Lenin Peace Prize
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The International Lenin Peace Prize (Template:Langx, mezhdunarodnaya Leninskaya premiya mira) was a Soviet Union award named in honor of Vladimir Lenin. It was awarded by a panel appointed by the Soviet government, to notable individuals whom the panel indicated had "strengthened peace among comrades". It was founded as the International Stalin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Peoples, but was renamed the International Lenin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Peoples (Template:Langx, Mezhdunarodnaya Leninskaya premiya «Za ukrepleniye mira mezhdu narodami») as a result of de-Stalinization. Unlike the Nobel Prize, the Lenin Peace Prize was usually awarded to several people a year rather than to just one individual. The prize was mainly awarded to prominent Communists and supporters of the Soviet Union who were not Soviet citizens. Notable recipients include W. E. B. Du Bois, Fidel Castro, Lázaro Cárdenas, Salvador Allende, Mikis Theodorakis, Seán MacBride, Angela Davis, Pablo Picasso, Oscar Niemeyer, Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Abdul Sattar Edhi, Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, CV Raman and Nelson Mandela. Template:TOC limit
HistoryEdit
The prize was created as the International Stalin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Peoples on December 21, 1949, by executive order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet in honor of Joseph Stalin's seventieth birthday (although this was after his seventy-first).
Following Nikita Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalin in 1956 during the Twentieth Party Congress, the prize was renamed on September 6 as the International Lenin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Peoples. All previous recipients were asked to return their Stalin Prizes so they could be replaced by the renamed Lenin Prize. By a decision of Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 11, 1989, the prize was renamed the International Lenin Peace Prize.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Two years later, after the collapse of USSR in 1991, the Russian government, as the successor state to the defunct Soviet Union, ended the award program. The Lenin Peace Prize is regarded as a counterpart to the existing Nobel Peace Prize.
The International Lenin Prize should not be confused with the International Peace Prize, awarded by the World Peace Council. In 1941 the Soviet Union created the Stalin Prize (later renamed the USSR State Prize), which was awarded annually to accomplished Soviet writers, composers, artists and scientists.
Stalin Prize recipientsEdit
File:Medal of the USSR-1953. CPA 1717.jpg
Stalin Peace Prize medal depicted on a 1953 stamp
| Year | Picture | Name | Occupation | Country | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | File:Eugénie Cotton.jpg | Eugénie Cotton<ref name="Pravda51">О присуждении международных Сталинских премий "За укрепление мира между народами" за 1950 год. Pravda. Apr 6, 1951 [1] Template:Webarchive</ref><ref name=DN51>The Deseret News – Apr 7, 1951</ref> (1881–1967) |
Scientist, President of the Women's International Democratic Federation | Template:Flag | Awarded 6 April 1951 | |
| File:Portrait of Heriberto Jara Corona.jpg | Heriberto Jara Corona<ref name="Pravda51"/><ref name=DN51/> (1879–1968) |
Politician, revolutionary | Template:Flag | Awarded 6 April 1951 | ||
| File:Hewlett Johnson in 1938.jpg | Hewlett Johnson<ref name="Pravda51"/><ref name=DN51/> (1874–1966) |
Church of England priest, Dean of Manchester (1924–1931), Dean of Canterbury (1931–1963) | Template:Flag | Awarded 6 April 1951 | ||
| File:Joliot-fred.jpg | Frédéric Joliot-Curie<ref name="Pravda51"/><ref name=DN51/> (1900–1958) |
