Lon Chaney

File:Lon Chaney With Makeup Kit.jpg

Chaney with his personal makeup kit in 1925

File:Lon chaney sr.JPG

Chaney as Erik, the Phantom of the Opera

Leonidas Frank "Lon" Chaney (April 1, 1883 – August 26, 1930) was an American actor and makeup artist. He is regarded as one of the most versatile and powerful actors of cinema, renowned for his characterizations of tortured, often grotesque and afflicted, characters and for his groundbreaking artistry with makeup.<ref name=obit/> Chaney was known for his starring roles in such silent horror films as The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923) and The Phantom of the Opera (1925). His ability to transform himself using makeup techniques that he developed earned him the nickname "The Man of a Thousand Faces". Template:TOC limit

Early life

Leonidas Frank Chaney was born in Colorado Springs, Colorado, to Frank H. Chaney (a barber) and Emma Alice Kennedy. His father was of English and French ancestry, and his mother was of Scottish, English, and Irish descent. Chaney's maternal grandfather, Jonathan Ralston Kennedy, founded the "Colorado School for the Education of Mutes" (now Colorado School for the Deaf and Blind) in 1874, and Chaney's parents met there.<ref>Blackmar 1912, pp. 496–498.</ref> His great-grandfather was congressman John Chaney from Ohio.

Both of Chaney's parents were deaf and, as a child of deaf adults, Chaney became skilled in American Sign Language. He entered a stage career in 1902, and began traveling with popular vaudeville and theater acts. In 1905, Chaney, then 22, met and married 16-year-old singer Cleva Creighton (Frances Cleveland Creighton) and in 1906, their only child, a son, Creighton Tull Chaney (later known as Lon Chaney Jr.) was born. The Chaneys continued touring, settling in California in 1910.

Marital troubles developed and on April 30, 1913, Cleva went to the Majestic Theatre, where Lon was managing the "Kolb and Dill" show, and attempted suicide by swallowing mercuric chloride.<ref name=e>Template:Cite AV media</ref> She survived, but it ruined her singing career; the ensuing scandal and divorce forced Chaney out of the theater and into film.

The time spent there is not clearly known, but between the years 1912 and 1917, Chaney worked under contract for Universal Studios doing bit or character parts. His skill with makeup gained him many parts in the highly competitive casting atmosphere. During this time, Chaney befriended the husband-wife director team of Joe De Grasse and Ida May Park, who gave him substantial roles in their pictures and further encouraged him to play macabre characters.

In 1915, Chaney married one of his former colleagues in the Kolb and Dill company, a recently divorced chorus girl named Hazel Hastings. The new couple gained custody of Chaney's 10-year-old son Creighton, who had resided in various homes and boarding schools since Chaney's divorce from Cleva in 1913.<ref>"Mrs. Lon Chaney dies. Before her husband entered the movies she was well known In Vaudeville." The New York Times, November 1, 1933. Retrieved: July 21, 2007.</ref>

Career

File:Ethel Grey Terry and Lon Chaney.jpg

Ethel Grey Terry and Chaney in The Penalty (1920)

By 1917, Chaney was a prominent actor in the studio, but his salary did not reflect this status. When Chaney asked for a raise, studio executive William Sistrom replied, "You'll never be worth more than one hundred dollars a week." After leaving the studio, Chaney struggled for the first year as a character actor. It was not until he played a substantial role in William S. Hart's picture Riddle Gawne (1918) that Chaney's talents as a character actor were truly recognized by the industry.

Universal presented Chaney, Dorothy Phillips, and William Stowell as a team in The Piper's Price (1917). In succeeding films, the men alternated playing lover, villain, or other man to the beautiful Phillips. They would occasionally be joined by Claire DuBrey, nearly making the trio a quartet of recurring actors from film to film. So successful were the films starring this group that Universal produced fourteen films from 1917 to 1919 with Chaney, Stowell, and Phillips.<ref name="ReferenceA">Internet Movie Database, IMDb.com ; film listings on Lon Chaney, William Stowell, Dorothy Phillips & Claire Dubrey</ref>

The films were usually directed by Joe De Grasse or his wife Ida May Park - both, friends of Chaney - at Universal. When Chaney was away branching out on films such as Riddle Gawne and The Kaiser, the Beast of Berlin (both 1918), Stowell and Phillips would continue on as a duo until Chaney's return. Stowell and Phillips made The Heart of Humanity (also 1918), bringing in Erich von Stroheim for a part as the villain that could easily have been played by Chaney.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

