Lake Hauroko
Template:Short description Template:Use New Zealand English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox body of water Lake Hauroko is the deepest lake in New Zealand. The lake, which is 462 metres deep,<ref name=":4">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> is located in a mountain valley in Fiordland National Park.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
EtymologyEdit
"Hauroko" translates from te reo Māori as "soughing of the wind"<ref name=":3">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> or "sounding wind".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Prior to 1930, the lake was also called "Lake Hauroto".<ref name=":3" />
GeographyEdit
Lake Hauroko is Template:Convert deep; sources range from calling it the 16th deepest lake in the world<ref name=":4" /> to the 23rd deepest.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The S-shaped lake is Template:Convert long<ref name=":6" /> and has a surface area of Template:Convert.<ref name=":6" /> The lake surface is about Template:Convert above sea level.<ref name=":5" />
One of the country's southernmost lakes, it is only 13 km from the southern coast of the South Island. It sits between the similarly-sized lakes Monowai and Poteriteri. According to the 1925 New Zealand Official Yearbook, it drains about Template:Convert/sec<ref name=":6">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> via the Template:Convert-long Wairaurāhiri River into Foveaux Strait 10 kilometres to the west of Te Waewae Bay.
The largest island in Lake Hauroko is Mary Island, named in 1883 after the wife of the government surveyor John Hay.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Better source needed A smaller island is adjacent to Teal Bay at the southern end of the lake. There are also a few other smaller islets and rocks in the lake.<ref name=":5">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
GeologyEdit
Traditionally, Ngā Puna Wai Karikari o Rakaihautu say the lake was dug by rangatira Rākaihautū on his journey south with his ko. The lake is a Statutory Acknowledgement site under the Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Geologists say it's a glacial lake,<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref> formed near the Hauroko Fault (it and other faults in the area have slipped several kilometres)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in early carboniferous granites and metamorphic rocks, on the higher ground, with much more recent Hauroko Formation Eocene - Oligocene sediments such as calcareous sandstone, on the lower ground, towards the southeast.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite journal</ref>
Hauroko granite is about 358 million years old, medium grained, white, granodiorite and granite, with red-brown biotite. It has intruded dikes, plugs and xenoliths into metasediment. Albert Edward Granite is coarser, with pink K-feldspar megacrysts and green-brown biotite. There are also small amounts of carboniferous diorite.<ref name=":2" /> Towards the northwest of the lake, the area between the Hauroko Burn and the Hay River has dioritic, felsic dykes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
AccessEdit
A Template:Convert road from Clifden<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> to the lake was built in about 1909<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and improved in the 1960s.<ref name=":0" /> A water taxi runs to the Dusky Track, which starts at the north end of the lake and leads to Lake Manapouri.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Burial on Mary IslandEdit
Mary Island is the subject of several local myths, including one that the island is subject to a Māori curse. Such stories are dismissed by local Māori. The island is famous for the discovery of a burial site of a Māori woman in 1967, who is known as "the lady of the lake" by Southland locals. The burial site is in a cave on the eastern side of the island. Believed to have been placed on the burial site sometime between the late 16th century and 17th century, possibly around 1660, the woman was laid to rest wearing a flax cloak and a dog skin collar with weka feather edging around her neck, and was seated upright on a bier made of sticks and leaves. The reasons for the burial in this manner are uncertain, although it has been suggested that these burials were to either make sure the remains were protected from desecration by enemies, or to protect living descendants from a dangerous "tapu" (sacred, forbidden or taboo<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>) that Māori may have believed the ancestral bones possessed. This led to the belief that this woman was of high-ranking status, and it was later discovered through an archaeological investigation that she was a chieftain of the Ngāti Mamoe tribe. The burial remains on the island today, with a grille made of steel and wire mesh ensuring that people can still view the burial, but the woman will remain untouched.<ref name="Duff, Roger Shepherd">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Natural historyEdit
Trees are mainly mataī, tōtara, rimu,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> tawhai pango, tawhai, Pseudopanax linearis and rautawhiri (Pittosporum Colensoi).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The lake is one of the few not yet colonised by invasive water weeds, except the bulbous rush, Juncus bulbosus,<ref name=":1">Template:Cite journal</ref> so it retains plants such as Nitella stuartii algae, Callitriche petriei water-starwort, Isoetes kirkii quillwort, Pilularia novaezelandiae pillwort fern, Trithuria inconspicua waterlilies<ref name=":0" /> and Charales fibrosa.<ref name=":1" />
Pests include stoats<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and possums, which arrived in the 1990s.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> They are controlled by trapping, bait stations<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and periodic 1080 drops.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>