Mary Hunter Austin
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Mary Hunter Austin (September 9, 1868 – August 13, 1934) was an American writer. One of the early nature writers of the American Southwest, her classic The Land of Little Rain (1903) describes the fauna, flora, and people of the region between the High Sierra and the Mojave Desert of southern California.
Early years and educationEdit
Mary Hunter Austin was born on September 9, 1868, in Carlinville, Illinois (the fourth of six children) to Susannah (née Graham) and George Hunter. She graduated from Blackburn College in 1888. Her family moved to California in the same year and established a homestead in the San Joaquin Valley.<ref name="NM">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
MarriageEdit
She married Stafford Wallace Austin on May 18, 1891, in Bakersfield, California.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He was from Hawaii, a graduate of the University of California, Berkeley,<ref name="NM"/> a United States General Land Office employee, and, later, a Potash War lawyer.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
CareerEdit
For 17 years, Austin made a special study of the lives of the indigenous peoples of the Mojave Desert. Her publications set forth the intimate knowledge she thus acquired. She was a prolific novelist, poet, critic, and playwright, as well as an early feminist and defender of Native American and Spanish-American rights.
Austin is best known for her tribute to the deserts of California, The Land of Little Rain (1903).<ref name="Rolfe">Template:Cite news</ref> Her play The Arrow Maker, dealing with Indian life, was produced at the New Theatre (New York) in 1911, the same year she published a rhapsodic tribute to her acquaintance H. G. Wells as a producer of "informing, vitalizing, indispensable books" in the American Magazine.
Austin and her husband were involved in the local California Water Wars, after which the water of Owens Valley eventually was drained to supply Los Angeles.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
When the battle was lost, after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, Stafford moved<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> to Death Valley, California and Mary relocated<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> to the art colony at Carmel-by-the-Sea, California.<ref name="edwards">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> There Austin was part of the cultural circle that included Jack London, Ambrose Bierce, Harry Leon Wilson, George Sterling, Nora May French, Arnold Genthe, James Hopper, Alice MacGowan, Joaquin Miller, Gelett Burgess, Sinclair Lewis, and Xavier Martinez. Two years after developing a friendship with Austin in 1904, Sterling enticed her to join him in Carmel.<ref name="edwards"/>Template:Rp
In 1906, she had a tree house constructed, that she called “Wick-i-up”,<ref>
- http://www.pineconearchive.com/120210PCRE.pdf
- https://carmel.novusagenda.com/agendapublic/DisplayAgendaPDF.ashx?MeetingID=1172
- https://documents.coastal.ca.gov/reports/2023/7/W14a/W14a-7-2023-exhibits.pdf
- http://www.pineconearchive.com/090605PCRE.pdf
- https://books.google.com/books?id=vsfoKsxi4q4C&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=%22Wick-I-Up%22
- https://books.google.com/books?id=GtRzAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA142&lpg=PA142&dq=%22Wick-I-Up%22
- https://archive.org/download/wholeearthsummer00unse_4/wholeearthsummer00unse_4.pdf
- https://ci.carmel.ca.us/sites/main/files/file-attachments/homes_of_famous_carmelites_0.pdf?1564762654</ref> built by M.J. Murphy, based on a design by San Francisco architect Louis Christian Mullgardt. She wrote much of her writings from this tree house.<ref name=“Cottages”/> Austin hired Murphy in 1907 to create a Craftsman-style cottage she called "Rose Cottage." The property is located at the intersection of 4th Avenue and Monte Verde Street. The cottage has gardens and two gates with paths leading to it. At this cottage, she entertained her friends, including London, Sterling, and Lewis.<ref name=“Cottages”>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Today, the cottage is listed as the Mary Austin House with the Carmel Inventory Of Historic Resources,<ref name="Inventory">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and was recorded with the Department of Parks and Recreation as significant under California register criterion as the home of one of the bohemian founders of the artist colony at Carmel.