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A manifesto is a written declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party, or government.<ref>Merriam-Webster online dictionary definition of Manifesto Template:Webarchive.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}, article on "Wahlprogramm", literally "election programme".</ref><ref>Dictionary.com definition of Manifesto Template:Webarchive.</ref><ref> David Robertson, The Routledge Dictionary of Politics, Edition 3, Psychology Press, 1890 p. 295 Template:Webarchive, Template:ISBN, 9780415323772</ref> A manifesto can accept a previously published opinion or public consensus, but many prominent manifestos—such as The Communist Manifesto (1848) and those of various artistic movements—reject accepted knowledge in favor of a new idea.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Manifestos relating to religious belief are generally referred to as creeds or confessions of faith.
EtymologyEdit
The Italian word {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, itself derived from the Latin {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, meaning "clear" or "conspicuous". Its first recorded use in English is from 1620, in Nathaniel Brent's translation of the Italian from Paolo Sarpi's History of the Council of Trent: "To this citation he made answer by a Manifesto" (p. 102). Similarly, "They were so farre surprised with his Manifesto, that they would never suffer it to be published" (p. 103).<ref>Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. “manifesto (n.),” July 2023, https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/6450578191. From N. Brent, translation of P. Sarpi, Historie of Councel of Trent 103.</ref>
Notable examplesEdit
- The Declaration of Independence of the United States (1776) by the Committee of Five
- The Communist Manifesto (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
- Mein Kampf (1925) by Adolf Hitler
- Industrial Society and Its Future (1995) by Theodore John Kaczynski
- The Agile Manifesto (2001) by Martin Fowler and Jim Highsmith
- The Revolution: A Manifesto (2008) by Ron Paul