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LīhuTemplate:Okinae ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is an unincorporated community, census-designated place (CDP) and the county seat of Kauai County, Hawaii, United States. LīhuTemplate:Okinae is the second-largest town on the Hawaiian island of [[Kauai|KauaTemplate:Okinai]], following [[Kapaa, Hawaii|KapaTemplate:Okinaa]]. As of the 2010 census, the CDP had a population of 6,455,<ref name="Census 2010">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref> up from 5,694 at the 2000 census.
HistoryEdit
In ancient times, LīhuTemplate:Okinae was a small village. LīhuTemplate:Okinae means "cold chill" in the Hawaiian language.<ref>Template:Hawaiian Dictionaries</ref><ref>Template:Hawaiian Dictionaries</ref> LīhuTemplate:Okinae is in the ancient district of Puna, the southeastern coast of the island, and the land division ([[ahupuaa|ahupuaTemplate:Okinaa]]) of Kalapaki.<ref>Template:Hawaiian Dictionaries</ref> Royal Governor [[Kaikioewa|KaikioTemplate:Okinaewa]] officially made it his governing seat in 1837, moving it from Waimea;<ref name="Lihue">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> he named the town after land he owned on Oahu by the same name.
With the emergence of the sugar industry in the 1800s, LīhuTemplate:Okinae became the central city of the island with the construction of a large sugar mill. Early investors were Henry A. Peirce, Charles Reed Bishop and William Little Lee. The plantation struggled until William Harrison Rice built the first irrigation system in 1856.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Subsequent plantation owner Paul Isenberg helped German people emigrate to LīhuTemplate:Okinae starting in 1881, with the first Lutheran church in Hawaii founded in 1883.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Services were held in German well into the 1960s. By the 1930s, George Norton Wilcox became one of the largest sugarcane plantation owners, buying Grove Farm from Hermann A. Widemann.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Wilcox family home, Kilohana, has been converted into a restaurant and gift shop. The surrounding plantation now grows crops and livestock. A narrow-gauge tourist railroad with vintage diesel locomotives from Whitworth and General Electric offers tours of the plantation; horse-drawn carriage tours are offered as well. The grounds are also the site of luaus, many of which are offshore excursions booked through NCL America. LīhuTemplate:Okinae also houses the Kauai Museum, which details the history of Kauai.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Geography and climateEdit
LīhuTemplate:Okinae is on the eastern side of the island of Kauai, bordered by Hanamaulu to the north and Puhi to the west. Its shorefront on the Kauai Channel of the Pacific Ocean extends from Hanamaulu Bay in the north to the larger Nawiliwili Bay to the south. Hawaii Route 50 leads west from LīhuTemplate:Okinae Template:Convert to Kalaheo and beyond to the western side of the island, while Hawaii Route 56 leads north Template:Convert to Kapaa and onwards to the northern side of the island.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the LīhuTemplate:Okinae CDP has an area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert, or 10.42%, is water.<ref name="Census 2010"/>
LīhuTemplate:Okinae has a tropical wet and dry climate zone (Köppen classification As) with a relatively dry summer season.<ref name = koppen>Template:Cite journal</ref> The normal monthly mean temperature ranges from Template:Convert in February to Template:Convert in August. On average, there are 7.7 nights annually with a low below Template:Convert, and readings of Template:Convert or higher are quite rare, occurring on average once every eight years. Temperature records range from Template:Convert on January 14, 1930 up to only Template:Convert as recently as September 4–8, 2019. The record cool daily maximum is Template:Convert as recently as December 19, 1981, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is Template:Convert as recently as September 7–9, 2019.<ref name= NOAA/>
Normal annual rainfall is Template:Convert spread over an average 195 days, but observed annual rainfall has ranged from Template:Convert in 1983 and 1982, respectively. The wettest month on record is March 2006 with Template:Convert, while the most rain to occur in a single calendar day is Template:Convert on May 13, 1940. The record driest month is February 1983 with trace amounts.<ref name= NOAA/>
DemographicsEdit
As of the census<ref name="GR2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> of 2000, there were 5,694 people, 2,178 households, and 1,420 families residing in the CDP. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 2,399 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the CDP was 22.8% White, 49.2% Asian, 0.2% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 6.4% Pacific Islander, 0.7% from other races, and 20.5% from two or more races. 6.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 2,178 households, out of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were non-families. 29.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.16.
In the CDP the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 22.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.6 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $44,906, and the median income for a family was $56,875 in 2000. Males had a median income of $38,713 versus $28,032 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,619. 4.6% of the population and 1.7% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 1.4% of those under the age of 18 and 7.3% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
TransportationEdit
LīhuTemplate:Okinae is served by Lihue Airport, in the eastern part of the community.<ref>"Lihue CDP, Hawaii Template:Webarchive." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on May 21, 2009.</ref> Kauai's main seaport is at Nāwiliwili Bay, directly southeast of town. LīhuTemplate:Okinae is also served by [[The Kauai Bus|The KauaTemplate:Okinai Bus]], a public bus system serving the entire island.
FacilitiesEdit
The town is home to the county administration building; Kauai's largest shopping center, Kukui Grove Center, which houses the island's only big department store and several big-box stores. There are also several car dealerships and restaurants.
EducationEdit
LīhuTemplate:Okinae is home to Kauai Community College, part of the University of Hawaii system.
LīhuTemplate:Okinae is also served by the Hawaii Department of Education. Two K-5 elementary schools, Wilcox Elementary School in LīhuTemplate:Okinae and Kaumualii Elementary School in downtown Hanamaulu serve the area. All of the area is zoned to Kamakahelei Middle School and Kauai High School.
Island School, a private pre-kindergarten to 12 school, is also located in LīhuTemplate:Okinae.
Notable peopleEdit
- Bethany Hamilton (b. 1990) surfer
- Eric Shinseki, (b. 1942) retired United States Army general who served as 34th chief of staff of the Army and the seventh U.S. secretary of veterans affairs.
- Robert Yasuda (b. 1940) American abstract painter<ref name="STG14">Sundaram Tagore Gallery. DUO: Judith Murray: and Robert Yasuda, New York/Singapore: Sundaram Tagore, 2014.</ref>
- Kirby Yates (b. 1987) Major League Baseball pitcher
- Tyler Yates (b. 1977) former Major League Baseball pitcher
NotesEdit
ReferencesEdit
Template:Reflist Template:Sister project
Template:US state navigation box Template:Kauai County, Hawaii Template:Hawaii county seat Template:Authority control