a male heir

Last monarch from the Piast Dynasty

| Piast |}

House of AnjouEdit

Template:See also

Template:Nobility table header

|- | King
Louis
Template:Langx
17 November 1370
Template:Ndash
10 September 1382
(Template:Age in years and days) | File:Louis I (Chronica Hungarorum).jpg | File:Coa Hungary Country History Lajos I (1370).svg

| 5 March 1326
Visegrád

Son of Charles I of Hungary and Elizabeth of Poland | Template:Grey Margaret of Bohemia

Template:Grey Elizabeth of Bosnia

| 10 September 1382
Nagyszombat (Trnava)
Aged 56 | Succeeded his uncle, Casimir III, to the Polish throne | Anjou

|- | Queen
Hedwig
Template:Langx
16 October 1384
Template:Ndash
17 July 1399
(Template:Age in years and days) | Portrait on seal | File:Coat of arms of Jadwiga of Poland.svg

| 3 October 1373Template:Ndash18 February 1374
Buda

Daughter of Louis I of Hungary and Elizabeth of Bosnia

| Template:Grey Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila) | 17 July 1399
Kraków
Aged 25

| Succeeded her father in Poland

Her husband was crowned jure uxoris on 4 March 1386

| Anjou |}

House of JagiellonEdit

Template:See also Template:Nobility table header

|- | King
Władysław II Jagiełło
Template:Langx
4 March 1386
Template:Ndash
1 June 1434
(Template:Age in years and days) | File:Jogaila (Władysław II).jpg | File:Władysław jagiełło.png

| Template:C./1362
Vilnius

Son of Algirdas and Uliana of Tver | Template:Grey Hedwig of Poland (Jadwiga)

Template:Grey Anna of Cilli

Template:Grey Elisabeth of Pilica

Template:Grey Sophia of Halshany

| 1 June 1434
Gródek
Aged 72–82

| Born a pagan

Previously Grand Duke of Lithuania

Crowned co-ruler with wife Hedwig

Longest-reigning Polish monarch

| Jagiellon

|- | King
Władysław III
English: Ladislaus III of Varna
Template:Langx
25 July 1434
Template:Ndash
10 November 1444
(Template:Age in years and days) | File:Toruń - Władysław III.(2).jpg | File:Warneńczyk.png

| 31 October 1424
Kraków

Son of Jogaila and Sophia of Halshany

| Unmarried and childless | 10 November 1444
Varna
Aged 20

| Succeeded his father in Poland

Killed at the Battle of Varna

Interregnum until 1447

| Jagiellon

|- | King
Casimir IV
Template:Langx
25 June 1447
Template:Ndash
7 June 1492
(Template:Age in years and days) | File:Kazimier Jagajłavič. Казімер Ягайлавіч (1645).jpg | File:Kazimierz jagiellończyk.png

| 30 November 1427
Kraków

Son of Jogaila and Sophia of Halshany

| Elizabeth of Habsburg, 13 children | 7 June 1492
Grodno
Aged 64

| Succession

Previously Grand Duke of Lithuania

Divided the Polish-Lithuanian realm between John and Alexander

| Jagiellon

|- | King
John I Albert
Template:Langx
23 September 1492
Template:Ndash
17 June 1501
(Template:Age in years and days) | File:PL Gloger-Encyklopedja staropolska ilustrowana T.4 454a.jpg | File:Jan olbracht.png

| 27 December 1459
Kraków

Son of Casimir IV and Elizabeth of Habsburg

| Unmarried and childless | 17 June 1501
Toruń
Aged 41

| Succeeded his father in Poland

Laid foundation for the Sejm and Senate (Polish Parliament)

| Jagiellon

|- | King
Alexander
Template:Langx
12 December 1501
Template:Ndash
19 August 1506
(Template:Age in years and days) | File:Goraj Miracle of Saint Simeon Stylites (detail).jpg | File:POL COA under the rule of Alexander Jagiellon.svg