Physicist, Member of the French Academy of Sciences, Professor at the Collège de France, President of the World Peace Council (1950–1958), Nobel laureate in Chemistry (1935) | Template:Flag | Awarded 6 April 1951 | ||
| Arthur Moulton<ref name="Pravda51"/><ref name=DN51/> (1873–1962) |
Episcopal Bishop of Utah | Template:Flag | Declined | |||
| File:Pak Jong Ae, 28 August 1946.png | Pak Chong-ae<ref name="Pravda51"/><ref name=DN51/> (1907–after 1986) |
Workers' Party of North Korea politician, Chairwoman of the Korean Democratic Women's League (1945–1965) | Template:Flag | Awarded 6 April 1951 | ||
| File:Soong Ching-ling 1937.jpg | Soong Ching-ling<ref name="Pravda51"/><ref name=DN51/> (1893–1981) |
Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang politician, Vice President of China (1949–1954; 1959–1975) | Template:Flag | Awarded 6 April 1951 | ||
| 1951 | File:Jorge Amado, 1935.jpg | Jorge Amado<ref name=MN51>The Miami News – Dec 21, 1951Template:Dead link</ref><ref name="BSE2E">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=Tiempo80/> (1912–2001) |
Writer, Member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters (1961–2001) | Template:Flag | Awarded 20 December 1951 | |
| File:Monica Felton Stalin prize.jpg | Monica Felton<ref name=MN51/><ref name="BSE2E"/> (1906–1970) |
Town planner, feminist, politician | Template:Flag | Awarded 20 December 1951 | ||
| File:Guo Moruo.jpg | Guo Moruo<ref name="BSE59">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=MN51/> (1892–1978) |
Writer, scientist, politician, President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (1949–1978) | Template:Flag | Awarded 20 December 1951 | ||
| File:Pietro Nenni 2.jpg | Pietro Nenni<ref name=MN51/><ref name="BSE2E"/> (1891–1980) |
Italian Socialist Party politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Italy (1946–1947; 1968–1969), Deputy Prime Minister of Italy (1963–1968) | Template:Flag | Awarded 20 December 1951 | ||
| File:Ikuo Oyama.jpg | Oyama Ikuo<ref name=MN51/><ref name="BSE2E"/> (1889–1955) |
Politician, Member of the House of Councillors of Japan | Template:Flag | Awarded 20 December 1951 | ||
| File:Anna Seghers (Bundesarchiv-Bild 183-F0114-0204-003) – retouched by Carschten.jpg | Anna Seghers<ref name=MN51/><ref name="BSE2E"/> (1900–1983) |
Writer, Socialist Unity Party politician, founding member of the DDR Academy of Arts | Template:Flag | Awarded 20 December 1951 | ||
| 1952 | File:Fotothek df roe-neg 0006547 034 Portrait Johannes R. Bechers am Rednerpult währe.jpg | Johannes R. Becher<ref name="BSE2E"/><ref name=ERG52>Eugene Register-Guard – Dec 22, 1952</ref> (1891–1958) |
Writer, Socialist Unity Party politician, founding member of the DDR Academy of Arts | Template:Flag | Awarded 20 December 1952 | |
| File:Elisa Branco (cropped).jpg | Elisa Branco<ref name="BSE2E"/><ref name=ERG52/> (1912–2001) |
Brazilian Communist Party politician, Vice President of the Council of Brazilian Advocates for Peace (1949–1960) | Template:Flag | Awarded 20 December 1952 | ||
| File:Ilya Ehrenburg 1960s.jpg | Ilya Ehrenburg<ref name="BSE2E"/><ref name=ERG52/> (1891–1967) |
Writer, journalist, war correspondent for World War I, the Spanish Civil War, and World War II | Template:Flag | Awarded 20 December 1952 | ||
| File:195104 世界和平理事会中国代表吴耀宗与加拿大代表文幼章 (cropped).png | James Gareth Endicott<ref name="BSE2E"/><ref name=ERG52/> (1898–1993) |
United Church of Canada clergyman, founder of Canadian Peace Congress, | Template:Flag | Awarded 20 December 1952 | ||
| File:Yves Farge FF mars1952.jpg | Yves Farge<ref name="BSE2E"/><ref name=ERG52/> (1899–1953) |
Journalist, politician | Template:Flag | Awarded 20 December 1952 | ||
| File:Halldór Kiljan Laxness 1955.jpg | Halldór Laxness<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> (1902–1998) |
