L'Express
Template:Short description {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:Expand French Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox magazine
{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}, stylized in all caps) is a French weekly news magazine headquartered in Paris.<ref>L'Express Template:Webarchive Eurotopics.</ref> The weekly stands at the political centre-right in the French media landscape,<ref name="LeMonde2021">Template:Cite news</ref> and has a lifestyle supplement, L'Express Styles, and a job supplement, Réussir.<ref name=rou/> Founded in 1953 by Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber and Françoise Giroud, L'Express would be considered France's first American-style news weekly.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> L'Express is one of the three major French news weeklies alongside Le Nouvel Obs and Le Point.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
History and profileEdit
{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} was co-founded in 1953<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> by Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=chs>Template:Cite book</ref> future president of the Radical Party, and Françoise Giroud,<ref name=mmo>Template:Cite book</ref> who had earlier edited Elle and went on to become France's first minister of women's affairs in 1974 and minister of culture in 1976. L'ExpressTemplate:' first issue was released on Saturday 16 May 1953, at the corner of the end of the Indochina War and the Algerian War which was about to break out.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It was founded as a weekly supplement to the newspaper Les Échos.<ref name="Cressard2003">Template:Cite news</ref>
The magazine was supportive of the policies of Pierre Mendès-France in Indochina and, in general, had a left-of-centre orientation. The magazine opposed the Algerian War, and especially the use of torture.<ref>Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber The Guardian, 9 November 2006</ref> In March 1958, as a result of an article of Jean-Paul Sartre reviewing the book La Question by Henri Alleg, the magazine was prevented from being published by the French Government. In order to resume publication, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} had to print a new issue without the incriminated article. François Mauriac was a regular contributor with his Bloc-Notes column but left {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} when Charles de Gaulle returned to power.Template:Citation needed
In 1964, L'Express was modelled on the US magazine Time and the German magazine Der Spiegel.<ref name="Cressard2003"/> That same year, a number of journalists, including Jean Daniel and André Gorz, quit {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} to found Le Nouvel Observateur. Servan-Schreiber turned {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} into a less politically engaged publication, and the circulation rose from 150,000 to 500,000 copies in three years.Template:Citation needed The magazine's sales surged in 1965 with its investigation into the Ben Barka case, which had shaken the Gaullist government.<ref name="Cressard2003" />
In 1971, as a result of Servan-Schreiber's political activities as a deputy of the Radical Party, nine journalists of {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, including Claude Imbert, left the magazine and created Le Point to counter what they perceived as the "current breed of French intellectuals in the press and elsewhere, with their leftist dogmas and complacent nihilism".<ref>"Making Le Point". Time, 27 November 1972.</ref> Journalist Philippe Grumbach, who, after joining the magazine in 1954, had left in 1963 to pursue independent work, was appointed political editor.<ref name="monde">Template:Cite news</ref> He left in 1978. Earlier in 1977, Servan-Schreiber sold his magazine to Jimmy Goldsmith.<ref>Jean-Jacques Servan-SchreiberTemplate:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore The Times, 8 November 2006</ref><ref>Sir Jimmy's Cross-Channel Fiefdom TIME Magazine, 18 April 1977</ref>
Jean-François Revel became director in October 1978. He was replaced by Yves Cuau in May 1981. The same year the magazine had a circulation of 507,000 copies.<ref name="kuhn">Template:Cite book</ref> In 1986, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} started a news exchange cooperation with the Belgium-based French language news magazine Le Vif/L’Express.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1987, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} had a circulation of 555,000 copies and 554,000 copies in 1988.<ref name="Humphreys1996">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="kuhn" /> The same year the magazine was sold to C. G. E. Yann de l'Ecotais became the new director and served in the post until 1994, when he was replaced by Christine Ockrent. In 1995, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} was sold to CEP communications, a filial of Havas, and Denis Jeambar became the new director. On 22 April 1996, Christophe Barbier began working for the magazine as editor-in-chief of the political department.<ref name="Patri2020">Template:Cite news</ref>
In 1998, after Vivendi took control of Havas, the magazine returned under its control. After the collapse of Vivendi, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} was sold in 2002 to Socpresse (80% owned by Dassault Group). From 2001 to 2002, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} had a circulation of 424,000 copies.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was 548,195 copies between 2003 and 2004.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} was acquired by Roularta Media Group in 2006.<ref name="rou">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The same year the circulation of the magazine was 547,000 copies.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Barbier was the editorial director from 2006 to 2016.<ref name="Patri2020" />
In 2014, Roularta sold {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} to Franco-Israeli billionaire and media entrepreneur Patrick Drahi, founder and owner of Altice.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The magazine had lost several million euros due to the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.<ref name="LeMonde2021" /> After buying 51% of the capital (the rest remaining in the hands of Altice), Alain Weill revitalized L'Express in 2020 by emulating the approach of The Economist.<ref name="LeMonde2021" /> Weill refocused the magazine on four themes: international, economics, politics, and ideas.<ref name="Lefilliâtre2020">Template:Cite news</ref> New columnists were hired, such as Marion Van Renterghem (renowned reporter and specialized in the European field), Jean-Laurent Cassely (writer and journalist discussing sociological and urban issues), Jean-Marc Jancovici (engineer, pro-nuclear, and "pioneer of the climate cause"), Robin Rivaton (liberal essayist, close to Bruno Le Maire and Valérie Pécresse), and Emmanuelle Mignon (ex-director of Nicolas Sarkozy's cabinet at the Élysée Palace).<ref name="Lefilliâtre2020" /> Slowly relaunching the magazine, Weill decided to drop the entertainment news section and focus on an audience of lawyers, business executives, physicians, pharmacists, teachers, and students.<ref name="LeMonde2021" />
In 2021, between 65 and 67 journalists worked for L'Express out of a total of 120 employees.<ref name="LeMonde2021" /> {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is published weekly.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Notable staffEdit
JournalistsEdit
- Raymond Aron<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Christophe Barbier<ref name="Patri2020"/>
- Albert Camus<ref name="Cressard2003"/>
- Madeleine Chapsal<ref name="Cressard2003"/>
- Michèle Cotta<ref name="Perrignon2011">Template:Cite news</ref>
- Franz-Olivier Giesbert
- André Gorz<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Danièle Heymann<ref name="Cressard2003"/>
- Jean-François Kahn<ref name="Cressard2003"/>
- Christian Makarian<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- François Mauriac<ref name="Cressard2003"/>
- Catherine Nay<ref name="Perrignon2011"/>
- Jean-François Revel<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
CollaboratorsEdit
- André Malraux<ref name="Cressard2003"/>
- Jean-Paul Sartre<ref name="Cressard2003"/>