| 5 August 1461
Kraków

Son of Casimir IV and Elizabeth of Habsburg

| Template:Grey Helena of Moscow, childless | 19 August 1506
Vilnius
Aged 45

| Succeeded his brother in Poland

Previously Grand Duke of Lithuania

Buried in Lithuania

| Jagiellon

|- | King
Sigismund I the Old
Template:Langx
8 December 1506
Template:Ndash
1 April 1548
(Template:Age in years and days) | File:Kulmbach Sigismund I the Old.jpg | File:Coat of Arms of Sigismund I of Poland (Order of the Golden Fleece).svg

| 1 January 1467
Kozienice

Son of Casimir IV and Elizabeth of Habsburg | Template:Grey Barbara Zápolya

Template:Grey Bona Sforza of Milan

| 1 April 1548
Kraków
Aged 81 | Succeeded his brother in Poland and Lithuania | Jagiellon

|- | King
Sigismund II Augustus
Template:Langx
1 April 1548
Template:Ndash
7 July 1572
(Template:Age in years and days) | File:Cranach the Younger Sigismund II Augustus.jpg | File:Fictional heraldic coat of arms of Žygimantas Augustas (based on a design from a 16th century tapestry) with Lithuanian coat of arms Vytis, Polish Eagle and coats of arms of Volhynia, Smolensk, Kyiv voivodeships.png

| 1 August 1520
Kraków

Son of Sigismund I and Bona Sforza | Template:Grey Elizabeth of Austria

Template:Grey Barbara Radziwiłł

Template:Grey Catherine of Austria

| 7 July 1572
Knyszyn
Aged 51

| Succession

Formation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth with an elective monarchy

Last male member of the Jagiellonian Dynasty, died heirless

| Jagiellon |}

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1569–1795Edit

Template:See also Template:Nobility table header

|- | King
Henry
Template:Langx
16 May 1573
Template:Ndash
12 May 1575
(Template:Age in years and days) | File:Henri III - portrait after Jean Decourt - Musée Condé.jpg | File:Coat of Arms of Henry III of France.svg

| 19 September 1551
Fontainebleau

Son of Henry II and Catherine de' Medici

| Template:Grey Louise of Lorraine, no children | 2 August 1589
Saint-Cloud
Aged 37

| Elected

Left Poland in June 1574 to succeed his brother in France

Interregnum until 1575

| Valois

|- | Queen
Anna
Template:Langx
15 December 1575
Template:Ndash
19 August 1587
(de facto)
(Template:Age in years and days)
Template:Ndash
9 September 1596
(de jure)
(Template:Age in years and days) | File:Kober Anna Jagiellon as a widow.jpg | File:COA family pl Jagiellon.svg

| 18 October 1523
Kraków

Daughter of Sigismund I and Bona Sforza

| Template:Grey Stephen Báthory, no children | 9 September 1596
Warsaw
Aged 72

| Elected co-monarch with Stephen Báthory

Sole ruler until Báthory's arrival and coronation in May 1576

Ruled after husband's death until her nephew was elected

| Jagiellon

|- | King
Stephen Báthory
Template:Langx
1 May 1576
Template:Ndash
12 December 1586
(Template:Age in years and days) | File:Riehl Portrait of Stephen Bathory.jpg | File:Bathory coat of arms.svg

| 27 September 1533
Szilágysomlyó

Son of Stephen Báthory of Somlyó and Catherine Telegdi

| Template:Grey Anna Jagiellon, no children | 12 December 1586
Grodno
Aged 53

| Elected as co-monarch with Anna Jagiellon

Prince of Transylvania

| Báthory

|- | King
Sigismund III
Template:Langx
19 August 1587
Template:Ndash
30 April 1632
(Template:Age in years and days) | File:Soutman Sigismund III Vasa in coronation robes.jpg | File:Polish House of Vasa Coa.svg

| 20 June 1566
Gripsholm

Son of John III of Sweden and Catherine Jagiellon | Template:Grey Anne of Austria