<ref name="DPR">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Austin was one of the founders of the local Forest Theater, where in 1913 she premiered and directed her three-act play Fire. In July 1914, she joined William Merritt Chase, the distinguished New York painter who was teaching his last summer class in Carmel, at several society "teas" and privately in his studio, where he finished her portrait. The well-known artist Jennie V. Cannon reported that he began the painting as a class demonstration after Austin claimed that two of her portraits, which were executed by famous artists in the Latin Quarter of Paris, had already been accepted to the Salon.<ref name=edwards /> Apparently, Chase was not deterred by Austin's "pushiness and claims to extra-sensory perceptions", but was more interested in her appointment as director of East Coast publicity for San Francisco's Panama–Pacific International Exposition.<ref name=edwards /><ref name="fink">Template:Cite book</ref> On July 25, 1914, Chase attended her Indian melodrama in the Forest Theater, The Arrow Maker, and confessed to Cannon that he found the play dreary. Apparently, Dr. Daniel MacDougal, head of the local Carnegie Institute, paid for most of her production costs, because of his not-so-secret love affair with the writer.<ref name=edwards /><ref name="stineman">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=fink /> In August 1914, one of Chase's students, Helena Wood Smith, was strangled and buried on the beach by her lover, art-photographer George Kodani,<ref name="edwards" /><ref>Edan Hughes, Artists in California, 786-1940 (San Francisco: Crocker Art Museum, 2002)</ref> Austin joined the mob who disparaged local authorities for their alleged incompetence.<ref name=edwards /> After 1914 her visits to Carmel were relatively brief.
After visiting Santa Fe in 1918, Austin helped establish The Santa Fe Little Theatre<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> (still operating today as The Santa Fe Playhouse<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>) and directed the group's first production held February 14, 1919, at the art museum's St. Francis Auditorium.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Austin also was active in preserving the local culture of New Mexico, establishing the Spanish Colonial Arts Society in 1925 with artist Frank Applegate.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
In 1929, while living in New Mexico, Austin co-authored a book with photographer Ansel Adams. Published a year later, the book, Taos Pueblo, was printed in a limited edition of only 108 copies. It now is quite rare because, rather than reproductions, it included photographs made by Adams.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Death and legacyEdit
Austin died August 13, 1934, in Santa Fe.
Mount Mary Austin, in the Sierra Nevada, was named in her honor.<ref name="gnis">Template:Cite gnis</ref> It is located 8.5 miles west of her long time home in Independence, California.
The Austin home in Independence, California, designed and built by the couple, became a California Historical Landmark.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- The California Historical Landmark reads:
- CHL No. 229 Austin Home - Inyo NO. 229 MARY AUSTIN'S HOME - Mary Austin, author of The Land of Little Rain and other volumes that picture the beauty of Owens Valley, lived in Independence. "But if ever you come beyond the borders as far as the town that lies in a hill dimple at the foot of Kearsarge, never leave it until you have knocked at the door of the brown house under the willow-tree at the end of the village street, and there you shall have such news of the land, of its trails and what is astir in them, as one lover of it can give to another ..." excerpt from The Land of Little Rain.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Her home in Santa Fe, at 439 Camino del Monte Sol, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing building in the Camino del Monte Sol Historic District.<ref name=nrhpdoc-Camino>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} With Template:NRHP url</ref>
A biography was published in 1939.<ref>Helen McKnight Doyle, Mary Austin: Woman of Genius (New York: Gotham House, 1939).</ref> A 1950 edition of The Land of Little Rain and a 1977 edition of Taos Pueblo each included photographs by Ansel Adams. A teleplay of The Land of Little Rain was written by Doris Baizley and presented on American Playhouse in 1989; it starred Helen Hunt.
