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Lafourche Parish, Louisiana

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Lafourche Parish (Template:Langx) is a parish located in the south of the U.S. state of Louisiana. The parish seat is Thibodaux.<ref name="GR6">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The parish was formed in 1807.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was originally the northern part of Lafourche Interior Parish, which consisted of the present parishes of Lafourche and Terrebonne. Lafourche Parish was named after the Bayou Lafourche.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> City buildings have been featured in television and movies, such as in Fletch Lives, due to its architecture and rich history. At the 2020 census, its population was 97,557.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Long a center of sugar cane plantations and sugar production, in November 1887 the parish was the site of the Thibodaux Massacre. After state militia were used to suppress a massive Knights of Labor strike involving 10,000 workers in four parishes, many African Americans retreated to Thibodaux. Local paramilitary forces attacked the men and their families, killing an estimated 50 persons. Hundreds more were missing, wounded, and presumed dead in one of the deadliest incidents of labor suppression and racial terrorism.

Lafourche Parish is part of the Houma-Thibodaux metropolitan statistical area. People of the state-recognized Native American Houma Tribe live in both Lafourche and Terrebonne parishes.

HistoryEdit

South Louisiana became known as “Sugarland”, and Lafourche one of the sugar parishes, where sugar cane plantations were established before and after the Civil War. They required the labor of large numbers of enslaved African Americans. In the postbellum era, they constituted from 50 to 80 percent of the population in most of the sugar parishes.<ref name="pfiefer">Template:Cite book</ref>

Particularly after Reconstruction, whites in the parish used violence and intimidation against the large population of freedmen to suppress Republican voting and re-establish white supremacy, but were less successful than in North Louisiana until after disenfranchisement of blacks at the turn of the century.<ref name="pfiefer"/> From 1877 through the early 20th century, there were 52 lynchings of African Americans in Lafourche Parish. Most of the deaths were due to white suppression of labor unrest in 1887; blacks were skilled sugar workers and had begun to organize for better wages and conditions.<ref name="pfiefer"/> Some 10,000 workers had struck in Lafourche and three other parishes during the critical harvest period. At the request of the planters, the state sent in militia against the workers to break the strike.

In what was called the Thibodaux Massacre of November 22, 1887, local whites organized by leaders of the town killed up to 50 blacks who had taken refuge in the African-American quarters after a major Knights of Labor strike was called on sugar plantations. Hundreds more were wounded or missing, and presumed dead.<ref name="KnowLA">Bell, Ellen Baker, "Thibodaux Massacre (1887)", KnowLA Encyclopedia of Louisiana, September 15, 2011, access-date April 23, 2017</ref>

The total deaths in this parish due to this racial terrorism were the highest of any parish in the state and nearly twice as high as some others among the six parishes with the highest totals.<ref>Lynching in America, Third Edition: Supplement by County Template:Webarchive, p. 6, Equal Justice Initiative, Mobile, AL, 2017</ref> In general, most of the lynching and racial terrorism took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

On August 29, 2021, Hurricane Ida made landfall in Port Fourchon at 16:55 UTC as a category 4 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 150 mph. Additional reports surveyed by ships in Port Fourchon reported wind gusts up to 194 knots.<ref name=auto>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In Golden Meadow, LA, the National Weather Service recorded storm surge measurements of 10.1 ft.<ref name="auto"/> It was the strongest storm on record to make landfall in Lafourche Parish and at the time the 5th costliest hurricane in United States history.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

GeographyEdit

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the parish has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert (28%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> To the south of the parish is the Gulf of Mexico.

Lafourche, like most of the Gulf Coast, is experiencing land loss due to man-made changes to the path of the Mississippi River and development in the swamplands.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite news</ref> The southern part of the parish was inundated during Hurricane Juan in 1985.<ref name=":1" /> After that, the South Lafourche levee district converted its disconnected patchwork of low hurricane levees into a continuous wall that is 48 miles (77 km) long.<ref name=":1" /> The levee, largely funded by a local tax and occasional money from the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority, was built higher but narrower than recommended by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, which decertified them.<ref name=":1" /> The additional height proved its value when Hurricane Ida struck the area in 2021, and the floodwaters rose four feet (1.2 m) higher than the recommended height – but one foot (30 cm) lower than the levee was built.<ref name=":1" /> In the northern part of the parish, the shorter, federally approved levees were overtopped and the communities were flooded.<ref name=":1" />

Major highwaysEdit

Adjacent parishesEdit

National protected areaEdit

CommunitiesEdit

File:Map of Lafourche Parish Louisiana With Municipal Labels.PNG
Map of Lafourche Parish with municipal labels

CityEdit

TownsEdit

Census-designated placesEdit

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Other areasEdit

DemographicsEdit

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Race Number Percentage
White (non-Hispanic) 70,722 72.49%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 14,532 14.9%
Native American 2,427 2.49%
Asian 759 0.78%
Pacific Islander 31 0.03%
Other/Mixed 3,414 3.5%
Hispanic or Latino 5,672 5.81%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 97,557 people, 36,759 households, and 25,224 families residing in the parish. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.04.

In 2000, there were 89,794 people living in the parish. The racial makeup of Lafourche was 82.85% White, 12.61% Black or African American, 2.30% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.67% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.58% from other races, and 0.97% from two or more races; 1.43% of the population were Hispanic or Latino American of any race. Among the population, 19.12% reported speaking French or Cajun French at home, while 1.51% spoke Spanish.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Up from $34,910 in 2000, the median income of a household in the parish was $51,339 according to the 2019 American Community Survey. In 2000, males had a median income of $34,600 versus $19,484 for females. The per capita income for the parish was $15,809. About 13.20% of families and 16.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.90% of those under age 18 and 18.30% of those age 65 or over.

EducationEdit

The parish is zoned to Lafourche Parish Public Schools.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} - Text list</ref>

Residents of select portions of Lafourche Parish (particularly in parts of Grand Bois and Bourg) may attend schools in the Terrebonne Parish School District.<ref>"SCHOOL ATTENDANCE BOUNDARIES Template:Webarchive." Lafourche Parish Public Schools. Retrieved on December 2, 2016.</ref>

High schoolsEdit

Colleges and universitiesEdit

The parish is in the service area of Fletcher Technical Community College.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Additionally, a Delgado Community College document stated that Lafourche Parish was in the college's service area.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

National GuardEdit

D Company 2-156 Infantry Battalion of the 256TH Infantry Brigade Combat Team resides in Thibodaux, Louisiana

Notable peopleEdit

PoliticsEdit

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See alsoEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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