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}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#if:||{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox officeholder with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| regexp1 = 1blankname[%d]* | regexp2 = 1namedata[%d]* | regexp3 = 2blankname[%d]* | regexp4 = 2namedata[%d]* | regexp5 = 3blankname[%d]* | regexp6 = 3namedata[%d]* | regexp7 = 4blankname[%d]* | regexp8 = 4namedata[%d]* | regexp9 = 5blankname[%d]* | regexp10 = 5namedata[%d]* | allegiance | alma_mater | regexp11 = alongside[%d]* | alt | regexp12 = ambassador_from[%d]* | regexp13 = appointed[%d]* | regexp14 = appointer[%d]* | regexp15 = assembly[%d]* | awards | battles | battles_label | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | regexp16 = blank[%d]* | bodyclass | branch | branch_label | cabinet | candidate | caption | categories | regexp17 = chancellor[%d]* | children | citizenship | regexp18 = co%-leader[%d]* | commands | committees | regexp19 = constituency[%d]* | regexp20 = constituency_AM[%d]* | regexp21 = constituency_MP[%d]* | regexp22 = convocation[%d]* | regexp23 = country[%d]* | regexp24 = data[%d]* | date | death_cause | death_date | death_manner | death_place | demo | regexp25 = deputy[%d]* | regexp26 = district[%d]* | education | election_date | embed | father | regexp28 = firstminister[%d]* | footnotes | regexp29 = governor[%d]* | regexp30 = governor_general[%d]* | regexp31 = governor%-general[%d]* | height | honorific_prefix | honorific-prefix | honorific_suffix | honorific-suffix | image | image name | image_name_alt | image_size | imagesize | image_upright | incumbent | regexp32 = jr/sr[%d]* | regexp33 = jr/sr and state[%d]* | known_for | regexp34 = leader[%d]* | regexp35 = legislature[%d]* | regexp36 = lieutenant[%d]* | regexp37 = lieutenant_governor[%d]* | mainwidth | regexp38 = majority[%d]* | regexp39 = majority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp40 = majority_leader[%d]* | regexp41 = majorityleader[%d]* | mawards | regexp42 = military_blank[%d]* | regexp43 = military_data[%d]* | regexp44 = minister[%d]* | regexp45 = minister_from[%d]* | regexp46 = minority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp47 = minority_leader[%d]* | regexp48 = minorityleader[%d]* | regexp49 = module[%d]* | regexp50 = monarch[%d]* | mother | name | nationality | native_name | native_name_lang | nickname | nocat | regexp51 = nominator[%d]* | nominee | occupation | regexp52 = office[%d]* | opponent | regexp53 = order[%d]* | otherparty | parents | regexp54 = parliament[%d]* | regexp55 = parliamentarygroup[%d]* | partner | party | party_election | portfolio | regexp56 = preceded[%d]* | regexp57 = preceding[%d]* | regexp58 = predecessor[%d]* | regexp59 = premier[%d]* | regexp60 = president[%d]* | regexp61 = primeminister[%d]* | regexp62 = prior_term[%d]* | profession | pronunciation | rank | rank_label | relations | relatives | residence | resting_place | resting_place_coordinates | restingplace | restingplacecoordinates | regexp63 = riding[%d]* | runningmate | salary | serviceyears | serviceyears_label | signature | signature_alt | signature_size | smallimage | smallimage_alt | source | speaker | speaker_office | spouse | spouses | regexp64 = state[%d]* | regexp65 = state_assembly[%d]* | regexp66 = state_delegate[%d]* | regexp67 = state_house[%d]* | regexp68 = state_legislature[%d]* | regexp69 = state_senate[%d]* | regexp70 = status[%d]* | regexp71 = suboffice[%d]* | regexp72 = subterm[%d]* | regexp73 = succeeded[%d]* | regexp74 = succeeding[%d]* | regexp75 = successor[%d]* | regexp76 = taoiseach[%d]* | regexp77 = term[%d]* | regexp78 = term_end[%d]* | regexp79 = term_label[%d]* | regexp80 = term_start[%d]* | regexp81 = termend[%d]* | regexp82 = termlabel[%d]* | regexp83 = termstart[%d]* | regexp84 = title[%d]* | unit | unit_label | regexp85 = vicegovernor[%d]* | regexp86 = vicepremier[%d]* | regexp87 = vicepresident[%d]* | regexp88 = viceprimeminister[%d]* | regexp89 = assuming[%d]* | website | width | year }} Template:Anarcho-capitalism sidebarTemplate:Libertarianism USTemplate:Third-party Llewellyn Harrison Rockwell Jr. (born July 1, 1944) is an American author, editor, and political consultant. A libertarian and a self-professed anarcho-capitalist,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> he founded and is the chairman of the Mises Institute, a non-profit promoting the Austrian School of economics.
