Maurice Utrillo
Template:Short description Template:Infobox artist Maurice Utrillo ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}; born Maurice Valadon; 26 December 1883 – 5 November 1955) was a French painter of the School of Paris who specialized in cityscapes. From the Montmartre quarter of Paris, France, Utrillo is one of the few famous painters of Montmartre to have been born there.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
BiographyEdit
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Utrillo was the son of the artist Suzanne Valadon (born Marie-Clémentine Valadon), who was then an eighteen-year-old artist's model. She never revealed the father of her child; speculation exists that he was the offspring of a liaison with an equally young amateur painter named Boissy, or with the well-established painter Pierre-Cécile Puvis de Chavannes, or even with Renoir.<ref name="The New Yorker - 7 February 2012 - Renoir at The Frick: Go See Dance at Bougival">Template:Cite magazine</ref> (See below under Paternity). In 1891 a Spanish artist, Miquel Utrillo, signed a legal document acknowledging paternity, although the question remains as to whether he was in fact the child's father.Template:Sfn
Valadon, who became a model after a fall from a trapeze ended her chosen career as a circus acrobat,Template:Sfn found that posing for Berthe Morisot, Renoir, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and others provided her with an opportunity to study their techniques. She taught herself to paint, and when Toulouse-Lautrec introduced her to Edgar Degas, he became her mentor. Eventually, she became a peer of the artists she had posed for.
Meanwhile, her mother was left to raise the young Maurice, who soon showed a troubling inclination toward truancy and alcoholism.Template:Sfn When schizophrenia took hold of the 21-year-old Utrillo in 1904, his mother encouraged him to take up painting. He soon showed real artistic talent. With no training beyond what his mother taught him, he drew and painted what he saw in Montmartre. After 1910 his work attracted critical attention, and by 1920 he was internationally acclaimed. In 1928, the French government awarded him the Cross of the Légion d'honneur.Template:Sfn Throughout his life, however, he was interned in mental asylums repeatedly.
Today, tourists to the area will find many of his paintings on postcards, one of which is his very popular 1936 painting entitled Montmartre Street Corner or Lapin Agile.
In middle age Utrillo became fervently religious and in 1935, at the age of fifty-two, he married Lucie Valore and moved to Le Vésinet, just outside Paris. By that time, he was too ill to work in the open air and painted landscapes viewed from windows, from postcards, and from memory.
Although his life also was plagued by alcoholism, he lived into his seventies. Maurice Utrillo died on 5 November 1955 in Hotel Splendid in Dax, at age 72,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> of a lung disease, and was buried in the Cimetière Saint-Vincent in Montmartre.
PaternityEdit
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An apocryphal anecdote told by Diego Rivera concerning Utrillo's paternity is related in the unpublished memoirs of one of his American collectors, Ruth Bakwin:
"After Maurice was born to Suzanne Valadon, she went to Renoir, for whom she had modeled nine months previously. Renoir looked at the baby and said, 'He can't be mine, the color is terrible!' Next she went to Degas, for whom she had also modeled. He said, 'He can't be mine, the form is terrible!' At a cafe, Valadon saw an artist she knew named Miguel Utrillo, to whom she spilled her woes. The man told her to call the baby Utrillo: 'I would be glad to put my name to the work of either Renoir or Degas!'"<ref>'Parting With the Family van Gogh' in the New York Times, 22 April 2006</ref>
2010 exhibitions and saleEdit
In 2010, several retrospective exhibitions were staged, at Oglethorpe University Museum of Art<ref>"Pastel exhibit, Utrillo oils create colorful contrast at Oglethorpe", Chris North, reporter newspapers.net, 3 June 2010, accessed 1 December 2010</ref> and in Montmartre (Paris) that culminated in an auction of 30 of Utrillo's works on 30 November 2010<ref name="Pétridès">PAUL PÉTRIDÈS COLLECTION: 30 Works by Maurice Utrillo Template:Webarchive, accessed 1 December 2010 (Template:Ill (1901–93) was Utrillo's dealer from 1937, and the author of the catalogue raisonné of his work.)</ref> from the collection of Template:Ill, Utrillo's art dealer, whose Template:Ill also dealt with the likes of Jacques Thévenet. This follows the exhibition of Suzanne Valadon and Maurice Utrillo's works held in Paris in 2009.<ref name="Pétridès"/>
Nazi-looted artEdit
In 2022, Utrillo's Carrefour à Sannois which the Nazis had looted from the French Jewish art collector and dealer Georges Bernheim in 1940, was restituted to the heirs after a long legal battle. The city of Sannois (Val-d'Oise) had bought the painting at Sotheby's in 2004. In 2015 the Commission responsible for dealing with Nazi-looted art (the CIVS) advised the town that the painting had been looted. A new law voted by France's National Assembly in 2022 paved the way for restitution. <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In popular cultureEdit
Utrillo is played by Bruno Gouery in the 2024 film Modì, Three Days on the Wing of Madness directed and co-produced by Johnny Depp.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Selected worksEdit
- Maurice Utrillo - 'La Rue Norvins à Montmartre', oil on board painting, c. 1910.jpg
La Rue Norvins à Montmartre, 1910
- Place du Tertre.jpeg
Place du Tertre, 1911
- Musée des Beaux Arts de Nancy - Rue Lepic, le Moulin de la galette - M Utrillo.jpg
- Maurice Utrillo - Rue du Mont-Cenis (Marmottan).jpg
See alsoEdit
- Musée de Montmartre, former home in Montmartre
NotesEdit
BibliographyEdit
- Coughlan, Robert (1951). The Wine of Genius: A Life of Maurice Utrillo. New York: Harper & Brothers.
- Jean Fabris, Claude Wiart, Alain Buquet, Jean-Pierre Thiollet, Jacques Birr, Catherine Banlin-Lacroix, Joseph Foret: Utrillo, sa vie, son oeuvre (Utrillo, his life, his works), Editions Frédéric Birr, Paris, 1982.
- Longstreet, Stephen and Ethel (1958). Man of Montmartre: A Novel Based on the Life of Maurice Utrillo. New York: Funk & Wagnells.
- Template:Cite book
External linksEdit
- Hecht Museum
- Template:In lang site of Utrillo Estate
- ArtCyclopedia - Maurice Utrillo
- Works by Maurice UtrilloTemplate:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore