List of minerals
Template:Short description This is a list of minerals which have Wikipedia articles.
Minerals are distinguished by various chemical and physical properties. Differences in chemical composition and crystal structure distinguish the various species. Within a mineral species there may be variation in physical properties or minor amounts of impurities that are recognized by mineralogists or wider society as a mineral variety.
Mineral variety names are listed after the valid minerals for each letter.
For a more complete listing of all mineral names, see List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association.
AEdit
File:(61-365) Can you imagine? (5320329773).jpg
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Amethyst crystals – a purple quartz
File:Apophyllite-(KF)-Stilbite-Ca-118260.jpg
-Stilbite-Ca-118260.jpg){kind=link}
Apophyllite crystals sitting right beside a cluster of peachy bowtie stilbite
File:Aurichalcite-Hemimorphite-230159.jpg
Aurichalcite needles spraying out within a protected pocket lined by bladed calcite crystals
- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Adamantine spar (variety of corundum)
- Agate (variety of chalcedony and quartz)
- Alabaster (variety of gypsum)
- Alexandrite (variety of chrysoberyl)
- Allingite (synonym of amber)
- Alum
- Amazonite (variety of microcline)
- Amethyst (purple variety of quartz)
- Ametrine (variety of quartz)
- Ammolite (organic; also a gemstone)
- Amosite (asbestiform grunerite)
- Antozonite (variety of fluorite)
- Anyolite (metamorphic rock - zoisite, ruby, and hornblende)
- Aquamarine (light blue variety of beryl)
- Argentite (high temperature form of acanthite)
- Asbestos (fibrous serpentine- or amphibole minerals)
- Auerlite (variety of thorite)
- Avalite (chromian variety of illite)
- Aventurine (variety of quartz)
BEdit
File:Benstonite-Calcite-Fluorite-154901.jpg
Spiky calcite scalenohedra with a coating of whitish benstonite on a layer of teal-colored fluorite
File:Biotite aggregate - Ochtendung, Eifel, Germany.jpg
Thin tabular biotite cluster
- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Barbertonite (polytype of stichtite)
- Bauxite (aluminium ore)
- Beckerite (natural resin)
- Bentonite (mixture of montmorillonite and other clays)
- Bixbite (red gem variety of beryl)
- Bowenite (variety of antigorite)
- Brammallite (variety of illite)
- Brokenhillite (not approved by IMA)
- Buergerite (renamed to fluor-buergerite)
- Bursaite (not approved by IMA)
- Bytownite (variety of anorthite)
CEdit
File:Calcite-20188.jpg
Radiating spray of colorless wheatsheaf calcite crystals on matrix, from Iraí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
File:Calcite-Dolomite-Gypsum-159389.jpg
Rhombohedrons of calcite that appear almost as books of petals, piled up 3-dimensionally on the matrix, from Eastern Europe
File:Chrysocolla-230109.jpg
Pocket cavity of small chrysocolla stalactites from Ray Mine, Scott Mountain area, Mineral Creek District, Arizona, USA
File:Cinnabar on Dolomite.jpg
Cinnabar on dolomite
- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Campylite (variety of mimetite)
- Carbonado (variety of diamond)
- Carnelian (variety of quartz)
- Cementite (synthetic cohenite)
- Ceylonite (variety of spinel)
- Chalcedony (cryptocrystalline variety of quartz and moganite)
- Chiastolite (variety of andalusite)
- Chlorastrolite (variety of pumpellyite-(Mg))
- Chrysoprase (green nickel bearing chalcedony)
- Chrysotile (group name - asbestiform serpentine)
- Citrine (yellow variety of quartz)
- Cleveite (variety of uraninite)
- Clinochrysotile (polytype of chrysotile)
- Coltan (short for minerals of the columbite group)
- Crocidolite (asbestiform riebeckite)
- Cymophane (variety of chrysoberyl)
DEdit
File:Rough diamond.jpg
The slightly misshapen octahedral shape of this rough diamond crystal in matrix is typical of the mineral
