Local Interstellar Cloud
Template:Short description Template:Infobox nebula
The Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC), also known as the Local Fluff, is an interstellar cloud roughly Template:Convert across, through which the Solar System is moving. This feature overlaps with a region around the Sun referred to as the solar neighborhood.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It is unknown whether the Sun is embedded in the Local Interstellar Cloud, or is in the region where the Local Interstellar Cloud is interacting with the neighboring G-Cloud.<ref name="Gilster-unknown-region">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Like the G-Cloud and others, the LIC is part of the Very Local Interstellar Medium which begins where the heliosphere and interplanetary medium end,<ref name="Linsky p. ">Template:Citation</ref> the furthest that probes have traveled.
StructureEdit
The Solar System is located within a structure called the Local Bubble, a low-density region of the galactic interstellar medium.<ref name="JPL interstellar" /> Within this region is the Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC), an area of slightly higher hydrogen density. It is estimated that the Solar System entered the LIC within the past 10,000 years.<ref name="Frisch-2011-sec4-2-4"> Template:Cite journal </ref> It is uncertain whether the Sun is still inside of the LIC or has already entered a transition zone between the LIC and the G cloud.<ref name="Gilster-unknown-region"/><ref name="Frisch-2011-sec4-2-4" /><ref name="Linsky-2019"> Template:Cite journal </ref> A recent analysis estimates the Sun will completely exit the LIC in no more than 1,900 years.<ref name="Linsky-2020"> Template:Cite journal </ref>
The cloud has a temperature of about Template:Convert,<ref name="near-earth">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> about the same temperature as the surface of the Sun. However, its specific heat capacity is very low because it is not very dense, with Template:Convert. This is less dense than the average for the interstellar medium in the Milky Way (Template:Convert), though six times denser than the gas in the hot, low-density Local Bubble (Template:Convert) which surrounds the local cloud.<ref name="JPL interstellar">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Boulanger">Template:Cite conference</ref> In comparison, Earth's atmosphere at the edge of space (i.e. 100 km above sea level) has around 1.2Template:E molecules per cubic centimeter, dropping to around 50 million (5.0Template:E) at Template:Convert.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
The cloud is flowing outwards from the Scorpius–Centaurus association, a stellar association that is a star-forming region,<ref name="apod-1">Template:Cite APOD</ref><ref name="apod-2">Template:Cite APOD</ref> roughly perpendicular to the Sun's own direction.
In 2019, researchers found interstellar iron-60 (60Fe) in Antarctica, which they relate to the Local Interstellar Cloud.<ref name="Koll2019">Template:Cite journal</ref>
Interaction with solar magnetic fieldEdit
In 2009, Voyager 2 data suggested that the magnetic strength of the local interstellar medium was much stronger than expected (370 to 550 picoteslas (pT), against previous estimates of 180 to 250 pT). The fact that the Local Interstellar Cloud is strongly magnetized could explain its continued existence despite the pressures exerted upon it by the winds that blew out the Local Bubble.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
The Local Interstellar Cloud's potential effects on Earth are greatly diminished by the solar wind and the Sun's magnetic field.<ref name="near-earth" /> This interaction with the heliosphere is under study by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX), a NASA satellite mapping the boundary between the Solar System and interstellar space.
See alsoEdit
- Gould Belt
- List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs
- List of nearby stellar associations and moving groups
- Orion Arm
- Perseus Arm
- Voyager program – probes left heliosphere in the 2010s
ReferencesEdit
Further readingEdit
- "A Breeze from the Stars" at NASA Science
- "Voyager Makes an Interstellar Discovery" at NASA Science
- "Local Chimney and Superbubbles"
- Template:Cite journal
External linksEdit
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