Malcolm Gladwell

Template:Short description Template:Redirect Template:Use Canadian English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox person Malcolm Timothy Gladwell Template:Post-nominals (born 3 September 1963) is a Canadian journalist, author, and public speaker.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He has been a staff writer for The New Yorker since 1996. He has published eight books. He is also the host of the podcast Revisionist History and co-founder of the podcast company Pushkin Industries.

Gladwell's writings often deal with the unexpected implications of research in the social sciences, such as sociology and psychology, and make frequent and extended use of academic work. Gladwell was appointed to the Order of Canada in 2011.<ref name=":0">"Governor General Announces 50 New Appointments to the Order of Canada", The Governor General of Canada, 30 June 2011.</ref>

Early life and educationEdit

Gladwell was born in Fareham, Hampshire, United Kingdom. His mother Joyce (née Nation) Gladwell, is a Jamaican psychotherapist. His father, Graham Gladwell, was a mathematics professor from Kent, England.<ref name=guardiantheman>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> When he was six his family moved from Southampton to the Mennonite community of Elmira, Ontario, Canada.<ref name=guardiantheman/> He has two brothers.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Throughout his childhood, Malcolm lived in rural Ontario Mennonite country, where he attended a Mennonite church.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Author Malcolm Gladwell finds his faith again">Template:Cite news</ref> Research done by historian Henry Louis Gates Jr. revealed that one of Gladwell's maternal ancestors was a Jamaican free woman of colour (mixed black and white) who was a slaveowner.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His great-great-great-grandmother was of Igbo ethnicity from Nigeria. In the epilogue of his 2008 book Outliers he describes many lucky circumstances that came to his family over the course of several generations, contributing to his path towards success.<ref>Outliers p. 270</ref> Gladwell has said that his mother is his role model as a writer.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Gladwell's father noted that Malcolm was an unusually single-minded and ambitious boy.<ref name=telegraph>Preston, John (26 October 2009). Malcolm Gladwell Interview. The Telegraph.</ref> When Malcolm was 11, his father, a professor of mathematics and engineering at the University of Waterloo,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> allowed his son to wander around the offices at his university, which stoked the boy's interest in reading and libraries.<ref name=timeoutliers>Grossman, Lev (13 November 2008). "Outliers: Malcolm Gladwell's Success Story", Time.</ref> In the spring of 1982, Gladwell interned with the National Journalism Center in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He graduated with a bachelor's degree in history from Trinity College of the University of Toronto in 1984.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

CareerEdit

Gladwell decided to pursue advertising as a career after college.<ref name=timeoutliers/><ref name=nyt>Template:Cite news</ref> After being rejected by every advertising agency he applied to, he accepted a journalism position at conservative magazine The American Spectator and moved to Indiana.<ref name="IanSample"/> He subsequently wrote for Insight on the News, a conservative magazine owned by Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church.<ref name="Shafer">Template:Cite magazine</ref> In 1987, Gladwell began covering business and science for The Washington Post, where he worked until 1996.<ref name=cooper>Malcolm Gladwell will be The Cooper Union's 152nd Commencement Speaker. The Cooper Union. 22 March 2011. Template:Webarchive</ref> In a personal elucidation of the 10,000-hour rule he popularized in Outliers, Gladwell notes, "I was a basket case at the beginning, and I felt like an expert at the end. It took 10 years—exactly that long."<ref name=timeoutliers/>

When Gladwell started at The New Yorker in 1996, he wanted to "mine current academic research for insights, theories, direction, or inspiration".<ref name=telegraph/> His first assignment was to write a piece about fashion. Instead of writing about high-class fashion, Gladwell opted to write a piece about a man who manufactured T-shirts, saying: "[I]t was much more interesting to write a piece about someone who made a T-shirt for $8 than it was to write about a dress that costs $100,000. I mean, you or I could make a dress for $100,000, but to make a T-shirt for $8—that's much tougher."<ref name=telegraph/>

Gladwell gained popularity with two New Yorker articles, both written in 1996: "The Tipping Point" and "The Coolhunt".<ref>"The Coolhunt" Template:Webarchive, gladwell.com; accessed 17 January 2016.</ref><ref name=Salon/> These two pieces would become the basis for Gladwell's first book, The Tipping Point, for which he received a $1 million advance.<ref name=nyt/><ref name=Salon>Template:Cite news</ref> He continues to write for The New Yorker. Gladwell also served as a contributing editor for Grantland, a sports journalism website founded by former ESPN columnist Bill Simmons.

In a July 2002 article in The New Yorker, Gladwell introduced the concept of the "talent myth" that companies and organizations, in his view, incorrectly follow.<ref name=myth>Template:Cite magazine</ref> This work examines different managerial and administrative techniques that companies, both winners and losers, have used. He states that the misconception seems to be that management and executives are all too ready to classify employees without ample performance records and thus make hasty decisions. Many companies believe in disproportionately rewarding "stars" over other employees with bonuses and promotions. However, with the quick rise of inexperienced workers with little in-depth performance review, promotions are often incorrectly made, putting employees into positions they should not have and keeping other, more experienced employees from rising. He also points out that under this system, narcissistic personality types are more likely to climb the ladder, since they are more likely to take more credit for achievements and take less blame for failure.<ref name=myth/> He states both that narcissists make the worst managers and that the system of rewarding "stars" eventually worsens a company's position. Gladwell states that the most successful long-term companies are those who reward experience above all else and require greater time for promotions.<ref name=myth/>

WorksEdit

With the release of Revenge of the Tipping Point: Overstories, Superspreaders, and the Rise of Social Engineering in 2024, Gladwell has had eight books published.

When asked for the process behind his writing, he said: "I have two parallel things I'm interested in. One is, I'm interested in collecting interesting stories, and the other is I'm interested in collecting interesting research. What I'm looking for is cases where they overlap".<ref name=aps>Jaffe, Eric. "Malcolm in the Middle" Template:Webarchive, psychologicalscience.org, March 2006.</ref>