List of Soviet and Russian submarine classes

Template:Short description Template:Refimprove Submarines of the Soviet Navy were developed by numbered "projects", which were sometimes but not always given names. During the Cold War, NATO nations referred to these classes by NATO reporting names, based on intelligence data, which did not always correspond with the projects. See:

• List of NATO reporting names for ballistic missile submarines
• List of NATO reporting names for guided missile submarines
• List of NATO reporting names for hunter-killer and experimental submarines

The NATO reporting names were based on the British (and later American) habit of naming submarines with a letter of the alphabet indicating the class, followed by a serial number of that class. The names are the radiotelephonic alphabet call sign of a letter of the alphabet. For security purposes, the "pennant numbers" of Soviet submarines were not sequential, any more than those of Soviet surface vessels were.

Most Russian (and Soviet) submarines had no "personal" name, but were only known by a number, prefixed by letters identifying the boat's type at a higher level than her class. Those letters included:

• К (K): крейсерская (kreyserskaya, "cruiser")
• ТК (TK): тяжёлая крейсерская (tyazholaya kreyserskaya, "heavy cruiser")
• Б (B): большая (bolshaya, "large")
• С (S): средняя (srednyaya, "medium")
• М (M): малая (malaya, "small")

Any of those prefixes could have С (S) added to the end, standing for специальная (spetsialnaya) and meaning "designed for special missions":

• New weapon, engines and armament testing
• Submarines for long-range radio communications
• Target submarines for anti-submarine training
• Rescue service submarines
• Covert operations

Diesel-electric

Russo-Japanese War

• Template:Ship
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• Template:Ship single unit/one off unit (class of its own)<ref>Showell, p. 22, 23, 29</ref>
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World War I era

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• Narval-class submarine
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• Amerikansky Golland (Holland 602GF/602L type)
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World War II era

Project	Series	Image	Built	Assignment
Template:Sclass	Series I	File:Shadowgraph Dekabrist class I series submarine mod.svg	6	large positional submarine
Template:Sclass	Series II, XI, XIII, XIII-1938	File:Shadowgraph Leninets class II series submarine.svg	25	Minelayers
Template:Sclass	Series III, V, V-bis, V-bis-2, X, X-1938	File:Shadowgraph Schuka class III series submarine 01.svg	86	Medium-sized patrol submarines.
Template:Sclass	Serie IV	File:Shadowgraph Pravda class IV series submarine.svg	3	Squadron submarines.
Malyutka-class submarine	Series VI, VI-bis, XII, XV	File:Shadowgraph Malyutka class VI series submarine.svg File:Shadowgraph Malyutka class VI-bis series submarine.svg File:Shadowgraph Malyutka class XII series submarine.svg File:Shadowgraph Malyutka class XV series submarine.svg	110	Small submarines for coastal patrols.
S-class submarine	Series IX, IX-bis	File:Shadowgraph S-1 IX series submarine.svgFile:Shadowgraph S-56 submarine.svg	41	Medium submarines, built using German project (early version of Type IX).
K-class submarine	Serie XIV	File:Shadowgraph Kreiserskaya class submarine.svg	11	Cruiser submarines with combined arms.
TS-class submarine		File:Rechinul and Marsuinul.jpg	3	Former submarines of the Royal Romanian Navy: Rechinul (TS-1), Marsuinul (TS-2) and Delfinul (TS-3)

