Incubator escapee wiki

List of German Jews

Article Discussion

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates The first Jewish population in the region to be later known as Germany came with the Romans to the city now known as Cologne. A "Golden Age" in the first millennium saw the emergence of the Ashkenazi Jews, while the persecution and expulsion that followed the Crusades led to the creation of Yiddish and an overall shift eastwards. A change of status in the late Renaissance Era, combined with the Jewish Enlightenment, the Haskalah, meant that by the 1920s Germany had one of the most integrated Jewish populations in Europe, contributing prominently to German culture and society. During The Holocaust many Jews fled Germany to other countries for refuge, and the majority of the remaining population were killed.

The following is a list of some famous Jews (by religion or descent) from Germany proper.

Historical figuresEdit

PoliticiansEdit

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  • Kurt Eisner, Bavarian prime minister<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Clement Freud, German-born British MP<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Ludwig Landmann, mayor of Frankfurt/Main<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Eduard Lasker, co-founder of the National Liberal Party<ref>Eduard Lasker: Ein Leben für den Rechtsstaat by Adolf Laufs, German Studies Review, Vol. 9, No. 3. (Oct., 1986), pp. 651–652</ref>
  • Eugen Leviné, Bavarian prime minister<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Jutta Oesterle-Schwerin, Member of parliament, Green party, Feminist party<ref>Germany's Greens and Israel: "The Theme is too Much" by Diana Johnstone, MERIP Middle East Report, No. 149, Human Rights in the Middle East. (Nov-Dec 1987), pp. 44–45</ref>
  • Eduard von Simson, President of the Reichstag, President of the Reichsgericht<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Walther Rathenau, Foreign Minister of the Weimar Republic<ref>Walther Rathenau: Industrialist, Banker, Intellectual, and Politician; Notes and Diaries 1907–1922 by Von Strandmann</ref>
  • Herbert Weichmann, Mayor of Hamburg 1965–1971, president of the German Bundesrat (Federal upper house)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Walter Wolfgang, German-born politician<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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ActivistsEdit

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  • Nahum Goldmann, president of World Jewish Congress<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Religious figuresEdit

RabbisEdit

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ReformEdit

  • Levi Herzfeld, 19th-century proponent of moderate reform <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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OtherEdit

Scientific figuresEdit

Natural scientistsEdit

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  • Heinrich Caro, industrial chemist<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • James Franck, quantum physics, Nobel Prize (1925)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Adolph Frank, industrial chemist<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Leonor Michaelis, biochemist<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
  • Albert A. Michelson, measured speed of light, Nobel Prize (1907) (Jewish father)<ref>The master of light;: A biography of Albert A. Michelson by Dorothy Michelson Livingston, 1973</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Ludwig Mond, chemist and industrialist<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Sir Rudolf Peierls, solid state theory<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Arno Penzias, co-discoverer of CMB, Nobel Prize (1978)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Ernst Pringsheim, spectrometry, black-body radiation<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Otto Stern, experimental physicist, Nobel Prize (1943)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Wilhelm Traube, chemist, caffeine/purine synthesis
  • Otto Wallach, chemist, Nobel Prize (1910) (converted to Christianity)<ref>British Jewish Year Book 2005 p. 215 (list of Jewish Nobel Prize winners); Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. "Wallach, Otto"; [1]; however, Otto Wallach 1847–1931. Chemiker und Nobelpreisträger by Gunther Beer, Pg 11 disagrees</ref>
  • Richard Willstätter, chemist, Nobel Prize (1915)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Physicians and medical researchersEdit

  • Adolph Baginsky, pediatrician, diphtheria researcher<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Gustav Born, professor of pharmacology<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Ferdinand Cohn, pioneer in microbiology<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Sir Bernard Katz, biophysicist, Nobel Prize (1970)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Hans Kornberg, biochemist researcher<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Sir Hans Adolf Krebs, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1953)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Rudolph Lennhoff, developed the open air cure for tuberculosis<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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MathematiciansEdit

  • Felix Bernstein, set theory (converted to Christianity)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Max Dehn, topology<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Paul Epstein, number theory<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Heinz Hopf, topology (Jewish father)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Kurt Mahler, mathematician<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Hermann Minkowski, geometrical theory of numbers<ref>Contemporary Authors V 162 By Rooney, Scot Peacock, p. 169</ref>
  • Claus Moser, statistician<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Emmy Noether, algebra and theoretical physics<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Richard Rado, combinatorics<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Issai Schur, mathematician<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Technical scientistsEdit