Paid in Advance (1919) was the group's last film together, for Stowell was sent to Africa by Universal to scout locations for a movie. En route from one city to another, Stowell was in the caboose when it was hit by the locomotive from another train; he was killed instantly. The majority of these films are lost apart from a few, including Triumph and Paid in Advance, which survive in private collections or in European or Russian archives.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref group="Note">In a scene from Triumph (1917), biographer Daniel Blum described the scene as: "... Phillips has hand on Chaney's head embracing him while Stowell reads paperwork on desk."<ref>'Blum 1953, p. 141</ref></ref>

File:Lon Chaney as Chinese immigrant Yen Sin in the film Shadows (1922).jpg

Chaney as the Chinese immigrant "Yen Sin" in Shadows (1922)

Chaney had a breakthrough performance as "The Frog" in George Loane Tucker's The Miracle Man (1919). The film displayed not only Chaney's acting ability, but also his talent as a master of makeup. Critical praise and a gross of over $2 million put Chaney on the map as America's foremost character actor.

Chaney exhibited great adaptability with makeup in more conventional crime and adventure films, such as The Penalty (1920), in which he played a gangster with both legs amputated. Chaney appeared in ten films directed by Tod Browning, often portraying disguised and/or mutilated characters, including carnival knife-thrower Alonzo the Armless in The Unknown (1927) opposite Joan Crawford. Around the same time, Chaney also co-starred with Conrad Nagel, Marceline Day, Henry B. Walthall, and Polly Moran in the Tod Browning horror film London After Midnight (1927), one of the most sought after lost films.<ref>Vogel 2010, p. 146.</ref> His final film role was The Unholy Three (1930), a sound remake of his 1925 silent film of the same name. The 1930 remake was his only "talkie" and the only film in which Chaney utilized his powerful and versatile voice. Chaney signed a sworn statement declaring that five of the key voices in the film (the ventriloquist, the old woman, a parrot, the dummy and the girl) were his own.<ref>Herzogenrath 2008, p. 79.</ref>

File:Hunchback of Notre Dame.jpg

A still from The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923) showing "Quasimodo" (Chaney) being offered water by "Esmeralda" (Patsy Ruth Miller)

File:Lon chaney c1923.jpg

Chaney, 1923

Makeup in the early days of cinema was almost non-existent with the exception of beards and mustaches to denote villains.<ref name="Anderson, R. G. 1971 pp. 1-216">Anderson, R. G. (1971). Faces, Forms, Films; the Artistry of Lon Chaney (pp. 1–216). Cranbury, NJ: A. S. Barnes and Co., Inc.</ref> Most of what the Hollywood studios knew about film stemmed from their experience with theater makeup, but this did not always transfer well to the big screen, especially as the film quality improved over time. Makeup departments were not yet in place during Chaney's time. Prior to the mid-20s, actors were expected to do their own makeup.<ref name="Anderson, R. G. 1971 pp. 1-216"/>

In the absence of such specialized professions, Chaney's skills gave him a competitive advantage over other actors. He was the complete package. Casting crews knew that they could place him in virtually any part and he would thrive. In some films his skill allowed him to play dual roles. An extreme case of this was the film Outside the Law (1920), where he played a character who shot and killed another character, whom he also was playing.<ref name="Anderson, R. G. 1971 pp. 1-216"/>

As Quasimodo, the bell ringer of Notre Dame Cathedral, and Erik, the "phantom" of the Paris Opera House, Chaney created two of the most grotesquely deformed characters in film history.<ref name="sag">Lussier, Tim. "The Phantom of the Opera (1925)." Silents are Golden, 2000. Retrieved: May 10, 2016.</ref><ref name="uni">Dick 1997, pp. 52–55.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> "Phantom … became a legend almost immediately," wrote the Los Angeles Times in 1990. "The newspapers of the day reported that women fainted, children bawled and grown men stepped outside for fresh air after the famous unmasking scene."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> "The unmasking of the titular Phantom is one of the most well-known moments in silent film," wrote Meg Shields in 2020. "Arguably, it’s one of the most horrifying images ever put on screen."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> However, Chaney's portrayals sought to elicit a degree of sympathy and pathos among viewers not overwhelmingly terrified or repulsed by the monstrous disfigurements of these victims of fate.

File:ChaneyPhantomoftheOpera.jpg

The Phantom of the Opera (1925)

In a 1925 autobiographical article for Movie magazine, he wrote: "I wanted to remind people that the lowest types of humanity may have within them the capacity for supreme self-sacrifice. The dwarfed, misshapen beggar of the streets may have the noblest ideals. Most of my roles since The Hunchback, such as The Phantom of the Opera, He Who Gets Slapped, The Unholy Three, etc., have carried the theme of self-sacrifice or renunciation. These are the stories which I wish to do." Chaney referred to his expertise in both makeup and contorting his body to portray his subjects as "extraordinary characterization". Chaney's talents extended beyond the horror genre and stage makeup. He was also a highly skilled dancer, singer and comedian.

File:Lon Chaney London After Midnight Vampire Bat Cape.jpg

London After Midnight (1927)

Ray Bradbury once said of Chaney, "He was someone who acted out our psyches. He somehow got into the shadows inside our bodies; he was able to nail down some of our secret fears and put them on-screen. The history of Lon Chaney is the history of unrequited loves. He brings that part of you out into the open, because you fear that you are not loved, you fear that you never will be loved, you fear there is some part of you that's grotesque, that the world will turn away from." Chaney and his second wife Hazel led a discreet private life distant from the Hollywood social scene. Chaney did minimal promotional work for his films and for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, purposefully fostering a mysterious image, and he reportedly intentionally avoided the social scene in Hollywood.<ref name="fleming">Fleming 2009, p. 167.</ref>

In the final five years of his film career (1925–1930), Chaney worked exclusively under contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, giving some of his most memorable performances. His portrayal of a tough-as-nails marine drill instructor in Tell It to the Marines (1926), one of his favorite films, earned him the affection of the Marine Corps, who made him their first honorary member from the motion picture industry.<ref name="LaSalle 2000, p. 120">LaSalle 2000, p. 120.</ref>

He also earned the respect and admiration of numerous aspiring actors, to whom he offered mentoring assistance, and between takes on film sets he was always willing to share his professional observations with the cast and crew. During the filming of The Unknown (1927), Joan Crawford stated that she learned more about acting from watching Chaney work than from anyone else in her career. "It was then," she said, "I became aware for the first time of the difference between standing in front of a camera, and acting."<ref name="LaSalle 2000, p. 120"/>

File:Lon Chaney as Mr Wu.png

Chaney, in full makeup and attire of "Mr. Wu", conducts a women's orchestra, 1927

Death

During the filming of Thunder in the winter of 1929, Chaney developed pneumonia. In late 1929, he was diagnosed with bronchial lung cancer. This was exacerbated when fake snow lodged in his throat during filming and caused a serious infection.<ref name="Schickel">Schickel and Hurlburt 1962, p. 133,</ref> Despite aggressive treatment, his condition gradually worsened, and he died of a throat hemorrhage on August 26, 1930, in a Los Angeles, California hospital.<ref group="Note">The New York Times reported: "Lon Chaney dies after brave fight. On road to recovery, screen actor is stricken by hemorrhage of the throat. Was a master of makeup. Son of deaf and dumb Parents, He began career as property boy. Excelled in vivid personations. Acted as Pike's Peak guide. Made stage debut at 17. Appeared in slap-stick comedy. Wore straitjacket as "Hunchback." New disguise for each film. Although he was believed to be on the road to recovery, Lon Chaney, screen actor, who had been making a valiant fight against anemia and bronchial congestion, died at 12:55."<ref name=obit>"Obituary: Lon Chaney." The New York Times, August 27, 1930. Retrieved: July 21, 2007.</ref></ref>

His funeral was held on August 28 in Glendale, California. Honorary pallbearers included Paul Bern, Hunt Stromberg, Irving Thalberg, Louis B. Mayer, Lionel Barrymore, Wallace Beery, Tod Browning, Lew Cody, and Ramon Novarro. The U.S. Marine Corps provided a chaplain and Honor Guard for his funeral. While his funeral was being conducted, all MGM studios and offices observed two minutes of silence.<ref name="fleming"/><ref name="telegraph">"Funeral Service For Lon Chaney." The Telegraph, August 28, 1930, p. 5. Retrieved: January 26, 2015.</ref>

File:Lon Chaney Grave.JPG

CitationClass=web }}</ref> in the Great Mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California

Chaney was interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, next to the crypt of his father.<ref name="telegraph"/> His wife Hazel was interred there upon her death in 1933. In accordance with his will, Chaney's crypt has remained unmarked.<ref>Riley 1993, p. 54.</ref>

Legacy

In 1957, Chaney was the subject of a biopic titled Man of a Thousand Faces, in which he was portrayed by James Cagney.<ref>Slide 2010, p. 217.</ref> The film is a largely fictionalized account, as Chaney was notoriously private and hated the Hollywood lifestyle. He never revealed personal details about himself or his family, once stating, "Between pictures, there is no Lon Chaney."<ref name="fleming"/>