Writer, Nobel laureate in Literature (1955) | Template:Flag | Awarded 20 December 1952 | ||
| File:Saifuddin Kitchlew 1989 stamp of India.jpg | Saifuddin Kitchlew<ref name="BSE2E"/><ref name=ERG52/> (1888–1963) |
Barrister, politician, Vice President of the World Peace Council (1955–1959), President of the All-India Peace Council | Template:Flag | Awarded 20 December 1952 | ||
| File:Paul Robeson 1942 crop.jpg | Paul Robeson<ref name="BSE2E"/><ref name=ERG52/> (1898–1976) |
Singer, actor, civil rights movement activist, | Template:Flag | Awarded 20 December 1952 | ||
| 1953 | File:Andrea Andreen.jpg | Andrea Andreen<ref name="BSE2E"/><ref name=RE53>Reading Eagle – Dec 21, 1953</ref> (1888–1972) |
Physician, educator, Chairman of the Swedish Women's Left-Wing Association (1946–1964), Vice President of the Women's International Democratic Federation | Template:Flag | Awarded 12 December 1953 | |
| John Desmond Bernal<ref name="BSE59"/><ref name=RE53/> (1901–1971) |
Scientist, Professor at Birkbeck College, University of London, Fellow of the Royal Society (1937), President of the World Peace Council (1959–1965) | Template:Flag | Awarded 12 December 1953 | |||
| File:Isabelle blume vis.jpg | Isabelle Blume<ref name="BSE59"/><ref name=RE53/> (1892–1975) |
Belgian Labour Party politician, Member of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives for Brussels (1936–1954), President of the World Peace Council (1965–1969) | Template:Flag | Awarded 12 December 1953 | ||
| File:Pierre Cot-1928.jpg | Pierre Cot<ref name=RE53/> (1895–1977) |
Radical Party politician, Member of the National Assembly of France for Savoie and Rhône (1928–1940) | Template:Flag | Awarded 12 December 1953 | ||
| Howard Fast<ref name="BSE2E"/><ref name=RE53/> (1914–2003) |
Writer, 1952 American Labor Party presidential candidate | Template:Flag | Awarded 12 December 1953 | |||
| Template:Ill<ref name="BSE2E"/><ref name=RE53/> (1916–1988) |
Priest | Template:Flag | Awarded 12 December 1953 | |||
| File:Leon Kruczkowski Polish writer 1950.jpg | Leon Kruczkowski<ref name="BSE2E"/><ref name=RE53/> (1900–1962) |
Writer, Member of the Sejm (1947–1962) | Template:Flag | Awarded 12 December 1953 | ||
| File:Pablo Neruda 1963.jpg | Pablo Neruda<ref name="BSE2E"/><ref name=Tiempo80/><ref name=RE53/> (1904–1973) |
Poet, diplomat, Nobel laureate in Literature (1971) | Template:Flag | Awarded 12 December 1953 | ||
| File:Нина Васильевна Попова.jpg | Nina Popova<ref name="BSE2E"/><ref name=RE53/> (1908–1994) |
Politician, Secretary of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions (1945–1957) | Template:Flag | Awarded 12 December 1953 | ||
| File:Sahib Singh Sokhey 1948 Wellcome V0028080 (cropped).jpg | Sahib Singh Sokhey<ref name="BSE2E"/><ref name=RE53/> (1887–1971) |
Biochemist, Member of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Assistant Director General of the World Health Organization (1949–1952) | Template:Flag | Awarded 12 December 1953 | ||
| 1954 | André Bonnard<ref name=SP54>St. Petersburg Times – Dec 21, 1954</ref><ref name="BSE3E">Template:Cite book In some cases in GSE's 3rd edition the year is that, "in which" the Prize was awarded, in other cases – "for which". Hence, the year "1970" there seems to be the Prize "for 1969" or "for 1968–1969"</ref> (1888–1959) |
Scholar, writer, Professor at the University of Lausanne | Template:Flag | Awarded 18 December 1954 | ||
| File:Bertolt-Brecht.jpg | Bertolt Brecht<ref name=SP54/><ref name="BSE3E"/> (1898–1956) |
Playwright, poet, theatre director | Template:Flag (citizenship) Template:Flag (residence) |
Awarded 18 December 1954 | ||
| File:NicolásGuillén-1942.jpg | Nicolás Guillén<ref name=Tiempo80/><ref name=SP54/><ref name="BSE89">Template:Cite book</ref> (1902–1989) |