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  • Emanuel Goldberg (1881–1970, from Russia, but published in German), pioneered Microdots and microfilm retrieval technology<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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PsychologistsEdit

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  • Erich Fromm, psychologist and humanistic philosopher<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Kurt Goldstein, Gestalt-influenced neurologist<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Academic figuresEdit

PhilosophersEdit

  • Theodor Adorno (1903–1969), philosopher (Jewish father)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Hannah Arendt, political philosopher<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Leo Strauss, political philosopher<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Ernst Bloch, philosopher<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Max Horkheimer (1895–1973), philosopher and sociologist<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Edmund Husserl, philosopher (converted to Christianity)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Fritz Mauthner, author and philosopher<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Helmuth Plessner, philosopher (Jewish father)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Hans Reichenbach, philosopher (Jewish father)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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EconomistsEdit

  • Robert Aumann, Nobel Prize for Economics<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Richard Ehrenberg, economist (converted to Christianity)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Rosa Luxemburg, economist, co-founder of the KPD<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Peretz Naftali, economist, editor, later Israeli finance minister<ref>Riemer, Yehuda. Fritz Peretz Naphtali, A Social Democrat in Two Worlds. Hassifriya Haziyonit, Jerusalem 1996</ref>
  • Sigbert Prais, economist (JYB 2005 p. 215)
  • Reinhard Selten, Nobel prize<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Social ScientistsEdit

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  • Franz Boas, cultural anthropologist<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Moses Hess, socialist<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Karl Marx, founder of Marxism (parents converted to Protestantism)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Georg Simmel, sociologist<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Georg Steindorff, Egyptologist (Jewish father)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Jacob Taubes, theologist<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Louis Wirth, sociologist<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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HistoriansEdit

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  • Colin Eisler, art historian<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Golo Mann, historian (Jewish mother)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Erwin Panofsky, art historian
  • Otto Rahn, historian of legends about the holy grail<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Fritz Stern, historian<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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JuristsEdit

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  • Victor Ehrenberg, jurist (converted to Christianity)<ref>Personal Memoirs by Victor Ehrenberg, Privately Published, 1971</ref>
  • Eugen Ehrlich (converted to Christianity)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Eduard Gans (converted to Christianity)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Hugo Haase, jurist<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Georg Jellinek (converted to Christianity)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Ernst Levy, jurist<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Linguists and philologistsEdit

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EducationalistsEdit

EntertainmentEdit

ShowbusinessEdit

  • Hugo Egon Balder, comedian, producer (Jewish mother)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Mark Bellinghaus, actor, artist, writer, activist (Jewish mother)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Ernst Dohm, actor, editor<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • E.A. Dupont, director<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Kurt Gerron, stage actor and film director<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Dora Gerson, actress, cabaret singer<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Lou Jacobs, clown<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Robert Lembke, journalist and well-known TV show host (Jewish father)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Jeanine Meerapfel, film director and screenwriter<ref>Plotkin, Janis. "Filmmakers, Independent European." Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia. 1 March 2009. Jewish Women's Archive.[2]. Accessed June 17, 2012.</ref>
  • Max Ophüls, film director<ref>Vincent Brook, Driven to Darkness: Jewish Emigré Directors and the Rise of Film Noir, Rutgers University Press, 2009, p. 1.</ref>
  • Richard Oswald, director<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Luise Rainer, actress
  • Hans Rosenthal, one of Germany's most popular TV personalities in history<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Konrad Wolf, film director<ref>Remembering History: The Filmmaker Konrad Wolf by Marc Silberman, New German Critique, No. 49, Special Issue on Alexander Kluge. (Winter, 1990), pp. 163–191</ref>
  • Peter Zadek, theatre director<ref>Theatre Reviews: Opposites by Wilhelm Hortmann, Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 4. (Winter, 1982), pp. 513–515</ref>

MusiciansEdit

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  • Tzvi Avni, composer<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Herman Berlinski, American composer, organist, pianist, musicologist and choir conductor<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Wolf Biermann, singer/songwriter (Jewish father)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Manfred Bukofzer, musicologist<ref name=autogenerated2>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Alfred Einstein, musicologist<ref>Alfred Einstein on Music: Selected Music Criticisms by Catherine Dower</ref>
  • Hanns Eisler, German-born composer (Jewish father)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Lukas Foss, composer and conductor<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Nina Hagen, German-Jewish origin from her father's side, Punk Rock Singer, she was considered an opera prodigy by the time she was nine. Her paternal grandfather died in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.
  • George Henschel, singer and conductor<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
  • Alfred Hertz, conductor<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Leon Jessel, composer<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Robert Kahn, composer<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Felix Mendelssohn, composer and conductor (Jewish ancestry but raised Lutheran)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Erich Walter Sternberg, composer<ref>Music in the Jewish Community of Palestine 1880–1948: A Social History by Jehoash Hirshberg</ref>
  • Josef Tal, composer<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Ilia Trilling, synagogue composer<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Bruno Walter, conductor (Jewish father)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Franz Waxman, film composer<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Kurt Weill, composer<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Indira Weiss, singer and actress<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Hilde Zadek, soprano<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Aron Liedtke, music producer<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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ArtistsEdit