Chaney's son Creighton, later known as Lon Chaney Jr., became a film actor after his father's death.<ref>Smith 2004, pp. 9, 12.</ref> Chaney Jr. is best remembered for roles in horror films, such as the title character in The Wolf Man (1941).<ref>Guiley 2004, p. 63.</ref> In October 1997, both Chaneys appeared on commemorative US postage stamps as the Phantom of the Opera and the Wolf Man, with the set completed by Bela Lugosi as Count Dracula and Boris Karloff as Frankenstein's monster and the Mummy.<ref>Carr, Richard. "Movie monsters kick off National Stamp-collecting Month." Template:Webarchive sun-sentinel.com, October 5, 1997. Retrieved: January 26, 2015.</ref>

Chaney is also the subject of the 2000 documentary feature, Lon Chaney: A Thousand Faces. The film was produced by silent film historian Kevin Brownlow and narrated by Kenneth Branagh.<ref>French, Phillip. "The Phantom of the Opera." theguardian.com, January 4, 2014. Retrieved: January 26, 2015.</ref>

In the song "Werewolves of London" by Warren Zevon, both Chaney and his son Lon Chaney Jr are namechecked in the last verse.

Honors

File:ChaneyHighSierraHouseFrontView.jpg

Chaney's Sierra Nevada House, located near Big Pine, California, was his mountain retreat.

Chaney has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, located on Hollywood Boulevard.<ref>"Lon Chaney." latimes.com. Retrieved: January 26, 2015.</ref> In 1994, Al Hirschfeld's caricature of Chaney was featured on a commemorative United States postage stamp.<ref>Blake 1997, p. 290.</ref>

In 1929, Chaney built a stone cabin in the remote wilderness of the eastern Sierra Nevada near Big Pine, California as a retreat, hiring Paul R. Williams. Located in the Inyo National Forest, the cabin still stands, though it is not open to the public.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Following his death, Chaney's famous makeup case was donated to the Los Angeles County Museum by his widow, Hazel. The case is occasionally displayed for the public. The stage theater at the Colorado Springs Civic Auditorium is also named after the actor.

There is a street named after Chaney in San Antonio, Texas.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Filmography

Approximately 102 of the 157 films made by Chaney are currently classified as lost films. A number of the remaining 55 films exist only in extremely truncated form or suffer from severe decomposition.

Two of Chaney’s films (The Phantom of the Opera and He Who Gets Slapped) are inducted into Library of Congress’ National Film Registry.

