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The PZL-Mielec M-18 Dromader (English: "Dromedary") is a single engine agricultural aircraft that is manufactured by PZL-Mielec in Poland. The aircraft is used mainly as a cropduster or firefighting machine.
DevelopmentEdit
PZL-Mielec, then known as WSK-Mielec, began to design the Dromader in the mid 1970s, with help of United States aircraft manufacturer Rockwell International. PZL-Mielec asked for Rockwell's help because of the political situation at the time: operating in an Eastern Bloc country, PZL wanted the aircraft to sell well worldwide, and the company realized that certification by the United States Federal Aviation Administration would be important in reaching that goal. Rockwell on the other hand wanted to fit Polish high-power radial engines into its agricultural planes. As a result of this cooperation the Rockwell Thrush Commander aircraft was fitted with the PZL-3 engine, and the Polish designers created the higher payload M-18 Dromader by introducing the more powerful ASz-62 engine, making structural changes to the airframe, and increasing dimensions. The cooperation led to the Dromader sharing outer wing panels and part of the fuselage with the Thrush Commander.
The first prototype of the aircraft flew on August 27, 1976. In September 1978, the aircraft was given certification to fly in Poland. Certifications from many countries around the world followed soon.
During the 1980s, PZL envisaged a family of related designs based on the M-18, optimised for different capacities. The M-21 Dromader Mini and M-24 Dromader Super flew in prototype form, and a M-25 Dromader Mikro was designed. However, none of these saw production.
Many aircraft of the M-18 type and its variations can still be seen around the world. They were sold to 24 countries, over 200 are used in the US.<ref name=mielec/> In 2008, fifteen were sold to China.<ref name=grusz/> In 2012, PZL-Mielec was still selling models M-18B and M-18BS, with 759 built in total.<ref name=mielec>M-18 Dromader on PZL Mielec homepage Template:Webarchive [retrieved 24-1-2012] {in Polish}</ref> Template:Asof, the Dromader was sold by PZL-Mielec, but the production has been halted.<ref name=grusz>Gruszczyński, Jerzy. W pierwszej lidze dostawców, "Lotnictwo Aviation International" Nr. 9/2017, p. 35-36 (in Polish)</ref> The produced aircraft are still refurbished instead, with new engines (produced by WSK "PZL-Kalisz").<ref name=grusz/> There are plans to acquire rights and renew the production in WZL-2 in Bydgoszcz.<ref name=grusz/>
VariantsEdit
- M-18
- original one-seat production version, Template:As of available for special orders only.
- M-18A
- two seater available from 1984 onwards. Allows a mechanic or chemical loader to be carried as a passenger to remote fields.
- M-18AS
- two-cockpit trainer version
- M-18B
- refined version of M-18A with increased capacity, flown in 1993.
- M-18BS
- two-cockpit trainer.
- M-18C
- version with more powerful 895 kW (1,200 hp) Kalisz K-9 engine. Flown in 1995 but not produced.
- AII AVA-303
- The M-18 is being built in Iran as the AVA-303.
OperatorsEdit
MilitaryEdit
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- Croatian Air Force - Former operator.
- Template:SRB - Agricultural Aviation
CivilEdit
The Dromader is in service with aerial agriculture and other companies in many countries, operating in a variety of roles. The former Yugoslav Airline, Jugoslovenski Aerotransport, used it for cropspraying. Turkish Aeronautical Association uses it for firefighting.
Specifications (M18B Dromader)Edit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Jackson, Paul. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003. Template:ISBN.
- Taylor, Michael J. H. Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000. London: Brassey's, 1999. Template:ISBN.