La Bayamesa
Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Infobox anthem
"{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}" (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell), officially known by its full title as "{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}" ('The Bayamo Anthem'), is the national anthem of Cuba. It was first performed in 1868, during the Battle of Bayamo. Perucho Figueredo, who took part in the battle, wrote the lyrics to the anthem, and he, along with Antonio Rodriguez-Ferrer, composed the melody of "La Bayamesa" in 1868.
OverviewEdit
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On October 20, 1868, the Cuban forces obtained the capitulation of the Spanish colonial authorities in Bayamo, the jubilant people surrounded Figueredo and asked him to write an anthem with the melody they were humming. Right on the saddle of his horse, Figueredo wrote the lyrics of the anthem,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> which was longer than the current official version. Figueredo was captured and executed by the Spanish two years later. Just before the firing squad received the Fire command, Figueredo shouted the line from his song: "Morir por la Patria es vivir" (Template:Gloss).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Officially adopted by Cuba as its national anthem in 1902, upon the foundation of the Republic, it was retained even after the revolution of 1959. The Cuban composer Antonio Rodriguez-Ferrer contributed the musical introductory notes to the Cuban national anthem.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In addition to the "Himno de Bayamo", there are two other well-known Cuban songs called "{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}". The first Bayamesa was composed in 1851 by Carlos Manuel de Céspedes and José Fornaris at the request of their friend Francisco Castillo Moreno, who is sometimes also credited with the lyrics.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> After 1868, during the Cuban war, a "mambí" version of "{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}" became popular. It has the same melody but different lyrics.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Many years later, in 1918, the composer and trovador Sindo Garay, from Santiago de Cuba, composed a song that he called "Mujer Bayamesa"; popular usage shortened the title to "{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
LyricsEdit
Originally, the song had three verses. The last two were excluded when the anthem was officially adopted in 1902, because the lyrics were seen to be excessively anti-Spanish<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and too long compared with the other verses.
citation | CitationClass=web
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IPA transcription | English translation |
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lang}}</poem> | main}}</poem> | <poem>To combat, run, people of Bayamo!
Because the Fatherland proudly looks at you; Fear not a glorious death, Because dying for the Fatherland is living. (𝄆) Living in chains is living Plunged in affront and opprobrium. Hear the sound of the bugle: To arms, brave ones, run! (𝄇) Fear not the fierce Iberians, They are cowards like every tyrant. They cannot withstand the brave Cubans; Their empire has forever fallen. (𝄆) Free Cuba! Spain has already died, Its power and pride, where did it go? Hear the sound of the bugle: To arms, brave ones, run! (𝄇) Behold our triumphant troops, And behold them fallen. Because they were cowards, they flee defeated; Because we were brave, we knew how to triumph. (𝄆) Free Cuba! we can shout From the cannon's terrible boom. Hear the sound of the bugle, To arms, brave ones, run! (𝄇)</poem> |
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
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- Cuba: {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} - Audio of the national anthem of Cuba, with information and lyrics (archive link)
- Cuban National Anthem Website Cuban National Anthem interpreted by Cuban artists with music and voice.
- Different Mp3 files (nacion.cult.cu)
- Infos about the hymn (nacion.cult.cu)
- Las Bayamesas Article in Spanish on the three songs named {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
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