Post-World War II era

Attack submarines

Project	NATO reporting name	Silhouette/Image	Built	Assignment
611	Zulu class	File:Zulu II class SS.svg	26	Large oceanic submarines
613	Whiskey class	File:Whiskey V class SS.svg	215	Medium multi-purpose submarines
615	Quebec class	File:Quebec class SS.svg	30	Small submarines with full-diesel propulsion
617	Whale class	File:Whale class SS.svg	1	Experimental submarines which had a Walter engine fuelled by high test peroxide (HTP)
633	Romeo class	File:Romeo class SS.svg	20	Medium submarines
641	Foxtrot class	File:Foxtrot class SS.svg	75	Large oceanic submarines
641B Cом (Som, catfish)	Tango class	File:Tango class SS.svg	18	Large oceanic submarines
690 Кефаль (Kefal, mullet)	Bravo class	File:Bravo class SS.svg	4	Target submarine for torpedo exercises
877, 877E, 877EKM, 877V, 877LPMB, 877EK Палтус (Paltus, halibut)	Kilo class	File:Kilo class SS.svg	43	Large submarines
636, 636М Варшавянка (Varshavyanka, after Warsaw Pact)	Improved Kilo class	File:Improved Kilo class SS.svg	30	Large submarines
677 Лада (Lada, goddess of love)	St. Petersburg	File:Lada class S.Peterburg.svg	1	Large submarines
1650 Амур (the Amur River)		File:Amur 1650.jpg	0	Modification of Lada class for export
865 Пиранья (Piran'ya, piranha)	Losos class (Salmon)	File:Model submarine project 865 to «Army 2015».JPG	2	Midget submarines

Guided missile submarines

Project	NATO reporting name	Silhouette/Image	Built	Assignment
P613	Whiskey Single Cylinder	File:Whiskey V class SS.svg		1 × SS-N-3 cruise missile
644	Whiskey Twin Cylinder	File:Whiskey Twin Cylinder class SSG.svg		2 × SS-N-3 cruise missile
665	Whiskey Long Bin	File:Whiskey Long Bin class SSG.svg		4 × SS-N-3 cruise missile
651	Juliett	File:Juliett class SSG.svg	16	Four SS-N-3 Shaddock (P-5 or P-6), or SS-N-12 Sandbox (P-500 4K-80 Basalt)

Ballistic missile submarines

Project	NATO reporting name	Silhouette/Image	Built	Assignment
V611, 611AV	Zulu	File:Zulu IV class SSB.svg	6
629, 609, 601, 605, 619	Golf	Golf II-class submarine Golf II-class submarine Golf II-class submarine Golf II-class submarine Golf II-class submarine Golf II-class submarine Golf II-class submarine	24	3 × Project 629 boats D-1 launch system with R-11FM missiles

Auxiliary submarines

Project	NATO reporting name	Silhouette/Image	Built	Assignment
940 Ленок (Lenok)	India	File:India class SS.svg	2	2 × Poseidon class DSRV's
1710 Макрель (Makrel, mackerel)	Beluga		1	It was an experimental vessel used for testing propulsion systems, hull forms, and boundary-layer control techniques.
1840	Lima		1	Large special. It was used for trying out new technologies, research, or special mission support

Nuclear-powered

Attack submarines

First generation

Project	NATO reporting name	Silhouette/Image	Built	Assignment
627 Кит, 645 Кит-ЖМТ (Kit, whale)	November	File:November class SSN 627 project.svg	14	First soviet submarines powered by nuclear reactor

Second generation

Project	NATO reporting name	Silhouette/Image	Built	Assignment
671, 671B, 671K, 671R Ёрш (Yorsh, ruffe)	Victor I	File:Victor I class SSN.svg	16
671RT	Victor II	File:Victor II class SSN.svg	7
671RTM Щука (Shchuka, pike)	Victor III	File:Victor III class SSN.svg	25

Third generation

Project	NATO reporting name	Silhouette/Image	Built	Assignment
705, 705K Лира (Lira, lyre)	Alfa	File:Alfa class SSN.svg	7
945 Барракуда (Barrakuda, barracuda)	Sierra I	File:Sierra I class SSN.svg	2
945A Кондор (Kondor, condor)	Sierra II	File:Sierra II class SSN.svg	2
685 Плавник (Plavnik, fin)	Mike	K-278 Komsomolets	1	Record submergence depth of 1,020 metres (3,350 feet)