- Varieties that are not valid species:
EEdit
- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Elsmoreite (pure hydrokenoelsmoreite)
- Emerald (green gem variety of beryl)
FEdit
File:Fluorapophyllite-Stilbite-Ca-indi-94b.jpg
Translucent fluorapophyllit-(K) crystal and stilbite, from Jalgaon District, Maharashtra, India
- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Fassaite (variety of augite)
- Ferrocolumbite (synonym of columbite-(Fe))
- Ferrotantalite (synonym of tantalite-(Fe))
- Fluorspar (synonym of fluorite)
- Francolite (variety of fluorapatite)
GEdit
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Garnierite (a nickel ore)
- Goshenite (colorless variety of beryl)
HEdit
File:Hubnerite-Quartz-denv08-32a.jpg
Hübnerite and quartz
- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Hatchettite (a paraffin wax)
- Heliodor (greenish-yellow variety of beryl)
- Heliotrope (variety of chalcedony)
- Hessonite (variety of grossular)
- Hiddenite (variety of spodumene)
- Hyalite (variety of opal)
- Hyalophane (synonym of jaloallofane)
- Hypersthene (synonym of enstatite or ferrosilite, or mid-way member of the enstatite–ferrosilite series) (not approved by IMA)
IEdit
File:Inyoite-Meyerhofferite-146744.jpg
Inyoite from Monte Azul deposit, Sijes, Salta, Argentina
- Varieties that are not valid species:
JEdit
File:Bénitoïte, neptunite, joaquinite-(Ce) sur natrolite et serpentine (USA) 2.jpg
_sur_natrolite_et_serpentine_(USA)_2.jpg){kind=link}
Benitoite (blue), joaquinite-(Ce) (brown) and neptunite (dark red) on natrolite (white), from Dallas Gem Mine area, San Benito River headwaters area, New Idria District, Diablo Range, San Benito Co., California, USA
- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Jade (tough, green mineral either jadeite or nephrite amphibole)
- Jasper (variety of quartz)
- Jeffersonite (variety of augite)
KEdit
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File:Krohnkite-21581.jpg
Kröhnkite from Cuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta Region, Chile
- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Keilhauite (variety of titanite)
- Kerolite (variety of talc)
- Krantzite (natural resin)
- Kunzite (variety of spodumene)
LEdit
File:Legrandite, limonite 1100.1.2839.jpg
Legrandite on limonite
File:Liddicoatite, quartz, feldspath 300-4-0983.JPG
Liddicoatite on quartz and feldspar
- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Larimar (blue variety of pectolite)
- Lodestone (a synonym of magnetite)
- Lublinite (variety of calcite)
MEdit
File:Magnetite-170591.jpg
Magnetite from Speen Ghar, Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan
File:Manganite-180085.jpg
Manganite from Ilfeld, Thuringia, Germany
File:Mimetite-145027.jpg
Mimetite on limonite matrix
- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Magnesia
- Magnesiocummingtonite (magnesium-rich variety of cummingtonite)
- Malacolite (synonym of diopside)
- Manganocolumbite (synonym of columbite-(Mn))
- Manganotantalite (synonym of tantalite-(Mn))
- Mariposite (variety of phengite/muscovite)
- Meerschaum (variety of sepiolite)
- Melanite (variety of andradite)
- Menilite (variety of opal)
- Milky quartz (a cloudy white quartz)
- Morganite (a pink beryl)
NEdit
File:Natrolite-Inesite-21148.jpg
Needles of natrolite on deep pink inesite
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- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Nephrite (variety of tremolite/actinolite)
- Niobite (synonym of columbite)
- Niobite-tantalite (synonym of columbite-tantalite)
OEdit
File:Boulder Opal.jpg
Boulder opal, Carisbrooke Station near Winton, Queensland, Australia
- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Oligoclase (a mixture of albite and anorthite)
- Onyx (a monochromatic banded variety of chalcedony)
- Orthochrysotile (a polytype of chrysotile)
PEdit
File:Paravauxite-Sigloite-251012.jpg