Short subjects

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1913	Poor Jake's Demise	Willy (The Dude) Mollycoddle	Chaney's first credited film appearance<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Template:ISBN.</ref> Eight minutes of footage discovered in 2006, restored.
1913	The Sea Urchin	Barnacle Bill	Lost film
1913	The Blood Red Tape of Charity	A Jewish pawnbroker (uncredited)<ref name="Blake, Michael F. 1998 Page 3">Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 3. Template:ISBN.</ref>	Lost film
1913	Shon the Piper	Scottish clansman (uncredited)	Also known as Shawn the Piper Lost film<ref name="Blake, Michael F. 1998 Page 3"/>
1913	The Trap	Lon (uncredited)	Lost film
1913	The Restless Spirit	The Russian Count wearing a beard (uncredited)<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 4. Template:ISBN.</ref>	Lost film
1913	Almost an Actress	Lon plays a cameraman	Lost film
1913	An Elephant on His Hands	Eddie <ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 5. Template:ISBN.</ref>	Lost film
1913	Back to Life	The Rival	Lost film
1913	Red Margaret, Moonshiner	Lon (an old moonshiner with a wild beard)	Re-release title: Moonshine Blood Lost film<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 8. Template:ISBN.</ref>
1913	Bloodhounds of the North	Mountie lieutenant	Lost film
1914	The Lie	Young MacGregor	Lost film
1914	The Honor of the Mounted	Jacques Laquox	Lost film
1914	Remember Mary Magdalen	The half-wit	Lost film
1914	Discord and Harmony	Lon, a sculptor	Lost film
1914	The Menace to Carlotta	Giovanni Bartholdi	Chaney also wrote the screenplay<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 14. Template:ISBN.</ref> Working title: Carlotta, the Bead Stringer Lost film
1914	The Embezzler	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Lost film
1914	The Lamb, the Woman, the Wolf	The Wolf (a mountain man)	Lost film
1914	The End of the Feud	Wood Dawson	Lost film
1914	The Tragedy of Whispering Creek	The Greaser	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Print exists in the Deutsche Kinematek film archive<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1914	The Unlawful Trade	The half-breed	Lost film
1914	The Forbidden Room	John Morris	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1914	The Old Cobbler	Wild Bill	Lost film
1914	A Ranch Romance	Raphael Praz	Lost film
1914	The Hopes of Blind Alley	The vendor	aka The Hopes of a Blind Alley<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 20. Template:ISBN.</ref> Lost film
1914	Her Grave Mistake	Nunez, a Mexican spy	Lost film
1914	By the Sun's Rays	Frank Lawler, the clerk	A 16mm. print of this film exists available on DVD<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 21. Template:ISBN.</ref>
1914	The Oubliette	Chevalier Bertrand de la Payne	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Alternate title: The Adventures of François Villon #1: The Oubliette
1914	A Miner's Romance	John Burns	Lost film
1914	Her Bounty	Fred Howard	Lost film
1914	The Higher Law	Sir Stephen Fitz Allen	Alternative title: The Adventures of François Villon #2: The Higher Law Lost film
1914	Richelieu	Baradas, the villain	Lost film
1914	The Pipes o' Pan	Arthur Farrell	Some sequences were hand colored Lost film<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 26. Template:ISBN.</ref>
1914	Virtue Is Its Own Reward	Duncan Bronson, an unsavory co-worker	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 27. Template:ISBN.</ref>
1914	Her Life's Story	Don Valesquez, a nobleman	Lost film
1914	A Small Town Girl	A pimp	Released Nov. 7, 1914<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 28. Template:ISBN.</ref> Lost film
1914	Lights and Shadows	Bentley, a wealthy man's son	Lost film<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 29. Template:ISBN.</ref>
1914	The Lion, the Lamb, the Man	Fred Brown, the "Lion"	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1914	A Night of Thrills	The Visitor	Lost film
1914	Her Escape	Pete Walsh, a blind man	Chaney also wrote the screenplay for this film<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 30. Template:ISBN.</ref> Lost film
1915	The Sin of Olga Brandt	Stephen Leslie, an attorney	Lost film<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 33. Template:ISBN.</ref>
1915	The Star of the Sea	Tomasco, a hunchbacked fisherman	Lost film<ref name="Blake, Michael F. 1998 Page 34">Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 34. Template:ISBN.</ref>
1915	The Measure of a Man	Mountie Lt. Jim Stuart<ref name="Blake, Michael F. 1998 Page 34"/>	Lost film
1915	The Threads of Fate	The Count	The opening and closing scenes were hand colored<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 35. Template:ISBN.</ref> Lost film
