Mykolaiv Oblast

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Mykolaiv Oblast (Template:Langx, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}), also referred to as Mykolaivshchyna (Template:Langx, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}), is an oblast (province) of Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Mykolaiv. At the most recent estimate, the population of the oblast stood at Template:Ua-pop-est2022

History

File:НІАЗ Ольвія 09.jpg

Ruins of Olbia

Historically, at various times, the territory was ruled either entirely or partly by Scythia, ancient Greeks, Old Great Bulgaria, Khazars, Kipchaks, the Mongol Empire, Lithuania, the Crimean Khanate, the Ottoman Empire, Poland, and Russia. Historic cities of greatest importance were ancient Olbia and the late medieval port city of Ochakiv. In the late 17th and 18th centuries the tripoint of three early modern great powers, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Ottoman Empire and Russia, was located at the site of Pervomaisk, the current second-largest city of Mykolaiv Oblast, which was formed by the merger of the former Polish town of Bohopol, Russian town of Olviopol and Ottoman village of Holta.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The oblast was established within Soviet Ukraine in 1937. During World War II, it was occupied by Germany in 1941–1944.

Template:Further During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Russian army invaded the province from Kherson Oblast, attacking as far northwest as Voznesensk. They were repulsed at Voznesensk, and their attempt to take Mykolaiv failed. From April 2022, almost all of the province was under Ukrainian control, apart from the extreme south-east and the Kinburn peninsula. When Russia annexed Kherson Oblast in September 2022, it incorporated the occupied areas of Mykolaiv Oblast. A Ukrainian military official announced a Russian withdrawal from Mykolaiv Oblast on 10 November 2022.<ref>Ukraine war: Kyiv claims major gains as Russia exits Kherson, BBC News</ref>

On 4–5 July 2022 during an international Ukraine Recovery Conference (URC 2022) in Lugano, Switzerland pledged to support the rebuilding of Mykolaiv region.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Geography

Mykolaiv Oblast is located in the southern half of Ukraine. Its area (24,600 km²) comprises about 4.07% of the total area of Ukraine.

Mykolaiv Oblast borders upon Odesa Oblast in the west-southwest, Kirovohrad Oblast in the north, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast in the northeast, and Kherson Oblast on the southeast.

To the south, the oblast is also bordered by the Black Sea. To Mykolaiv Oblast belong Kinburn Peninsula, Berezan Island in Black Sea, Pervomaisky Island in Dnieper Estuary.

Historically, it is located in Yedisan (central and southern parts), Zaporizhzhia (northern part) and Podolia (north-western part). Pervomaisk, the second largest city of the province, is located at the tripoint of the three historic regions.

In regards to relief, Mykolaiv Oblast is a plain that gently slopes in southern direction.<ref name=ehuvermenych2009>Vermenych, Ya. Mykolaiv Oblast (МИКОЛАЇВСЬКА ОБЛАСТЬ). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2009</ref> Bigger portion of the territory lays within Black Sea Lowland.<ref name=ehuvermenych2009/> To the north there are spurs of Podolian and Dnieper uplands.<ref name=ehuvermenych2009/> Among major valuable deposits and minerals there are nickel, uranium ores, granite, gneiss, quartzites.<ref name=ehuvermenych2009/>

The climate is moderately continental with a mild winter of small snow amount and hot arid summer.<ref name=ehuvermenych2009/>

In the territory of the region are eighty-five rivers that belong to basin of the Black Sea.<ref name=ehuvermenych2009/> Among main rivers there are the Southern Bug (Boh) which splits the oblast into eastern and western parts, Inhulets, and Berezan.<ref name=ehuvermenych2009/>

Points of interest

The following historic-cultural sites were nominated for the Seven Wonders of Ukraine or Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine.

• Olbia, an ancient ruins of Greek colony near Ochakiv
• Black Sea Biosphere Reserve, located near Kinburn peninsula
• Granite-steppe lands of Buh, a landscape park located up north towards Podolia
• Inhul River Park, a landscape park in eastern part of the region
• Tylihul landscape park, on the administrative border with Odesa Oblast
• Dykyi Sad archaeological site (Wild Garden) in the city of Mykolaiv

Demographics

File:Будинок штабу флоту 1796 року 4.jpg

Mykolaiv, capital and largest city of the oblast and a major port city

File:Первомайськ. Миколаївська обл. Б.культури ім. Є.Зарницької, 1905.JPG

Pervomaisk, second largest city of the oblast, created by merger of the towns of Bohopil, Holta and Olviopol

File:ПАЕС.jpg

Pivdennoukrainsk, third largest city of the oblast, home to the South Ukraine Nuclear Power Plant

The estimated population was 1.2 million people in 2005. The greater part of the oblast's population resided in urban type settlements (66%), with the remainder residing in agricultural areas. Also, almost 60% of the urban population resided in Mykolaiv, the industrial, cultural and administrative center of Mykolaiv Oblast.