Paravauxite and sigloite crystals associated with micro crystallized iron-stained wavellite needles on matrix
File:Phosphophyllite-359315.jpg
Phosphophyllite from Cerro de Potosí, Potosí Department, Bolivia
- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Parachrysotile (a polytype of chrysotile)
- Pelagosite (variety of aragonite)
- Pericline (variety of albite)
- Peridot (gem-quality olivine)
- Perlite (volcanic glass)
- Phengite (variety of muscovite)
- Pimelite
- Pitchblende (a massive impure form of uraninite)
- Plessite (mixture of kamacite and taenite)
- Potassium alum or potash alum (as a mineral, is called alum-(K))
QEdit
REdit
File:Corundum-winza-17d.jpg
Crystals of cherry red ruby in matrix
- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Rashleighite (variety of turquoise)
- Rhodolite (variety of pyrope)
- Rock crystal (quartz)
- Rose quartz (pink variety of quartz)
- Ruby (red gem corundum)
SEdit
File:Scolecite, Apophyllite, Stilbite-450733.jpg
Acicular colorless scolecite crystals in a group with pale green apophyllite and very light pink stilbite
File:Shattuckite-k-123a.jpg
Botryoidal balls of shattuckite, from Otjikotu, Kaokoveld, Kunene, Namibia
File:Stannite-Chalcopyrite-Quartz-168837.jpg
Ball of stepped stannite crystals flanked by splaying GEM quartzes and golden chalcopyrite at its upper edge, from Yaogangxian Mine, Yizhang County, Chenzhou Prefecture, Hunan Province, China
- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Sapphire (gem corundum of any color except red, especially blue varieties)
- Sard (a variety of chalcedony/quartz)
- Satinspar (a variety of gypsum)
- Selenite (a variety of gypsum)
- Simetite (a variety of amber)
- Smoky quartz (a brown or black variety of quartz)
- Soda niter (synonym of nitratine)
- Spectrolite (a variety of labradorite)
- Spessartite (synonym of spessartine)
- Sphene (synonym of titanite)
- Stantienite (a variety of amber)
- Sunstone (a variety of either oligoclase or orthoclase)
TEdit
File:Titanite-Adularia-Clinochlore-275128.jpg
Crystal of titanite with adularia and minor clinochlore on matrix
File:Albite-Fluorite-jmix08-19a.jpg
Fluorite crystal sitting beside a glassy, dark green tourmaline crystal, which itself sits atop a green tourmaline of a lighter color. All sit on a bed of sparkly, bladed stark white albite
File:Turquoise, pyrite, quartz 300-4-FS 1.jpeg
Crystals of turquoise, from Copper Cities Mine, Globe-Miami District, Arizona, USA
- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Tanzanite (variety of zoisite)
- Thulite (variety of zoisite)
- Thuringite (variety of chamosite)
- Tsavorite (gem variety of grossularite garnet)
- Tiger's eye (chatoyant variety of quartz)
UEdit
File:Uvite sur quartz (Brésil) 1.JPG
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Crystals of tourmaline (uvite variety) on quartz, from Pomba pit, Serra das Éguas, Brumado, Bahia, Brazil
VEdit
File:Vanadinite, barytine 4.jpeg
Vanadinite from the Mibladen Mining District, Morocco
WEdit
XEdit
File:Xonotlite-Inesite-21179.jpg
Radial fibrous inesite and xonotlite from Northern Cape Province, South Africa
YEdit
File:Yugawaralite-pkn45b.jpg
Yugawaralite crystals in a sheltered vug, from Jalgaon District, Maharashtra, India
- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Yttrocerite (variety of fluorite)
- Yttrocolumbite (variety of columbite)
ZEdit
File:Goosecreekite-Heulandite-Ca-Quartz-indi-41a.jpg
Zeolite with heulandite on quartz
- Varieties that are not valid species:
- Zajacite-(Ce) (name changed to gagarinite-(Ce))
- Zhonghuacerite-(Ce) (considered to be kukharenkoite-(Ce) or huanghoite-(Ce))
- Zinalsite (synonym of fraipontite)
See alsoEdit
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- List of minerals named after people
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- Timeline of the discovery and classification of minerals