1915	When the Gods Played a Badger Game	Joe – the Property Man	Working title was The Girl Who Couldn't Go Wrong Lost film<ref name="lonchaney.org"/>
1915	Such Is Life	Tod Wilkes, a burlesque show performer	Lost film<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 36. Template:ISBN.</ref>
1915	Where the Forest Ends	Paul Rouchelle, an artist	Lost film<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 37. Template:ISBN.</ref>
1915	Outside the Gates	Perez, a peddler	Lost film<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 38. Template:ISBN.</ref>
1915	All for Peggy	Seth Baldwin, the stable boy	Lost film<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 39. Template:ISBN.</ref>
1915	The Desert Breed	Fred	Lost film
1915	Maid of the Mist	Lin – Pauline's Father	Lost film
1915	The Girl of the Night	Jerry, a small-time crook	Re-release title: Her Chance Lost film<ref name="lonchaney.org"/>
1915	The Stool Pigeon		Chaney directed this film (his first) but did not star in it<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 42. Template:ISBN.</ref> Lost film
1915	The Grind	Henry Leslie	Released in U.K. as On the Verge of Sin Lost film<ref name="lonchaney.org"/>
1915	For Cash		Chaney directed this film but did not star in it<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 43. Template:ISBN.</ref> Lost film
1915	An Idyll of the Hills	Lafe Jameson, moonshiner	Lost film
1915	The Stronger Mind	The Crook's Pal	Lost film
1915	The Oyster Dredger		Chaney wrote and directed this film but did not star in it<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 45. Template:ISBN.</ref> Lost film
1915	Steady Company	Jimmy Ford, a warehouse employee	Lost film
1915	The Violin Maker	Pedro, the violin maker	Chaney directed this film <ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 47. Template:ISBN.</ref> Lost film
1915	The Trust	Jim Mason, a thief	Chaney directed this film <ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 48. Template:ISBN.</ref> Alternative title: The Truce Lost film
1915	Bound on the Wheel	Tom Coulahan, a drunkard	Lost film
1915	Mountain Justice	Jeffrey Kirke, a moonshiner	Lost film
1915	Quits	Frenchy, a fugitive	Working title was The Sheriff of Long Butte (the title of the Jules Furthman story it was based on); released 8/17/15; one reel <ref name="Blake, Michael F. 1998 Page 51">Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 51. Template:ISBN.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Lost film (a still from the film exists)<ref>"Quits (1915)." silentera.com. Retrieved: January 26, 2015.</ref>
1915	The Chimney's Secret	Dual role: as both Charles Harding (the bank cashier) and as the miserly old beggar	Chaney wrote and directed this film <ref name="Blake, Michael F. 1998 Page 51"/> Lost film
1915	The Pine's Revenge	Black Scotty, a criminal	The working title was The King's Keeper<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 52. Template:ISBN.</ref> Lost film
1915	The Fascination of the Fleur de Lis	Duke of Safoulrug	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1915	Alas and Alack	Dual role: Jess's husband (a fisherman) and Hunchback Fate (in a fantasy sequence) <ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 53. Template:ISBN.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1915	A Mother's Atonement	Ben Morrison (as an old man and as his younger self) <ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 54. Template:ISBN.</ref>	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1915	Lon of Lone Mountain	Lon Moore, a mountain man	Lost film
1915	The Millionaire Paupers	Martin, the building manager	The working title was Fate's A Fiddler <ref name="Blake, Michael F. 1998 Page 56">Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 56. Template:ISBN.</ref> A brief fragment of the film exists in a private collection.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1915	Under a Shadow	DeSerris, a Secret Service agent	Lost film <ref name="Blake, Michael F. 1998 Page 56"/>
1915	Stronger Than Death	An attorney	Lost film
1916	Dolly's Scoop	Dan Fisher, reporter	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1916	Felix on the Job	Tod	released Oct. 31, 1916 <ref name="Blake, Michael F. 1998 Page 65">Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 65. Template:ISBN.</ref> Lost film
1916	Accusing Evidence	Lon, a Canadian Mountie	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 69. Template:ISBN.</ref> Lost film
1917	The Mask of Love	Marino, an underworld criminal	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> <ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 70. Template:ISBN.</ref> Lost film