Fourth generation

Project	NATO reporting name	Silhouette/Image	Built	Assignment
Project 971 Щука-Б (Shchuka-B, Pike-B)	Akula	File:AkulaProjekt971U right.png	15
Project 885 Ясень (Yasen, ash)	Severodvinsk	File:Graney class SSN.svg	4	Planned 12

Guided missile submarines

First generation

Project	NATO reporting name	Silhouette/Image	Built	Assignment
659	Echo I	File:Echo I class SSGN.svg	5
675	Echo II	File:Echo II class SSGN.svg	29

Second generation

Project	NATO reporting name	Silhouette/Image	Built	Assignment
661 Анчар (Anchar, upas)	Papa	File:Papa class SSGN.svg	1	Fastest speed ever recorded for a submerged vehicle at 44.7 knots
667AT Груша (Grusha, pear)	Yankee Notch	File:Yankee Notch class SSGN.svg	4
667M Андромеда (Andromeda, the constellation)	Yankee Sidecar	File:Yankee Sidecar class SSGN.svg	1
670 Скат (Skat, ray)	Charlie I	File:Charlie I class SSGN.svg	11
670M Скат-М (Skat-M, ray)	Charlie II	File:Charlie II class SSGN.svg	6

Third generation

Project	NATO reporting name	Silhouette/Image	Built	Assignment
949 Гранит (Granit, granite)	Oscar I	File:Oscar I class SSGN.svg	2
949A Антей (Antey, Antaeus)	Oscar II	File:Oscar II class SSGN.svg	11

Fourth generation

Project	NATO reporting name	Silhouette/Image	Built	Assignment
885 Ясень (Yasen, ash)	Severodvinsk	File:Graney class SSN.svg	4	Planned 12

Ballistic missile submarines

First generation

Project	NATO reporting name	Silhouette/Image	Built	Assignment
658, 701	Hotel	File:Hotel II class SSBN.svg	8

Second generation

Project	NATO reporting name	Silhouette/Image	Built	Assignment
667A Навага, 667AU Налим (Navaga; Nalim, burbot)	Yankee I	File:Yankee class SSBN.svg	34
667AM Навага-М (Navaga-M)	Yankee II	File:Yankee II class SSBN.svg	1
667B Мурена (Murena, eel)	Delta I	File:Delta I class SSBN.svg	18
667BD Мурена-М (Murena-M, eel)	Delta II	File:Delta II class SSBN.svg	4
667BDR Кальмар (Kal'mar, squid)	Delta III	File:Delta III class SSBN.svg	14
667BDRM Дельфин (Del'fin, dolphin)	Delta IV	File:Delta IV class SSBN.svg	7

Third generation

Project	NATO reporting name	Silhouette/Image	Built	Assignment
941 Акула; (Akula, shark)	Typhoon	File:Typhoon class SSBN.svg	6

Fourth generation

Project	NATO reporting name	Silhouette/Image	Built	Assignment
955 Борей; (Borei, Boreas)	Dolgorukiy	File:Borey class SSBN.svg	3
955А Борей; (Borei, Boreas)	Dolgorukiy	File:Borey-A class SSBN.svg	4

Auxiliary submarines

Project	NATO reporting name	Silhouette/Image	Built	Assignment
1910 Кашалот (Kashalot, cachalot)	Uniform	File:Uniform pr1910 color.svg	2
09774 Аксон (Akson)	Yankee Pod	File:Yankee Pod class SSN.svg	1
09774	Yankee Stretch	File:Yankee-Stretch class SSN.svg	1
09780 Аксон-2 (Akson-2)	Yankee Big Nose	File:Yankee Big Nose class SSN.svg	1
20120 Сарган (Sargan or Sarov)	Sarov	File:Sarov class SS.svg	1

See also

• List of Russian naval engineers

Footnotes

<references/>

• Showell, Jak M. U-Boat Century, German Submarine Warfare 1906-2006. Chatham Publishing, Great Britain (2006). Template:ISBN.

External links

• Bellona