Poet | Template:Flag | Awarded 18 December 1954 | ||
| File:Felix-Iversen-1967.jpg | Felix Iversen<ref name=SP54/><ref name="BSE3E"/> (1887–1973) |
Mathematician, Professor at the University of Helsinki, Chairman of the Peace Union of Finland | Template:Flag | Awarded 18 December 1954 | ||
| File:Kodawmhine.jpg | Thakin Kodaw Hmaing<ref name=SP54/><ref name="BSE3E"/> (1876–1964) |
Poet | Template:Flag | Awarded 18 December 1954 | ||
| Alain Le Léap<ref name=SP54/> (1905–1986) |
Trade unionist, General Secretary of the General Confederation of Labour (1948–1957) | Template:Flag | Awarded 18 December 1954 | |||
| File:Prijono.jpg | Prijono<ref name=SP54/><ref name="BSE3E"/> (1907–1969) |
Academic, Dean of the Faculty of Letters of the University of Indonesia (1950–1956) | Template:Flag | Awarded 18 December 1954 | ||
| File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-B0708-0014-010, Oberstes Gericht, Globke-Prozess, Denis Nowell Pritt (cropped).jpg | Denis Pritt<ref name=SP54/><ref name="BSE58">Template:Cite book</ref> (1887–1972) |
Barrister, Labour Independent Group politician, Member of Parliament of the United Kingdom for Hammersmith North (1935–1950) | Template:Flag | Awarded 18 December 1954 | ||
| File:Sanín Cano, de Sancha, Nuevo Mundo, 08-10-1920 (cropped).jpg | Baldomero Sanín Cano<ref name=Tiempo80>El Tiempo – Jun 10, 1980</ref><ref name=SP54/> (1861–1957) |
Essayist, linguist, journalist | Template:Flag | Awarded 18 December 1954 | ||
| 1955 | File:Muhammad Ashmar, 1925.jpg | Muhammad al-Ashmar<ref name="Pravda55">О присуждении международных Сталинских премий "За укрепление мира между народами" за 1955 год. Pravda. Dec 21, 1955, page 1 [2]</ref><ref name=TB55>Toledo Blade – Dec 21, 1955</ref> (1892–1960) |
Rebel commander in Great Syrian Revolt and 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine, Syrian Communist Party politician | Template:Flag | Awarded 9 December 1955 | |
| File:Lázaro.Cárdenas.jpg | Lázaro Cárdenas<ref name="Pravda55"/><ref name=TB55/> (1895–1970) |
Mexican Army general, Institutional Revolutionary Party politician, President of Mexico (1934–1940) | Template:Flag | Awarded 9 December 1955 | ||
| Template:Ill<ref name="Pravda55"/><ref name=TB55/> (1894–1975) |
Priest, Chaplain of Oslo Cathedral (1947–1964) | Template:Flag | Awarded 9 December 1955 | |||
| File:Seki Akiko.JPG | Seki Akiko<ref name="Pravda55"/><ref name=TB55/> (1899–1973) |
Singer | Template:Flag | Awarded 9 December 1955 | ||
| File:Mr. Ton Duc Thang.jpg | Tôn Đức Thắng<ref name="Pravda55"/><ref name=TB55/> (1888–1980) |
Communist Party of Vietnam politician, Chairman of the National Assembly of North Vietnam (1955–1960), President of North Vietnam (1969–1976), President of Vietnam (1976–1980) | Template:Flag | Awarded 9 December 1955 | ||
| File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146III-105, Joseph Wirth.jpg | Karl Joseph Wirth<ref name="Pravda55"/><ref name=TB55/> (1879–1956) |
Bund der Deutschen politician, Chancellor of the Weimar Republic (1921–1922) | Template:Flag | Awarded 9 December 1955 | ||
| Unknown year (before 1953) | File:Fotothek df ps 0000061 Bildnisse - Porträts ^ Künstlerbildnisse - Künstlerporträ.jpg | Martin Andersen Nexø<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Writer | Template:Flag |
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Lenin Prize recipientsEdit
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See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- Thoughts on winning the Stalin Peace Prize by Paul Robeson
- On Receiving the Stalin Peace Award by Howard Fast
- Soviet Prize Medals pictures of the medals and accompanying certificates
- Template:In lang PDF-version of issue of Pravda with ukaz about creation of prize.