Feature films

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1915	Father and the Boys	Tuck Bartholomew	Lost film
1916	The Grip of Jealousy	Silas Lacey	Working title was Love Thine Enemy<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 60. Template:ISBN.</ref> Lost film
1916	Tangled Hearts	John Hammond	Roughly two minutes of footage exist in a private collection
1916	The Gilded Spider	Giovanni	Working title was The Full Cup A print was rediscovered in 2008.<ref name="lonchaney.org"/>
1916	Bobbie of the Ballet	Hook Hoover	Lost film
1916	The Grasp of Greed	Jimmie	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1916	The Mark of Cain	Dick Temple	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Working title was By Fate's Decree. Lost film (only a few fragments exist in the Danish Film Archive)<ref name="lonchaney.org"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1916	If My Country Should Call	Dr. George Ardrath	Incomplete print (reels 2, 3 and 5 of 5) exists at the National Archives of Canada and the Library of Congress.<ref name="Blake, Michael F. 1998 Page 65"/>
1916	The Place Beyond the Winds	Jerry Jo	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1916	The Price of Silence	Dr. Edmond Stafford	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1917	The Piper's Price	Billy Kilmartin	Lost film
1917	Hell Morgan's Girl	Sleter Noble	Working title was The Wrong Side of Paradise Lost film<ref name="lonchaney.org"/>
1917	The Girl in the Checkered Coat	Hector Maitland	Lost film
1917	The Flashlight	Dual Role as both Henry Norton and as Porter Brixton (two step-brothers)	Lost film
1917	A Doll's House	Nils Krogstad	Lost film
1917	Fires of Rebellion	Russell Hanlon	Lost film
1917	The Rescue	Thomas Holland	Lost film
1917	Pay Me!	Joe Lawson	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1917	Triumph	Paul Neihoff	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1917	The Empty Gun	Frank	Lost film
1917	Bondage	The Seducer	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1917	Anything Once	Waught Moore	Working title was A Fool for Luck; a.k.a. The Maverick Lost film
1917	The Scarlet Car	Paul Revere Forbes	Prints exist at the Library of Congress and elsewhere Clips included in the 1995 documentary Lon Chaney: Behind the Mask<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 79. Template:ISBN.</ref>
1918	Broadway Love	Elmer Watkins	A print of the film survives in the George Eastman House Motion Picture Collection.<ref name="silentera2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1918	The Grand Passion	Paul Argos	Working title was The Boss of Powderville Lost film
1918	The Kaiser, the Beast of Berlin	Bethmann-Hollweg	Lost film
1918	Fast Company	Dan McCarty	Lost film
1918	A Broadway Scandal	"Kink" Colby	Lost film
1918	Riddle Gawne	Hame Bozzam	Two of the five reels exist in the Library of Congress (incomplete print)<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 86. Template:ISBN.</ref>
1918	That Devil, Bateese	Louis Courteau	Lost film
1918	The Talk of the Town	Jack Lanchome (Langhorne in some sources)	Based on a novelette called Discipline of Genevra Lost film
1918	Danger, Go Slow	Bud	Lost film
1919	The False Faces	Karl Eckstrom, a German spy	Based on the novel by Louis Joseph Vance The film's working title was The Lone Wolf<ref name="lonchaney.org"/> Complete print exists at the George Eastman House Available on DVD
1919	The Wicked Darling	Stoop Connors	Chaney's first collaboration with Tod Browning Working titles were The Gutter Rose and Rose of the Night<ref name="lonchaney.org"/> A complete print (with some decomposition) exists at the Netherlands Filmmuseum in Amsterdam Available on DVD
1919	A Man's Country	"Three Card" Duncan	A small portion of this film was discovered at the Danish Film Institute film archive in Denmark. The fragment does not contain any of Chaney's scenes<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1919	The Miracle Man	The Frog	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1919	Paid in Advance	Bateese Le Blanc	A nitrate stock print (with Czech subtitles) is housed at the Narodni Filmovy Archive in Czechoslovakia<ref>Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 94. Template:ISBN.</ref>
1919	When Bearcat Went Dry	Kindard Powers	A complete print exists at the American Film Institute, donated by a collector
1919	Victory	Ricardo	With Wallace Beery; complete film available on DVD
1920	Daredevil Jack	Royce Rivers, bandit leader	15-chapter serial Segments of this film (mainly Chapters 1, 2 and 4) are stored at the University of California, Los Angeles Chaney does not appear in the existing footage
1920	Treasure Island	Dual role as two pirates, Blind Pew and Merry	Lost film
1920	The Gift Supreme	Merney Stagg	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1920	Nomads of the North	Raoul Challoner	Available on DVD
1920	The Penalty	Blizzard	Available on DVD
1920	Outside the Law	Dual role as Black Mike Sylva and Ah Wing	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
1921	For Those We Love	Trix Ulner	Lost film
1921	Bits of Life	Chin Chow	Lost film
1921	The Ace of Hearts	Farallone	Available on DVD
1921	Voices of the City	Red O'Rourke, gangster	Released originally as The Night Rose, the film was then re-edited and retitled Voices of the City; Chaney's character's name was changed from Red O'Rourke to Duke McGee; Lost film
1922	The Trap	Gaspard	Chaney also co-wrote the story that this film was based on Released in the U.K. as Heart of a Wolf<ref name="lonchaney.org"/>
1922	Flesh and Blood	David Webster	Working title was Fires of Vengeance; re-released in 1927; available on DVD
1922	The Light in the Dark	Tony Pantelli	Later edited down into a shorter version called The Light of Faith<ref name="lonchaney.org"/> Only the short version is available on DVD
1922	Oliver Twist	Fagin	Available on DVD
1922	Shadows	Yen Sin, the Heathen	Available on DVD
1922	Quincy Adams Sawyer	Obadiah Strout	Lost film
1922	A Blind Bargain	Dual Role as Dr. Arthur Lamb/ The Ape Man	Based on the novel The Octave of Claudius Lost film<ref name="lonchaney.org"/>
1923	All the Brothers Were Valiant	Mark Shore	Lost film
1923	While Paris Sleeps	Henri Santodos,a sculptor	Working title was The Glory of Love Film was made in 1920, but only released in 1923 Lost film<ref name="lonchaney.org"/>
1923	The Shock	Wilse Dilling	Working title was Bittersweet<ref name="lonchaney.org"/> Available on DVD
1923	The Hunchback of Notre Dame	Quasimodo	Assisted as makeup artist (uncredited) Available on DVD
1924	The Next Corner	Juan Serafin	Lost film
1924	He Who Gets Slapped	Dual role as both Paul Beaumont and "HE"	Available on DVD Inducted into National Film Registry in 2017.
1925	The Monster	Dr. Ziska	Available on DVD
1925	The Phantom of the Opera	The Phantom	Asst. director, makeup (uncredited) Available on DVD Inducted to National Film Registry in 1998.
1925	The Unholy Three	Dual role as Echo and the Old Lady	Remade as a sound film in 1930, again starring Chaney Available on DVD
1925	The Tower of Lies	Jan	Lost film
1926	The Blackbird	Dual role as The Blackbird and The Bishop	A.k.a. The Black Bird Available on DVD
1926	The Road to Mandalay	Singapore Joe	The film's working title was Singapore A condensed version with French subtitles exists in some museums
1926	Tell It to the Marines	Sergeant O'Hara	Available on DVD
1927	Mr. Wu	Dual role as Mr. Wu and Mr. Wu's grandfather	Available on DVD
1927	The Unknown	Alonzo the Armless	Available on DVD
1927	Mockery	Sergei, a Russian peasant	Working title was Terror<ref name="lonchaney.org"/> Available on DVD
1927	London After Midnight	Dual role as Professor Edward C. Burke and The Vampire	Alternate title: The Hypnotist Makeup artist also (uncredited) Lost film
1928	The Big City	Chuck Collins	Lost film
1928	Laugh, Clown, Laugh	Tito the Clown	A near complete print exists Available on DVD
1928	While the City Sleeps	Dan Coghlan	Incomplete print with some wear exists in some collections
1928	West of Zanzibar	Phroso	Available on DVD
1929	Where East Is East	Tiger Haynes	Available on DVD
1929	Thunder	Grumpy Anderson	Mostly a lost film; only a few minutes survives
1930	The Unholy Three (Sound Remake)<ref>Herzogenrath, Bernd, ed. The Cinema of Tod Browning: Essays of the Macabre and Grotesque. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2008. Template:ISBN.</ref>	Dual role as Echo and the Old Lady	Available on DVD