As of 2021, the total population of the oblast was estimated at 1,108,394 inhabitants, with 761,278 (68.7%) residing in urban areas and the remaining 347,116 (31.3%) living in rural areas. The city of Mykolaiv, home to 341,123 residents, constituted 68.8% of the urban population of Mykolaiv Oblast.<ref name=ua2022estimate/>

The oblast's population density is one of the lowest in Ukraine – Template:Convert. Mykolaiv Oblast contains 2.7% of the population of Ukraine, by percentage share ranking 19th among Ukrainian oblasts and territories.

Age structure

0-14 years: 14.7% Template:Increase (male 88,668/female 83,434)

15-64 years: 70.7% Template:Decrease (male 396,342/female 432,808)

65 years and over: 14.6% Template:Steady (male 56,527/female 114,987) (2013 official)

Median age

total: 39.7 years Template:Increase

male: 36.3 years Template:Increase

female: 42.9 years Template:Increase (2013 official)

Ethnicity, language and citizenship

The oblast has a multi-ethnic composition; people of more than 100 ethnicities (national groups) live in the oblast.<ref name=2001CensusNationality/> The most common language in the oblast is Ukrainian; the second most common language is Russian.<ref name=2001CensusLanguage/> In the city of Mykolaiv the most common language is Russian.<ref name=IRI2017>In a survey in 2017, 63% of the population of the city of Mykolaiv spoke Russian at home, 7% Ukrainian, and 28% spoke both Ukrainian and Russian equally.
{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

At the time of the 2001 census, the oblast had 1,269,900 permanent residents.<ref name=2001CensusPermanent/> Of these:

• 1,251,100 (99.1%) had Ukrainian citizenship.<ref name=2001CensusPermanent/>
• 6,400 had citizenship of CIS countries.<ref name=2001CensusPermanent/>
• 10,200 had citizenship of other countries.<ref name=2001CensusPermanent/>
• 4,200 were without citizenship.<ref name=2001CensusPermanent/>
• 1,000 who did not specify their citizenship.<ref name=2001CensusPermanent/>

Ethnicity ("Nationality")	Permanent residents 2001		Mother Tongue 2001 <ref name=2001CensusLanguage>Template:Citation</ref>			Permanent residents 1989	Mother Tongue 1989 <ref name=2001CensusLanguage/>
	Number <ref name=2001CensusNationality>Template:Citation</ref>	% <ref name=2001CensusNationality/>	Ukrainian	Russian		% <ref name=2001CensusNationality/>	Ukrainian	Russian
All ethnicities <ref name=2001CensusPermanent>Template:Citation</ref>	1,269,900	100.0%	69.2%	29.3%		100.0%	64.2%	33.8%
Ukrainian	1,034,400	81.9%	82.4%	17.5%		75.6%
Russian	177,500	14.1%	6.2%	93.7%		19.4%
Moldovan	13,200	1.0%	28.5%	16.8%		1.3%
Belarusian	8,400	0.7%	21.8%	58.5%		1.1%
Bulgarian	5,600	0.4%	16.9%	53.2%		0.5%
Armenian	4,300	0.3%	7.1%	35.8%		0.1%
Jewish	3,300	0.3%	10.1%	87.4%		0.9%
Korean	1,800	0.1%	6.3%	70.8%		0.0%
Azerbaijani	1,500	0.1%	8.1%	33.3%		0.1%
Gypsy (Roma)	1,400	0.1%	38.7%	15.2%		0.1%
Polish	1,300	0.1%	47.4%	44.1%		0.2%
Tatar	1,300	0.1%	7.3%	73.5%		0.1%
German	1,200	0.1%	26.8%	67.7%		0.1%
Other	7,700	0.7%	13.8%	37.3%		0.5%

Administrative divisions

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Mykolaiv Oblast formed in September 1937. it is subdivided into various areas, mostly raions. The subdivisions changed in 2020.

Administrative divisions (18 July 2020 to present)

File:Mykolaiv Oblast 2020 subdivisions.jpg

Current raions of Mykolaiv Oblast as of August 2020.

On 18 July 2020, the number of Mykolaiv Oblast subdivisions was reduced to four raions.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> These are:

1. Bashtanka (Баштанський район), the center is in the town of Bashtanka;
2. Mykolaiv (Миколаївський район), the center is in the city of Mykolaiv;
3. Pervomaisk (Первомайський район), the center is in the town of Pervomaisk;
4. Voznesensk (Вознесенський район), the center is in the town of Voznesensk.

Administrative divisions (to 17 July 2020)

File:Mykolayiv regions.svg

Former raions of Mykolaiv Oblast as of June 2020. The city of Mykolaiv is shown in dark blue.

Before July 2020, Mykolaiv Oblast was subdivided into 24 regions: 19 raions (administrative districts) and 5 city municipalities (mis'krada or misto), officially known as territories governed by city councils<ref name="ua2020estimate">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which are directly subordinate to the oblast government.