Template:Grey Constance of Austria

| 30 April 1632
Warsaw
Aged 65

| Elected, nephew of Anna Jagiellon

Transferred capital from Kraków to Warsaw

Hereditary King of Sweden until deposition in 1599

| Vasa

|- | King
Władysław IV
also Ladislaus IV
Template:Langx
8 November 1632
Template:Ndash
20 May 1648
(Template:Age in years and days) | File:Rubens Wladyslaw Vasa.jpg | File:Polish House of Vasa Coa.svg

| 9 June 1595
Łobzów

Son of Sigismund III and Anne of Austria | Template:Grey Cecilia Renata of Austria

Template:Grey Marie Louise Gonzaga

| 20 May 1648
Merkinė
Aged 52

| Elective succession

Also titular King of Sweden and elected Tsar of Russia (1610–1613) when the Polish army captured Moscow

| Vasa

|- | King
John II Casimir
Template:Langx
20 November 1648
Template:Ndash
16 September 1668
(Template:Age in years and days) | File:Schultz John II Casimir Vasa.jpg | File:Polish House of Vasa Coa.svg

| 22 March 1609
Kraków

Son of Sigismund III and Constance of Austria | Template:Grey Marie Louise Gonzaga

Template:Grey Claudine Françoise Mignot (morganatic marriage)

| 16 December 1672
Nevers
Aged 63

| Elective succession, succeeded half-brother

Previously a cardinal

Titular King of Sweden

Abdicated

| Vasa

|- | King
Michael I
Template:Langx
19 June 1669
Template:Ndash
10 November 1673
(Template:Age in years and days) | File:King Michael Korybut Wisniowiecki.jpg | File:Coat of Arms of Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki as king of Poland.svg

| 31 May 1640
Biały Kamień

Son of Jeremi Wiśniowiecki and Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska

| Template:Grey Eleonora Maria of Austria, no children | 10 November 1673
Lwów
Aged 33

| Elected

Born into nobility of mixed heritage, the son of a military commander and governor

| Wiśniowiecki

|- | King
John III Sobieski
Template:Langx
19 May 1674
Template:Ndash
17 June 1696
(Template:Age in years and days) | File:Schultz John III Sobieski.jpg | File:Coat of Arms of Jan Sobieski as king of Poland.svg

| 17 August 1629
Olesko

Son of Jakub Sobieski and Teofila Zofia

| Template:Grey Marie Casimire d'Arquien, 13 children | 17 June 1696
Wilanów
Aged 66

| Elected

Born into nobility

A successful military commander

| Sobieski

|- | King
Augustus II
Template:Langx
15 September 1697
Template:Ndash
1706
(1st reign, 9 years) | File:August II the Strong.PNG | File:Coat of Arms of Wettin kings of Poland.svg

| 12 May 1670
Dresden

Son of John George III and Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark

| Template:Grey Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, 1 son by wife | 1 February 1733
Warsaw
Aged 62

| Elected

Previously Elector and ruler of Saxony

Dethroned by Stanislaus I in 1706 during the Great Northern War

| Wettin

|- | King
Stanislaus I
Template:Langx
12 July 1704
Template:Ndash
8 July 1709
(1st reign, Template:Age in years and days) | File:Mányoki Stanislaus Leszczyński.png | File:Coat of Arms of Stanislaus Leszczynski as king of Poland.svg

| 20 October 1677
Lwów

Son of Rafał Leszczyński and Anna Jabłonowska

| Template:Grey Catherine Opalińska, 2 children | 23 February 1766
Lunéville
Aged 88

| Usurped

Nominated as ruler in 1704, crowned in 1705 and deposed predecessor in 1706

Exiled in 1709

| Leszczyński

|- | King
Augustus II
Template:Langx
8 July 1709
Template:Ndash
1 February 1733
(2nd reign, Template:Age in years and days) | File:August II (1670-1733).jpg | File:Coat of Arms of Wettin kings of Poland.svg

| 12 May 1670
Dresden

Son of John George III and Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark

| Template:Grey Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, 1 son by wife | 1 February 1733
Warsaw
Aged 62 | Restored | Wettin