Gallery: The Man of a Thousand Faces

• Lon Chaney Treasure Island 1920 Cropped.png

  Blind Pew in Treasure Island (1920)

• Lon Chaney Fagin I.jpg

  Fagin in Oliver Twist (1922)

• Lon Chaney London After Midnight Portrait.jpg

  "Hypnotist" in London After Midnight (1927)

Bibliography

• Anderson, Robert Gordon. Faces, Forms, Films: The Artistry of Lon Chaney. South Brunswick, New Jersey: A. S. Barnes, 1971. Template:ISBN.
• Blackmar, Frank W., ed. Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Embracing Events, Institutions, Industries, Counties, Cities, Towns, Prominent Persons, etc.. Chicago : Standard Publishing Company, 1912.
• Blake, Michael F. The Films of Lon Chaney. Vestal, New York: Vestal Press, 1998. Template:ISBN.
• Blake, Michael F. A Thousand Faces: Lon Chaney's Unique Artistry in Motion Pictures. Vestal, New York: Vestal Press, 1997. Template:ISBN.
• Blake, Michael F. Lon Chaney: The Man Behind the Thousand Faces. Vestal, New York: Vestal Press, 1997.
• Blum, Daniel. Pictorial History of the Silent Screen. New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1953. Template:ISBN.
• Dick, Bernard F. City of Dreams: The Making and Remaking of Universal Pictures. Lexington, Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky, 1997. Template:ISBN.
• Fleming, E.J. Paul Bern: The Life and Famous Death of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Director and Husband of Harlow. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2009. Template:ISBN.
• Guiley, Rosemary. The Encyclopedia of Vampires, Werewolves, and Other Monsters. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2004. Template:ISBN.
• Herzogenrath, Bernd, ed. The Cinema of Tod Browning: Essays of the Macabre and Grotesque. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2008. Template:ISBN.
• LaSalle, Mick. Complicated Women: Sex and Power in Pre-Code Hollywood. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, an imprint of St. Martin's Press, 2000. Template:ISBN.
• Locan, Clarence A. "The Lon Chaney I Knew," Photoplay, November 1930, p. 58.
• "Lon Chaney's Make-up," Photoplay, March 1922, p. 43.
• Riley, Philip J. MagicImage Filmbooks Presents The Wolf Man. Chesterfield, New Jersey: MagicImage Filmbooks, 1993. Template:ISBN.
• Sangster, Margaret E. "Lon Chaney" (poem), Photoplay, October 1930, p. 40.
• Schikel, Richard and Allen Hurlburt. The Stars. New York: Bonanza Books, a division of Crown Publishers, 1962. Template:ISBN.
• Slide, Anthony. Silent Players: A Biographical and Autobiographical Study of 100 Silent Film Actors and Actresses. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 2010. Template:ISBN.
• Smith, Don G. Lon Chaney Jr.: Horror Film Star, 1906–1973. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2004. Template:ISBN.
• Vogel, Michelle. Olive Borden: The Life and Films of Hollywood's 'Joy Girl'. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2010. Template:ISBN.

External links

• Template:Official website
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