Ligier
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Ligier ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is a French automobile and minibus maker created by former racing driver and rugby player Guy Ligier (1930–2015), specialized in the manufacturing of microcars. Ligier is best known for its involvement in the Formula 1 World Championship between 1976 and 1996.
In collaboration with Automobiles Martini, the Ligier-Martini entity offered sports prototypes used in endurance or hillclimbing (CN). After the announcement of the creation of the new category LMP3 by the ACO, Ligier and Martini associated with Onroak Automotive (the manufacturer department of OAK Racing) to offer a full range of prototypes (CN, LMP3, LMP1 and LMP2).
HistoryEdit
The firm entered the automobile business with the Ligier JS2, a mid-engined sports car for the road initially powered by a Ford V6 and from 1971 by the same Maserati V6 engine as the Citroën SM. The Ligier motorcars were all designated with the prefix "JS" in honour of Ligier's friend and cohort Jo Schlesser who was killed in the 1968 French Grand Prix while driving for Honda. The final SMs were also produced in the Ligier factory in Vichy.<ref name=Cnet1>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The 1973 energy crisis caused such a decline in the market for the JS2 that production ceased soon after, and the firm changed its focus to microcars, beginning with the 1980 moped-powered Ligier JS4.
One of the world's first experimental prototypes of automatic parallel parking was developed on a Ligier electric car at INRIA in the mid-1990s.<ref name=Paromtchik-ICRA-1998> Template:Cite conferenceTemplate:Cbignore </ref>
In September 2008, Ligier Automobiles completed its acquisition of Beneteau Group's Microcar division, with financing provided by 21 Investimenti Partners. Phillipe Ligier, son of the company's founder, remains as CEO. The Ligier and Microcar brands are to retain their separate identities and manufacturing facilities. The merger creates Europe's second largest microcar manufacturer (after Daimler's Smart unit, if one considers that a microcar), and largest manufacturer of drivers license-exempt vehicles.
In 2011, Ligier launched the Duè brand, intended to market lightweight quadricycles at a low price with a low-cost philosophy. The first model was the Dué First, which was essentially a revised version of the previous Microcar MC1 with simplified design and features to lower the price.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> After just two years, the Duè brand was integrated into the Microcar range, another brand of the Ligier Group, and the Microcar Dué, a specific and new model, was launched.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In August 2018, Ligier teased a new road-going sports car to celebrate their 50th anniversary. The car will be built in collaboration with Onroak. It will feature a 3.7 liter V6 producing approximately 330 hp, and a 6-speed manual transmission. It will be homologated to FIA E II-SH regulation. More details are to be released in September 2018, and it is expected to go on sale in November 2018 at a price of €89,000.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Update inline
In 2023, Ligier launched its first electric quadricycle, named Myli.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In January 2025, Ligier announced the closure of the Montaigu-Vendée factory, concentrating all production at the Abrest (historic headquarters) plant.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ModelsEdit
The Ligier model line currently consists of the JS50 line of mini cars, the X-Pro line of small commercial vehicles, and the Be Up/Be Two line of open-air, roadster-type vehicles. The company also produces a line of quad bikes and off-road utility vehicles sold as the Be Pro, Be Four, and Be Truck.
The JS50, Ixo, Xtoo, Nova or Ambra are about two and a half meters long and have two seats. They are front-engined. Power units include two 2-cylinder four-stroke diesels of about half a liter displacement and feature a CVT for power transfer.
EZ10Edit
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The Ligier vehicle that's gained the most attention, is EZ10 EasyMile, a self-driving shuttle bus for light city transit. EasyMile SAS develops and markets the autonomous vehicles, and is a joint venture formed in June 2014 by Ligier and Robosoft Technology PTE Ltd (France).<ref name="Ligier.fr">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="ec.europa.eu">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="CityMobil2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The joint venture is the result of the CityMobil2 project co-funded by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research and technological development (FP7).<ref name="ec.europa.eu"/><ref name="CityMobil2"/>
One EZ10 minibus can take between 8–10 passengers,<ref name="Ligier.fr"/><ref name="ERR">Template:Cite news</ref> and its speed is up to Template:Cvt. In 2017, EZ-10 was introduced on the grounds of National Taiwan University in Taipei, and in Tallinn, Estonia.
In conjunction with Estonia's presidency of the EU Council, the minibus was presented in Tallinn on 14 July 2017 by EasyMile, and the tech companies in Estonia that co-financed the month-and-a-half-long project to bring the shuttle bus to the country. The buses will serve one line, including a stretch of tram line under reconstruction, and will run in Tallinn until the end of August.<ref name="Postimees">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="ERR"/>
MicrocarsEdit
- Ligier JS4 (1980–1987)
- Ligier Optima (1987–1995)
- Ligier 162 (1995–2002)
- Ligier Ambra (2001–2011)
- Ligier Nova (2002–present)
- Ligier Be Up (2000–present)
- Ligier X-Too (2004–2010)<ref name="auto1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- Ligier IXO (2010–2014)<ref name="auto1"/>
- Ligier JS RC (2012–2016)
- Ligier JS 50 (2012–present)
- Ligier JS 60 (2020–present)
- Ligier Pulse 3 (2014–present)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- Ligier Pulse 4 (2013–present)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- Ligier Myli (2023–present)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- 1980LigierJS4.jpg
Ligier JS4 (1980)
- Ligier Ambra (28053930425).jpg
Ligier Ambra
- Ligier Nova 01.jpg
Ligier Nova
- Ligier Be Up.jpg
Ligier Be Up
- Ligier X-Too Microcar.jpg
Ligier X-Too
- Ligier JS50L (MSP15).JPG
Ligier JS50
- Ligier JS60.jpg
Ligier JS60
- Trois-roues électrique Ligier pour La Poste.jpg
Ligier Staby used by the French post office
Ligier in motorsportEdit
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Ligier is best known for its Formula One team, Équipe Ligier, that operated from Template:F1 to Template:F1. Ligier entered Formula One in Template:F1 with a Matra V12-powered car, winning its first Grand Prix with Jacques Laffite in Template:F1.
Ligier also competed in the 24 Hours of Le Mans from Template:24hLM to Template:24hLM.
GalleryEdit
- Ligier JS2 vl red.jpg
Ligier JS2
- 1975LigierJS2FordCosworthDFV.jpg
Ligier JS2
- Jeremie Dufour British F3 1995 Silverstone.jpg
Ligier Junior Team (Jérémie Dufour, British Formula Three Championship, 1995)
- Ligier X-Too Microcar.jpg
Ligier X-Too Microcar
- Ligier Dué First - April 2015.jpg
Ligier Dué First (2015)
- Ligier.png
Experimental prototype capable of self-parking<ref name=Paromtchik-ICRA-1998/>
- Michael Shank Racing - Ligier JS P2-Honda -49 (27802320135).jpg
Ligier JS P2
- Ligier JSP217 - Gibson - Team United Motorsport - 24 Hours of Le Mans 2018.jpg
Ligier JS P217