Lilith (computer)
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox information applianceThe DISER Lilith is a custom built workstation computer based on the Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) 2901 bit slicing processor, created by a group led by Niklaus Wirth at ETH Zurich.<ref name="Byte8-84">Template:Cite magazine Reprint.</ref><ref name="Byte9-84">Template:Cite magazine Reprint.</ref> The project began in 1977, and by 1984 several hundred workstations were in use. It has a high resolution full page portrait oriented cathode-ray tube display, a mouse, a laser printer interface, and a computer networking interface. Its software is written fully in Modula-2 and includes a relational database program named Lidas.
The Lilith processor architecture is a stack machine.<ref name="Byte8-84"/> Citing from Sven Erik Knudsen's contribution to "The Art of Simplicity": "Lilith's clock speed was around 7 MHz and enabled Lilith to execute between 1 and 2 million instructions (called M-code) per second. (...) Initially, the main memory was planned to have 65,536 16-bit words memory, but soon after its first version, it was enlarged to twice that capacity. For regular Modula-2 programs however, only the initial 65,536 words were usable for storage of variables."<ref>Template:Cite book Template:ISBN & dpunkt, Template:ISBN.</ref>
HistoryEdit
The development of Lilith was influenced by the Xerox Alto from the Xerox PARC (1973) where Niklaus Wirth spent a sabbatical from 1976 to 1977. Unable to bring back one of the Alto systems to Europe, Wirth decided to build a new system from scratch between 1978 and 1980, selling it under the company name DISER (Data Image Sound Processor and Emitter Receiver System).<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> In 1985, he had a second sabbatical leave to PARC, which led to the design of the Oberon System. Ceres, the follow-up to Lilith, was released in 1987.
Operating systemEdit
Template:Infobox OS The Lilith operating system (OS), named Medos-2, was developed at ETH Zurich, by Svend Erik Knudsen with advice from Wirth. It is a single user, object-oriented operating system built from modules of Modula-2.<ref name="Byte9-84"/><ref> Template:Cite thesis</ref><ref> Template:Cite book Template:ISBN & dpunkt, Template:ISBN.</ref>
Its design influenced the design of the OS Excelsior, developed for the Soviet Kronos workstation (see below), by the Kronos Research Group (KRG).<ref name="Kronos-Excelsior">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Soviet variantsEdit
From 1986 into the early 1990s, Soviet Union technologists created and produced a line of printed circuit board systems, and workstations based on them, all named Kronos. The workstations were based on Lilith, and made in small numbers.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
MouseEdit
The computer mouse of the Lilith was custom-designed, and later used with the Smaky computers. It then inspired the first mice produced by Logitech.
GalleryEdit
- Diser Lilith-IMG 1729.jpg
The vertical screen, keyboard and mouse of the Diser Lilith
- Lilith-IMG 7326.jpg
Vertical tower central unit
- Lilith-Internal-View.jpg
Internal view of the Lilith, showcasing the CPU boards
- Lilith-Front-View.jpg
Front view of the Lilith workstation
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ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- Documentation on BitSavers
- Geissman, L et al. (August 1982) Lilith Handbook
- Wirth, N (1981) The Personal Computer Lilith
- Emulith emulator for the Lilith, homepage and documentation
- Lilith and Modula-2
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