After graduating from university, Rockwell had jobs at the conservative Arlington House Publishers, the radical-right John Birch Society, and the traditionalist Hillsdale College.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":3" /> Reading the works of Murray Rothbard, who became his mentor, led Rockwell to become an ardent believer in Austrian economics and what he calls "libertarian anarchism". Rockwell was chief of staff to Congressman Ron Paul from 1978 to 1982, and was a founding officer and former vice president at Ron Paul & Associates, which published political and investment-oriented newsletters bearing Paul's name.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="ChickAWM" /> Racist and homophobic content in those newsletters became a controversy in Paul's later campaigns; Rockwell denied ghostwriting it but acknowledged a role in the promotion.<ref name=":4" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Rockwell partnered with Rothbard in 1982 to found the Mises Institute in Alabama, where Template:As of, Rockwell still serves as chairman.<ref name="mises.org">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Rockwell's website, LewRockwell.com, was launched in 1999. The website features articles about political philosophy, economics, and contemporary politics. The website's motto is "anti-war, anti-state, pro-market". Rockwell, his website and the Mises Institute have promoted neo-Confederate views.<ref name=":5">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Life and careerEdit
Rockwell was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1944. After college,Template:Specify Rockwell worked at Arlington House publishersTemplate:When and became acquainted with the works of Ludwig von Mises.<ref name="auto">Doherty, Brian. "Libertarianism and the Old Right" Template:Webarchive, Mises.org. 1999. Orig. published by SpintechMag.org. May 12, 1999.</ref>
A former lifetime member of the radical-right John Birch Society, Rockwell worked in its Member's Monthly Message Department before resigning amid disputes with the society's leaders.Template:When<ref name=":3">Template:Cite book</ref> In the mid-1970s, Rockwell worked at the traditionalist Hillsdale College in fundraising and public relations.<ref name="auto" /><ref name=":2" />
Rockwell met the anarcho-capitalist Murray Rothbard in 1975 and credits Rothbard with convincing him to abandon minarchism and reject the state completely.<ref name=":8" /><ref name="auto" /> In 1985, Rockwell was named a contributing editor to Conservative Digest.<ref>Berlet, Chip. The Write Stuff: U. S. Serial Print Culture from Conservatives out to Neonazis, Library Trends – Volume 56, Number 3, Winter 2008, pp. 570–600.</ref> Rockwell also served as Vice President of the Center for Libertarian Studies in Burlingame, California,Template:When which published the Rothbard-Rockwell Report.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Rockwell was closely associated with Rothbard until Rothbard's death in 1995.
Work for Ron Paul (1978–)Edit
Template:Further Rockwell was Ron Paul's congressional chief of staff from 1978 to 1982<ref>Berlau, John. Now playing right field – Rep. Ron Paul – Interview Template:Webarchive Insight on the News. February 10, 1997.</ref><ref>Hayes, Christopher, The Nation, Ron Paul's Roots Template:Webarchive, December 6, 2007, retrieved January 14, 2008</ref> and was a consultant to Paul's 1988 Libertarian Party campaign for President of the United States.<ref>"Campaign staffs announced", LPNEWS Template:Webarchive, May/June 1987, 10</ref> He was vice-chair of the exploratory committee for Paul's run for the 1992 Republican Party nomination for president.<ref>Burton Blumert, "Ron Paul for President Exploratory Committee" fundraising letter, October 1, 1991.</ref>
Ron Paul newslettersEdit
Rockwell was a founding officer and former vice president at Ron Paul & Associates,<ref name=Reason01-08>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which was one of the publishers of a variety of political and investment-oriented newsletters bearing Paul's name.<ref name=":1">The newsletters had various names: Dr. Ron Paul's Freedom Report (Template:OCLC), The Ron Paul Survival Report (Template:OCLC), the Ron Paul Investment Letter (Template:OCLC), and the Ron Paul Political Report (Template:OCLC).</ref><ref name= ChickAWM>Template:Cite news</ref>
In January 2008, during Ron Paul's 2008 presidential campaign, James Kirchick of The New Republic uncovered a collection of Ron Paul newsletters that contained "decades worth of obsession with conspiracies, sympathy for the right-wing militia movement, and deeply held bigotry against blacks, Jews, and gays."<ref name= ChickAWM/><ref name=Collection>Template:Cite magazine</ref> For instance, one issue approved of the slogan "Sodomy = Death" and said homosexuals suffering from HIV/AIDS "enjoy the pity and attention that comes with being sick".<ref name= ChickAWM/>