|- | King
Stanislaus I
Template:Langx
12 September 1733
Template:Ndash
26 January 1736
(2nd reign, Template:Age in years and days) | File:Attribué à Jean Girardet - Portrait de Stanislas en costume d’apparat.jpg | File:Coat of Arms of Stanislaus Leszczynski as king of Poland.svg

| 20 October 1677
Lwów

Son of Rafał Leszczyński and Anna Jabłonowska

| Template:Grey Catherine Opalińska, 2 children, including Marie, Queen of France | 23 February 1766
Lunéville
Aged 88

| Elected

His election sparked the War of the Polish Succession

Deposed by Augustus III in 1736

| Leszczyński

|- | King
Augustus III
Template:Langx
5 October 1733
Template:Ndash
5 October 1763
(30 years) | File:Louis de Silvestre - Portrait of Augustus III of Poland (after 1733) - Google Art Project.jpg | File:Coat of Arms of Wettin kings of Poland.svg

| 17 October 1696
Dresden

Son of Augustus II the Strong and Christiane Eberhardine

| Template:Grey Maria Josepha of Austria, 16 children, including Maria Josepha, Dauphine of France | 5 October 1763
Dresden
Aged 66

| Usurped

Proclaimed King of Poland in 1733, crowned in 1734

Dethroned elected predecessor in 1736

| Wettin

|- | King
Stanislaus II Augustus
Template:Langx
7 September 1764
Template:Ndash
25 November 1795
(Template:Age in years and days) | File:Stanisław II August Poniatowski in coronation clothes.PNG | File:Coat of Arms of Stanislaus Augustus as king of Poland.svg

| 17 January 1732
Wołczyn

Son of Stanisław Poniatowski and Konstancja Czartoryska

| Unmarried, had illegitimate children including with Empress Catherine II of Russia | 1 February 1798
Saint Petersburg
Aged 66

| Elected

Born into nobility

Last King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, his reign ended in the Partitions of Poland

| Poniatowski |}

Duchy of Warsaw, 1807–1815Edit

Template:See also

Template:Nobility table header

|- | Grand Duke
Frederick Augustus I
Template:Langx
9 June 1807
Template:Ndash
22 May 1815
(Template:Age in years and days) | File:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony by Marcello Bacciarelli (ca 1808-1809).png | File:Grand Coat of Arms of Duchy of Warsaw.svg

| 23 December 1750
Dresden

Son of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony and Maria Antonia of Bavaria

| Template:Grey Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld,
1 daughter | 5 May 1827
Dresden
Aged 76

| Treaties of Tilsit

Designated as a king of Poland by General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland, 1812.

| Wettin |}

Polish States 1815-1918Edit

See the List of rulers of Partitioned Poland

Family tree of the rulers of PolandEdit

Template:Transcluded section Template:Trim

Pretenders to the Polish throneEdit

Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

ModernEdit

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Son of Rüdiger

Not recognized royal electionsEdit

Template:See also

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

BibliographyEdit

  • Duczmal M., Jagiellonowie. Leksykon biograficzny, Kraków 1996.
  • Dybkowska A., Żaryn J., Żaryn M., Polskie dzieje. Od czasów najdawniejszych po współczesność, wyd. 2, Warszawa 1995. Template:ISBN
  • Gierowski J.A., Rzeczpospolita w dobie złotej wolności (1648–1763), Kraków 2001. Template:ISBN
  • Grodziski S., Polska w czasach przełomu (1764–1815), Kraków 2001. Template:ISBN
  • Grodziski S., Porównawcza historia ustrojów państwowych, Kraków 1998. Template:ISBN
  • Grzybowski S., Dzieje Polski i Litwy (1506–1648), Kraków 2000. Template:ISBN
  • Morby J.E., Dynastie świata. Przewodnik chronologiczny i genealogiczny, Kraków 1995, s. 261–263. Template:ISBN
  • Wyrozumski J., Dzieje Polski piastowskiej (VIII w.-1370), Kraków 1999. Template:ISBN
  • Zientara B., Henryk Brodaty i jego czasy, wyd. 2, Warszawa 1997.

External linksEdit

Template:Sister project

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