Kiryat Anavim

Kiryat Anavim (Template:Langx) is a kibbutz in the Judean Hills of Israel. It was the first kibbutz established in the Judean Hills.<ref>Our History Kiryat Anavim</ref> It is located west of Jerusalem, and falls under the jurisdiction of the Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. In Template:Israel populations it had a population of Template:Israel populations.Template:Israel populations

History

The land on which the kibbutz stands was purchased from the neighboring village of Abu Ghosh, and the name Kiryat Anavim is a hebraization of Qaryat al-'Inab (Template:Langx), the older name of Abu Ghosh, which in turn is identified with the biblical town of Kiriath-Jearim. In 1912 the Abu Ghosh family sold thousands of dunams to Arthur Ruppin, who represented the Zionist movement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1919 a group of 6 pioneers from the Ukrainian town of Kamieniec Podolski and Preluki settled on the land, near a small spring called "Dilb" so-called for the surrounding plane trees (Template:Langx; Template:Langx).<ref>Flowers in Israel</ref> The other 20 arrived there in spring of 1920 while five of the group came in December 1920 after liquidation of the farm in Odessa where they learned to become farmers.

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Qiriath Anavim had a population of 73, all Jews.<ref name="Census1922">Template:Cite book</ref> Increasing in the 1931 census to 109, in 29 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. 42</ref>

By the end of 1920, there were 200 pioneers on the kibbutz.Template:Citation needed

During Hanukkah 1925, a group of Hebrew writers convened at Kiryat Anavim to discuss creative ways of promoting the land reclamation and settlement work of the Jewish National Fund. The conference expressed the hope that Jewish authors and intellectuals in the Diaspora would help to further this cause.<ref>Keren Kayemeth, Third Decade</ref>

The Gordonia group arrived from Galicia, Poland in 1936.Template:Citation needed

On 9 November 1937, five members of the Gordonia group working on a Jewish National Fund afforestation project near Kiryat Anavim were ambushed and murdered by Arabs. Kibbutz Ma'ale HaHamisha (lit. Hill of the Five), established a year later, was named for them.<ref>Lessons and Legacies I: The Meaning of the Holocaust in a Changing World, edited by Peter Hayes.</ref>

During the "Hunting Season", Kiryat Anavim served as a base for the Haganah.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the 4th Battalion of the Palmach (Harel Brigade), with Uzi Narkiss, mounted their fight for Sha'ar HaGai, the road to Jerusalem, and the city itself, from Kiryat Anavim.<ref>A defender of Jerusalem Template:Webarchive The Jerusalem Post</ref> Kiryat Anavim and the adjacent Ma'ale HaHamisha were the site of a battle for Mount Hagana between the Palmach (including troops that retreated from the Radar Hill) and the Transjordanian Arab Legion.<ref name="yitzhaki">Yitzhaki, Aryeh (1988), A Guide to War Monuments and Sites in Israel, p. 59</ref>

• קריית ענבים - גן הילדים בעבודת האדמה, המורה והגננות-JNF003981.jpeg

  Kiryat Anavim 1928

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  Kiryat Anavim 1933

• קרית ענבים - אבן עברית לירושלים - מחצבות על אדמת הקק"ל בסביבת קרית ענבים.-JNF044798.jpeg

  Kiryat Anavin quarry 1936

• AERIAL VIEW OF KIBBUTZ KIRYAT ANAVIM. צילום אוויר של קיבוץ קרית ענבים בהרי ירושלים.D17-020.jpg

  Kiryat Anavim 1942

• קרית ענבים - היער והישוב-JNF002045.jpeg

  Kiryat Anavim 1945

• קרית ענבים - מראה כללי (צלום אויר)-JNF030656.jpeg

  Kiryat Anavim 1947

• Kiryat Anavim ii.jpg

  Kiryat Anavim, 1947

• Kiryat Anavim March 1948.jpg

  Palmach training at Kiryat Anavim, March 1948

• Kiryat Anavim 1948.jpg

  Members of Harel 6th Battalion camped at Kiryat Anavim

• Kiryat Anavim (997008136319905171).jpg

  Kiryat Anavim 1950

On 6 September 1996, a fire in the Jerusalem corridor caused extensive damage in Kiryat Anavim and surroundings. Fifteen homes and 10 other buildings were damaged in the blaze.<ref>Israeli Fire Destroys 40 Homes; Allegations of Poor Response Template:Webarchive SNS Special Report, 8 September 1996</ref>

Economy

In the early days, the pioneers operated a dairy and a poultry farm. In 1968, the kibbutz produced cherries, peaches, grapes, and plums; and operated a guest house, cotton fields and orange groves. Anavid Insulation Products, founded in 1981, is wholly owned by Kibbutz Kiryat Anavim. The plant produces thermal insulation and sealing materials.<ref>Anavid Insulation Products</ref> In June 2013, the kibbutz opened the Cramim hotel which offers a spa treatment based on vinotherapy.<ref>More five-star hotels for Israel The Jewish Chronicle</ref>

Landmarks

During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, many who fell in battle to secure the road to Jerusalem were buried at the kibbutz cemetery. A memorial monument was designed for the cemetery by Israeli artist Menahem Shemi, whose son Aharon-Jimmy, a Palmach Harel Brigade company commander, was killed in action at Hartuv and is buried in the cemetery.<ref>About Menachem Shemi</ref> Soldiers of the Harel Brigade are among those interred here.<ref>Warriors' Final Resting Place: The Cemetery at Kibbutz Kiryat Anavim Template:Webarchive Gems in Israel, April 2000</ref>

Gallery

• Kiryat Anavim.jpg

  Entrance to Kiryat Anavim

• Kiryat Anavim barn.jpg

  First kibbutz building - a dairy barn, built in 1920

• AlonSchoolKiryatAnavimNov082021-1.jpg

  Alon School - Kiryat Anavim

Further reading

• Ed. Aviva Ufaz, Sefer Hachayim, the Diary of Kiryat Anavim, Yad Ben Zvi, 2001 Template:In lang
• 'Vehigadta Lebinha - 50 Years of Independence', Kiryat Anavim, 1998 Template:In lang
• 'Sipurei Kibbutzim' (Stories of Kibbutzim), Edited by Zeev Aner, Israel Ministry of Defense, 1998, Template:ISBN Template:In lang
• 'Document and Fiction of the Third Aliya', written by Aviva Ufaz, Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 1996 Template:In lang

External links

• Template:Official website