Most of the articles contained no bylines.<ref name= ChickAWM/> Numerous sources alleged that Rockwell had ghostwritten the controversial newsletters;<ref name=NYT2011>Jim Rutenberg and Serge F. Kovaleski, Paul Disowns Extremists’ Views but Doesn’t Disavow the Support Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, December 25, 2011.</ref> Rockwell is listed as "contributing editor" on physical copies of some newsletters<ref name = WashPost12-11>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and listed as sole Editor of the May 1988 "Ron Paul investment Newsletter".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Reason magazine reported that "a half-dozen longtime libertarian activists – including some still close to Paul" had identified Rockwell as the "chief ghostwriter" of the newsletters,<ref name=Reason01-08/> as did former Ron Paul Chief of Staff (1981–1985) John W. Robbins.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Rockwell admitted to Kirchick that he was "involved in the promotion" of the newsletters and wrote the subscription letters but denied ghostwriting the articles. He said there were "seven or eight freelancers involved at various stages" of the newsletter's history and indicated another individual who had "left in unfortunate circumstances" and "is now long gone", but whom he did not identify, was in charge of editing and publishing the newsletters.<ref name=":4">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Rockwell has described discussion of the newsletters scandal as "hysterical smears aimed at political enemies."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Ron Paul himself repudiated the newsletters' content and said he was not involved in the daily operations of the newsletters or saw much of their content until years later.<ref name=NYT2011/> In 2011, Paul's spokesperson Jesse Benton said that Paul had "taken moral responsibility because they appeared under his name and slipped through under his watch".<ref>Jackie Kucinich, Paul's story changes on racial comments Template:Webarchive, USA TODAY, December 21, 2011.</ref>
Mises Institute (1982–)Edit
Template:Further In 1982, Rockwell founded the Ludwig von Mises Institute in Auburn, Alabama, and is chairman of the board.<ref>About the Mises Institute page Template:Webarchive at Ludwig von Mises Institute Template:Webarchive website.</ref>
The Mises Institute published Rockwell's Speaking of Liberty, an anthology of editorials which were originally published on his website, along with transcripts from some of his speaking engagements. The institute hosted conferences on secession;<ref name=":5" /> Rockwell wrote before a 1995 conference, "We'll explore what causes [secession] and how to promote it."<ref name="ChickAWM" />
Paleolibertarianism (1980s–2000s)Edit
Template:Further Rothbard, Rockwell and others described their views as paleolibertarian to describe their cultural conservatism fused with their otherwise anti-statist beliefs.<ref name=":8">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr. "The Case for Paleo-libertarianism" in Liberty magazine, January 1990, 34–38.</ref> They forged a "paleo alliance" between paleolibertarians and paleoconservatives in the form of the John Randolph Club in 1989, which allied the Mises Institute and the paleoconservative Rockford Institute.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":122">Template:Cite journal</ref>
In a 2007 interview, Rockwell revealed he no longer considered himself a "paleolibertarian" and was "happy with the term libertarian." He explained "the term paleolibertarian became confused because of its association with paleoconservative, so it came to mean some sort of socially conservative libertarian, which wasn't the point at all..."<ref>Kenny Johnsson, Do You Consider Yourself a Libertarian? Template:Webarchive, interview with Lew Rockwell, May 25, 2007.</ref>
LewRockwell.com (1999–)Edit
Rockwell's website, LewRockwell.com, formed in 1999, features articles and blog entries by various columnists and writers.<ref name=":8" /> Its motto is "anti-war, anti-state, pro-market".<ref>About LewRockwell.com Template:Webarchive; Columnists Template:Webarchive listing; The LRC Blog Template:Webarchive at LewRockwell.com website.</ref> There also is a weekly podcast called The Lew Rockwell Show.<ref>Lew Rockwell Show Template:Webarchive.</ref> Template:As of, it was in the top 10,000 websites in the United States.<ref>Alexa analyctics for LewRockwell.com Template:Webarchive, accessed May 5, 2013.</ref> LewRockwell.com publishes articles questioning United States participation in World War II, opposing "economic fascism" and supporting Austrian economics and secessionism.<ref>For example: Rogers, Mike. "Dying For the Emperor? No Way." Template:Webarchive LewRockwell.com. October 12, 2005; Gonella, Jason. "The Decline and Fall of the United States Empire." Template:Webarchive LewRockwell.com. December 9, 2004; DiLorenzo, Thomas J. "Economic Fascism" LewRockwell.com. November 23, 2004.