  • Anni Albers, textile designer<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Eva Hesse, materials artist<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Erich Kahn, painter, expressionist<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Peter Max, pop artist<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Alice Michaelis, painter<ref name="Benezit-2011">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Helmut Newton, photographer (Jewish father)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Else Oppler-Legband, architect, interior designer, fashion designer, and stylist<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Erich Salomon, news photographer<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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OtherEdit

  • Josef Ganz, car designer<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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WritersEdit

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  • Julius Bab, dramatist and theater critic<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Hubert Fichte, author (Jewish father)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Heinrich Heine, poet<ref>"Heinrich Heine, 'Blackguard' and 'Apostate': A Study of the Earliest Attitude Towards Him" by Sol Liptzin</ref> (converted to Protestantism for job prospects)
  • Stefan Heym, novelist, politician<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Heinrich Eduard Jacob, writer and journalist<ref>The Gabriele Killert and Richard Schroetter: Obligation destruction fixes. The forgotten Jewish writer Heinrich Eduard Jacob; in: "new inhabitants of zurich newspaper" (boarding school Expenditure), NR. 78. Zurich, 5./6. April 1997, S. 50.</ref>
  • Siegfried Jacobsohn, journalist and theater critic<ref name="auto1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Emil Ludwig, writer<ref>"Emil Ludwig, Famous Biographer, Calls on Jews to Answer Hitler 'in Own Terms'", The Sentinel (Chicago), 13 August 1936, p. 36.</ref><ref>Harry Hansen, "Ludwig, Emil," Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 7, New York: Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, Inc., 1942, p. 231.</ref>
  • Gila Lustiger, author<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Erika Mann, writer, actress (Jewish mother)<ref name=autogenerated5 />
  • Klaus Mann, writer (Jewish mother)<ref name=autogenerated5 />
  • Monika Mann, writer (Jewish mother)<ref name=autogenerated5 />
  • Liselotte Marshall, novelist<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Henning Pawel, children's author, writer<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Kurt Tucholsky, writer (converted to Protestantism)<ref name="auto">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Carl Zuckmayer, playwright (Jewish mother)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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EntrepreneursEdit

See also Court Jews
  • Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744–1812), "founding father of international finance"<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
  • Alfred Beit, financier<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
  • Sir Ernest Cassel, banker<ref>K. Grunwald, 'Windsor Cassel: the last court Jew', Yearbook of the Leo Baeck Institute, 14 (1969), 119–61</ref>
  • Maurice de Hirsch, banker<ref>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "born on 9 December 1831 in Munich ... His grandfather Jacob had established the family as one of the first Jewish families to acquire great wealth and social acceptability in Bavaria ... His mother came from an Orthodox Frankfurt family and ensured that the children were properly instructed in Jewish matters."</ref>
  • Sir Robert Mayer, German-born businessman and philanthropist<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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SportsEdit

File:Gottfried Fuchs.jpg
Gottfried Fuchs
  • Alon Abelski, football player
  • Rudi Ball, ice hockey player, right wing, Olympic bronze, world runner-up, bronze<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Hans Berliner, world postal chess champion<ref name=autogenerated4>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Gottfried Fuchs, soccer player, (German national team)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Henry Laskau, racewalker, won 42 national titles; Pan American champion; 4x Maccabiah champion
  • Helene Mayer, foil fencer (Jewish father), Olympic champion<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Sarah Poewe, swimmer (Jewish mother), Olympic bronze (4x100 medley relay)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Ellen Preis (Ellen Müller-Preis) (1912–2007), German-born Austrian Olympic champion foil fencer
  • Daniel Prenn, tennis player, highest world ranking # 6<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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MilitaryEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

LiteratureEdit

  • Walter Tetzlaff, ed. "2000 Kurzbiographien bedeutender deutscher Juden des 20. Jahrhunderts" (Lindhorst: Askania, 1982).

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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Template:Lists of Jews by country

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