Manche
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}}Template:Main other Manche (Template:IPAc-en, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}; Norman: {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) is a coastal French département in Normandy on the English Channel, which is known as {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, literally "the sleeve", in French. Manche is bordered by Ille-et-Vilaine and Mayenne to the south, Orne and Calvados to the east, the English Channel to the west and north and by sharing maritime borders with the Crown Dependencies of Bailiwick of Jersey and Bailiwick of Guernsey of the United Kingdom to the west. It had a population of 495,045 in 2019.<ref name=pop2019>Populations légales 2019: 50 Hérault, INSEE</ref>
HistoryEdit
Manche is one of the original 83 Departments of France, established during the French Revolution on 26 February 1790. It was created from part of the province of Normandy.
The capital was Coutances until 1796, and it resumed that role after World War II because of the almost complete destruction of Saint-Lô during the Battle of Normandy following D-Day. When Saint-Lô was rebuilt, it once again became the capital.
GeographyEdit
The department includes the Cotentin Peninsula down to the famous Mont St Michel. Of the Channel Islands, only the island of Chausey forms part of the territory of the department.
Manche borders the Normandy departments of Calvados to the east and Orne to the southeast. Mayenne, a department of the Pays de la Loire, is to the south-east, and Ille-et-Vilaine in Brittany is to the south-west and it shares maritime borders with Bailiwick of Jersey and Bailiwick of Guernsey of the United Kingdom to the west. The salient of this department is the longest in France. It is also the second longest Template:Define in Europe, after Odesa Oblast in Ukraine.
The region is lush and green with sandy beaches and remains oriented towards farming. The peninsula was originally joined as a single land mass to Cornwall and Dorset in England, meaning that the underlying geological strata of both regions are very similar. However, there are substantial regional differences today in terms of flora and fauna, and farming practices have varied considerably between the United Kingdom and France. Flat marsh areas in the department attract many bird-watchers. The region in and around St Lô is also the equestrian capital of France, where the cooler climate compared to the south is ideal for breeding and training.
France's first EPR nuclear reactor is under construction at Flamanville near Cherbourg and is planned to start operations in late 2023.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Principal townsEdit
The most populous commune is Cherbourg-en-Cotentin; and the prefecture Saint-Lô is the second-most populous. As of 2019, there are six communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>
| Commune | Population (2019) |
|---|---|
| Cherbourg-en-Cotentin | 78,549 |
| Saint-Lô | 19,050 |
| Granville | 12,513 |
| La Hague | 11,173 |
| Avranches | 10,264 |
| Carentan-les-Marais | 10,052 |
ClimateEdit
The climate is oceanic with relatively mild winters in which temperatures go below zero only for a few days. Summer temperatures are usually around 20 °C, and can occasionally reach 35 °C in direct sunlight. Precipitation is heavy but varies greatly by region, from 700mm on the coast to 1300mm in the southern central area. Highly localised but not life-threatening flash flooding has been experienced during the last few springs.
The west coast benefits from the influence of the Gulf Stream and this has enabled the naturalization of Mediterranean and exotic plants such as mimosas, palms, and agaves.
There is often a sea breeze on the coast, which combined with tides, contributes to rapid temperature changes in the course of a single day. Sea temperatures can be very pleasant for swimming between June and October.
DemographicsEdit
Inhabitants of the department are called Manchots or Manchois.
Population development since 1801:Template:Historical populations
PoliticsEdit
The president of the Departmental Council is Jean Morin, elected in July 2021.
Presidential elections, 2nd roundEdit
| Election | Winning Candidate | Party | % | 2nd Place Candidate | Party | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | 2022 | Emmanuel Macron | LREM | 59.61 | Marine Le Pen | FN | 40.39 | |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | 2017<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Emmanuel Macron | LREM | 67.23 | Marine Le Pen | FN | 32.77 |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | 2012 | Nicolas Sarkozy | UMP | 50.10 | François Hollande | PS | 49.90 | |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | 2007 | Nicolas Sarkozy | UMP | 56.17 | Ségolène Royal | PS | 43.83 | |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | 2002 | Jacques Chirac | RPR | 85.31 | Jean-Marie Le Pen | FN | 14.69 | |
Current National Assembly RepresentativesEdit
| Constituency | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>!!Party | |
|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Manche's 1st constituency | Philippe Gosselin | The Republicans |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Manche's 2nd constituency | Bertrand Sorre | Renaissance |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Manche's 3rd constituency | Stéphane Travert | Renaissance |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Manche's 4th constituency | Anna Pic | Socialist Party |
SportsEdit
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- Football: main clubs: AS Cherbourg, US Avranches, FC Saint-Lô, US Granville, CS Villedieu, FC Équeurdreville-Hainneville...
- Cycling: the Tour de France has visited the department 21 times with stages ending at Cherbourg (16), Avranches (2), Granville (1), Saint-Hilaire-du-Harcouët (1), and the Mont-Saint-Michel (1).
- Sailing: the Solitaire du Figaro has come to Cherbourg several times.
- Tennis: hosts the Challenger La Manche tournament.
- Thai boxing: Villedieu-les-Poêles
- Badminton: Two local clubs compete in the national championship (N3): St Hilaire du Harcouet and Hainneville.
- Golf: course: Granville, Bréhal, Coutainville, Cherbourg, Centre Manche, Fontenay, Côte des Isles
TourismEdit
- MontStMichel.jpg
- Sound de chausey par mauvais temps.JPG
Chausey islands
- Coutances vue nord.jpg
- Tour Vauban, Tatihou, Saint Vaast La Hougue 01.jpg
- Le Redoutable.jpg
- Utah Beach 2006-Sherman.jpg
A monument of the Normandy landings in Utah Beach
See alsoEdit
- Cantons of the Manche department
- Communes of the Manche department
- Arrondissements of the Manche department
- Cotentinais, the Norman dialect of Manche.
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
Template:Sister project Template:AmCyc Poster
- Template:In lang Prefecture website
- Template:In lang Departmental Council website
- Template:In lang A wiki about the Manche
- Template:In lang Comité départemental du tourisme de la Manche
{{#invoke:Navbox|navbox}} Template:Authority control