</ref>Template:Third-party inline The website is primarily home to right-libertarian authors, although left-wing anti-war writers have been featured.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Third-party inline The academic Tanni Haas wrote in his 2011 book on political bloggers that of the 20 figures he interviewed, "none have more radical views" than Rockwell, whose avowed goal was to "do everything he can to undermine the state".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Brian Doherty of Reason wrote that the site's "Mises Institute-associated writers" tend to emphasize the domestic and international fallout from government action.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Conservative writer Jonah Goldberg of National Review wrote that the site regularly hosts invective against icons of American mainstream conservatism, including National Review, The Weekly Standard, neoconservatives, and William F. Buckley Jr.<ref name=Goldberg>Template:Cite journal In this article, Goldberg was responding to criticisms of another article he had written about the website.</ref> A writer in The American Conservative described the site as paleolibertarian and "an indispensable source" of news on Ron Paul.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The site published InfoWars articles by the conspiracy theorist Paul Joseph Watson from 2011 to 2016.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The site has been criticized for presenting articles which advocate HIV/AIDS denialism, the view that HIV does not cause AIDS,<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book
- For the 2006 LRC conference, see: LewRockwell.com 2006 conference schedule Template:Webarchive
- For Harvey Bialy's LRC response to Farber, Celia (March 2006). "Out of Control: AIDS and the Corruption of Medical Science". Harper's, vol. 312, no. 1870, pp. 37–52, Template:OCLC; {{#if:0017-789X|Template:Catalog lookup link{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|Template:Error-small}}; see: "The US Government Responds to the 'AIDS Denialist' Writing in the March Harper’s"
- For Rebecca Culshaw's LRC article, see: "Why I Quit HIV" Template:Webarchive, LewRockwell.com, March 3, 2006.</ref> and the view that vaccines cause autism.<ref>Gorski, David (June 22, 2009). "Cranks, quacks, and peer-review." Template:Webarchive Science-based medicine. Author is Assistant Professor of Medicine (Surgery) at Wayne State University (holding an M.D. and Ph.D. in Cellular Biology from Case Western University)</ref>
Other activities and viewsEdit
Rockwell's paleolibertarian ideology, like Rothbard's in his later years, combines a right-libertarian theory of anarcho-capitalism based on natural rights with the cultural conservative values and concerns of paleoconservatism, and he identifies strongly with the modern Rothbardian tradition of Austrian economics. In politics, he advocates federalist or Anti-Federalist policies as means to achieve increasing degrees of freedom from central government and secession for the same political decentralist reasons. Rockwell has called environmentalism "an ideology as pitiless and Messianic as Marxism."<ref>Rockwell, L. H., Jr. (1990). "An anti-environmentalist manifesto." From The Right, Quarterly II, 1(6), 1. (newsletter of Patrick J. Buchanan), p. 1; Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr. Rockwell's Anti-Environmentalist Manifesto Template:Webarchive, May 1, 2000 version published by Lewrockwell.com</ref>Template:Npsn
Rockwell is Catholic.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:SPS
BooksEdit
AuthorEdit
- Speaking of Liberty (2003; online e-book) Template:ISBN
- The Left, The Right, and The State (2008; online e-book) Template:ISBN
- Against the State: An Anarcho-Capitalist Manifesto (2014) Template:ISBN
- Fascism vs. Capitalism (2013) Template:ISBN
- Against The Left: A Rothbardian Libertarianism (2019) Template:ISBN
EditorEdit
- Man, Economy, and Liberty: Essays in Honor of Murray N. Rothbard (with Walter Block) (1986; online e-book) Template:ISBN
- The Free Market Reader (1988; online e-book)Template:ISBN
- The Economics of Liberty (1990; online e-book) Template:ISBN
- The Gold Standard: Perspectives in the Austrian School (1992; online e-book), Template:ISBN
- Murray N. Rothbard: In Memoriam (1995; online e-book) Template:ISBN
- The Irrepressible Rothbard (2000; online e-book – Rockwell's introduction) Template:ISBN
Further readingEdit
- Goldberg, Jonah. "Farewell, Lew Rockwell: The final word." National Review Online. March 7, 2001.
See alsoEdit
- Anarcho-capitalism
- Hans-Hermann Hoppe
- Libertarianism in the United States
- Ludwig von Mises
- Milton Friedman
- Mises Institute
- Ron Paul
- Thomas Sowell
- Tom Woods
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- Template:Official
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