Selected worksEdit
- The Land of Little Rain (1903), an account of the California Desert. Template:OCLC search link
- full-text edition (Internet Archive)
- The Land of Little Rain at the Library of Congress (scanned images and text)
- The Basket Woman (1904), a book of Indian myths and fanciful tales for children. Template:OCLC search link
- Isidro (book) (1905), a romance of Mission days. Template:OCLC search link
- The Flock (1906), an account of the shepherd industry of California. Template:OCLC search link
- Santa Lucia (1908), a novel. Template:OCLC search link
- Lost Borders, the people of the desert (1909). Template:OCLC search link
- The Arrow Maker – A Drama in Three Acts (1911). Template:OCLC search link<ref name=Browne>From 1921 through 1930 Fire and The Arrow Maker were produced outdoors in Tahquitz Canyon near Palm Springs, California. See: Template:Cite news</ref>
- A Woman of Genius (1912).<ref name="Rolfe"/> Template:OCLC search link
- Fire: a drama in three acts (1914)<ref name=Browne /><ref>Template:Cite journalTemplate:OCLC</ref><ref>Performed as an outdoor pageant at Tahquitz Canyon, Palm Springs, California in 1921. Template:Cite book Template:OCLC</ref>
- The Ford (1917).<ref name="Rolfe"/> Template:OCLC search link
- The Trail Book (1918). Template:OCLC search link
- ''The Young Woman Citizen (1918). Template:OCLC search link
- Outland (1919). Template:OCLC search link
- No. 26 Jayne Street (1920). Template:OCLC search link
- The American Rhythm (1923). Template:OCLC search link
- The Land of Journeys' Ending (1924). Template:OCLC search link
- Everyman's Genius (1925). Template:OCLC search link
- Lands of the Sun (1927). Template:OCLC search link
- Taos Pueblo (1930). Template:OCLC search link
- Experiences Facing Death (1931). Template:OCLC search link
- Starry Adventure (1931). Template:OCLC search link
- Earth Horizon (1932), autobiography. Template:OCLC search link
- Non-English Writings II: Aboriginal The Cambridge History of American Literature Volume III Chapter XXXII pp. 610–634 (1933)
- Can Prayer Be Answered? (1934). Template:OCLC search link
- One-Smoke Stories (1934). Template:OCLC search link
- One Hundred Miles on Horseback (1887, 1963) (first published essay 1887, re-published posthumously). Template:OCLC search link
- Cactus Thorn (1927, 1988) (written ca. 1927, the novella was published posthumously). Template:OCLC search link
Poetry (incomplete list)Edit
- Rathers<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Prairie-Dog Town<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- Signs Of Spring<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- A Feller I Know<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- San Francisco<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- Caller of the Buffalo<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- The Lighthouse And The Whistle-Buoy<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Further readingEdit
- Alaimo, Stacy. "The undomesticated nature of feminism: Mary Austin and the progressive women conservationists." Studies In American Fiction 26, no. 1 (Spring 98 1998): 73–96.
- Baer, Morley, Room and Time Enough, The Land of Mary Austin, Northland Press, Flagstaff, Arizona 1979, Template:ISBN
- Becher, Anne and Richey, Joseph. American Environmental Leaders: From Colonial Times to the Present (2 vol, 2nd ed. 2008) vol 1 online pp. 33–36.
- Hoffman, Abraham. "Mary Austin, Stafford Austin, and the Owens Valley." Journal of the Southwest, 53 (Autumn–Winter 2011): 305–322.
- Pearce, Thomas Matthews. Mary Hunter Austin New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc., 1965. Template:Isbn<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Savage Brosman, Catherine, Southwestern Women Writers and the Vision of Goodness: Mary Austin, Willa Cather, Laura Adams Armer, Peggy Pond Church and Alice Marriott, McFarland, 2016 Template:ISBN
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- Mary Hunter Austin @ britannica.com
- Mary Hunter Austin @ encyclopedia.com
- Austin (Mary Hunter) Papers - Online Archive of California
- https://www.poetrynook.com/poet/mary-austin
- https://www.familyfriendpoems.com/poet/mary-austin/
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- Template:Internet Archive author
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- Willa Cather to Mary Hunter Austin, 26 June 1926
- Mary Austin page, works and reviews @ wsu.edu
- Mary Hunter Austin (1868-1934) @ Literary Ladies Guide
- Mary Austin @ Western American Literature Journal
- Mary Hunter Austin Collection at the Autry Museum of the American West
- The Austins' house, California Historical Landmark 229
- The Inyo County Museum of Eastern California, a block from the Austin's former house in Independence, has a permanent exhibition about Austin's life and work.