Name	Ukrainian Name	Area (km2)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>|| Admin.center|| Urban Population Only
Mykolaiv	Миколаїв (місто)	260	493,860	Mykolaiv (city)	493,860
Pervomaisk	Первомайськ (місто)	25	66,677	Pervomaisk (city)	66,677
Voznesensk	Вознесенськ (місто)	23	35,520	Voznesensk (city)	35,520
Yuzhnoukrainsk	Южноукраїнськ (місто)	24	40,353	Yuzhnoukrainsk (city)	40,353
Arbuzynka Raion	Арбузинський (район)	969	20,198	Arbuzynka	8,543
Bashtanka Raion	Баштанський (район)	1,706	37,721	Bashtanka	12,640
Berezanka Raion	Березанський (район)	1,378	23,409	Berezanka	4,120
Bereznehuvate Raion	Березнегуватський (район)	1,264	20,387	Bereznehuvate	7,742
Bratske Raion	Братський (район)	1,129	18,037	Bratske	5,325
Domanivka Raion	Доманівський (район)	1,458	25,500	Domanivka	6,137
Kazanka Raion	Казанківський (район)	1,349	19,745	Kazanka	7,207
Kryve Ozero Raion	Кривоозерський (район)	814	24,905	Kryve Ozero	7,823
Mykolaiv Raion	Миколаївський (район)	1,430	30,448	Mykolaiv (city)	N/A *
Novyi Buh Raion	Новобузький (район)	1,243	31,199	Novyi Buh	15,566
Nova Odesa Raion	Новоодеський (район)	1,428	33,602	Nova Odesa	12,108
Ochakiv Raion	Очаківський (район)	1,500	29,949	Ochakiv	14,489
Pervomaisk Raion	Первомайський (район)	1,319	30,275	Pervomaisk (city)	N/A *
Snihurivka Raion	Снігурівський (район)	1,350	40,420	Snihurivka	12,870
Veselynove Raion	Веселинівський (район)	1,245	23,161	Veselynove	8,060
Vitovka Raion	Вітовській (район)	1,460	50,565	Mykolaiv (city)	N/A *
Voznesensk Raion	Вознесенський (район)	1,392	30,562	Voznesensk (city)	N/A *
Vradiivka Raion	Врадіївський (район)	801	17,611	Vradiivka	8,391
Yelanets Raion	Єланецький (район)	1,018	15,530	Yelanets	4,912
Total Oblast	Миколаївська (Область)	24,585	1,159,634		791,227

Note: Asterisks (*) Though the administrative center of the rayon is housed in the city/town that it is named after, cities do not answer to the rayon authorities only towns do; instead they are directly subordinated to the oblast government and therefore are not counted as part of rayon statistics.

At a lower level of administration, these district-level administrations are subdivided into:

• Settlements — 922, including:
  • Villages — 896;
  • Cities/Towns — 21, including:
    • Cities of raion subordinance — 4 (Bashtanka, Novyi Buh, Nova Odesa and Snihurivka);
    • Urban-type settlement — 17;
• Selsovets — 287.

The local administration of the oblast is controlled by the Mykolaiv Oblast Rada. The governor of the oblast is the Mykolaiv Oblast Rada speaker, appointed by the President of Ukraine. Template:Further

Infrastructure and economy

• Along the coast, there are several ports and the Mykolaiv International Airport.
• The region's railway network and infrastructure is part of the Odesa Railways.
• Through the region passes European route E58 and European route E95.
• The city of Mykolaiv is known for several of its shipyards that existed since the 19th century.
• South Ukraine Nuclear Power Plant
• Agrarian company Nibulon
• Mykolaiv Observatory

Public opinion

During the 1991 referendum, 89.45% of votes in Mykolaiv Oblast were in favor of the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine. A survey conducted in December 2014 by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology found 2.1% of the oblast's population supported their region joining Russia, 95.5% did not support the idea, and the rest were undecided or did not respond.<ref name=DT150103>Template:Cite news</ref>

Gallery

• Обсерватория Ник.jpg

  Mykolaiv Observatory

• Лютеранська церква Миколаїв 2.jpg

  Lutheran church in Mykolaiv

• Паровий млин у Снігурівці (у березні 2013).jpg

  Old mill in Snihurivka

• PUNS-2013-3.JPG

  South Ukraine Nuclear Power Plant

• Кінбурнська коса восени.jpg

  Kinburn Spit

• Відьомські пороги на світанку.jpg

  Bug River rapids

• Актовський каньйон восени (3).jpg

  Aktove canyon

• Ковила на вітру.jpg

  Yelanets Steppe Nature Reserve

See also

• Subdivisions of Ukraine
• Kherson Governorate
• Lysa Hora

External links

• State Administration of Mykolaiv Oblast - official site Template:In lang
• Information Card of the Region - official site of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine