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Nanumanga or Nanumaga is a reef island and a district of the Oceanian island nation of Tuvalu.<ref name="MAP">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="ANCn">Template:Cite book</ref> It has a surface area of about 3 km2 with a population of 391 (2022 census).<ref name="C2012">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
HistoryEdit
On 9 May 1824 a French government expedition under Captain Louis Isidore Duperrey of the ship La Coquille sighted Nanumaga.<ref name="DDN">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="MGC">Template:Cite journal</ref>
The US Exploring Expedition visited in 1841.<ref name=Stanton>Template:Cite book</ref>
Louis Becke, who later became a writer, became the resident trader for the Liverpool firm of John S. de Wolf and Co. on Nanumaga from about April 1880 until the trading-station was destroyed later that year in a cyclone.<ref name="Doug Munro 1987">Doug Munro, The Lives and Times of Resident Traders in Tuvalu: An Exercise in History from Below, (1987) 10(2) Pacific Studies 73</ref><ref name="DAG">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>'Louis Beck, Adventurer and Writer', Chapter 8, Rascals in Paradise, James A. Michener and Arthur Grove Day, Secker and Warburg (1957)</ref> Becke later wrote The Rangers of the Tia Kau,<ref name="RP">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> that describes a shark attack at the Tia Kau reef between Nanumea and Nanumaga.
The population of Nanumaga from 1860 to 1900 is estimated to be between 300<ref>Richard Bedford, Barrie Macdonald & Doug Monro, Population Estimates for Kiribati and Tuvalu (1980) 89(1) Journal of the Polynesian Society 199</ref> and 335 people.<ref>W.F. Newton, The Early Population of the Ellice Islands, 76(2) (1967) The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 197–204.</ref>
Nanumaga Post Office opened around 1925.<ref name = "Post Office">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 1986 it became a centre of debate when Pacific archaeologists discovered the submerged Caves of Nanumanga, and found what they argued was the remains of fire created by pre-historic inhabitants.
GeographyEdit
The Nanumaga landscape consists of the main village settlements of Tonga and Tokelau, the two main pits for swamp taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii), (known in Tuvalu as Pulaka), the mangrove forest surrounding the internal lagoons and the areas of general vegetation which includes coconuts, pandanus trees and other vegetation types.<ref name="TCAP-NN78">Template:Cite report</ref>
The island has an oval outline, with the longer axis oriented north–south. A fringing reef surrounds the whole island, which makes local fishing and transport into and out of the island difficult.<ref name="PIM34-9">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
There are two brackish-water lagoons, the largest, Vaiatoa, having four islands. Vaiatoa Lagoon is located in the north of the island while the smaller Ha’apai Lagoon is in the south. A causeway has been construct to the south of Vaiatoa Lagoon linking the village areas of Tonga and Matematefaga.<ref name="TCAP-NN45">Template:Cite report</ref>
There are mangrove trees, native broadleaf forest and coconut palms. The two recorded mangrove species in Tuvalu are the common Togo (Rhizophora stylosa) and the red-flowered mangrove Sagale (Lumnitzera littorea). The mangrove forest of the northern Vaiatoa lagoon covers an area approximately 20 hectares.<ref name="TCAP-NN66">Template:Cite report</ref>
Nanumaga has a Locally Managed Marine Area, which encompasses the entire island. No fishing is allowed on the reef on the western side of the island, except handlining. Spear fishing is also totally banned on the island.<ref name="TCAP-NN73">Template:Cite report</ref> A sea mount located just off the northern tip of the island is an important key fishing ground, which has been declared a ‘no anchor zone’.<ref name="TCAP-NN73"/>
In March 2015 Nanumaga suffered damage to houses, crops and infrastructure as the result of storm surges caused by Cyclone Pam; 60-100 houses were flooded and the health facility suffered damage.<ref name=RW30>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=WHO04>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
CapesEdit
- Cape on the north: Te Kaupapa
- Cape on the south: Te Papa
VillagesEdit
At the 2012 census the population of the villages was:<ref name="C2012"/>
The junior school is Lotohoni Primary School.
TransportationEdit
There are a few paths and unpaved roads. There are no airports, so everything goes in and out by boat. There is an unprotected 10m wide boat channel that cuts into the fringing reef. The boat landing is where passengers and cargo is landed from the inter-island ferry workboats.<ref name="TCAP-NN91">Template:Cite report</ref>
PoliticsEdit
Nanumanga is one of the eight constituencies in Tuvalu, and elects two Members of Parliament. Following the 2024 general election, Monise Lafai was returned to parliament and Hamoa Holona was elected to parliament.<ref name="RNZ-24-1-27">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="PDV-24-1-30">Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Election box begin no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box candidate with party link no change Template:Election box end
Climate crisisEdit
In 2016 the Tuvalu National Council for Women worked with the Green Climate Fund to enable women from the islands of Nanumea and Nanumaga to be part of talks about climate crisis. One of their key issues was the additional burden of social care that women take on in the aftermath of natural disasters.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
The activities of the Tuvalu Coastal Adaptation Project on Nanumanga are designed to reduce exposure to coastal erosion by providing a buffer during storms.<ref name="TCAP-F1">Template:Cite report</ref><ref name="GCF">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Notable residentsEdit
Otinielu Tausi was the deputy prime minister in the government of Kamuta Latasi (December 1993 to December 1996); Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Natural Resources and also the Home Affairs and Rural Development in the 2nd government of Bikenibeu Paeniu (1996 to 1998). He served as the speaker of the Parliament of Tuvalu from 2003 until 2006, then again from March 2014 until 9 September 2019.
The Reverend Dr Kitiona Tausi trained in theology and was appointed as a priest of Tuvalu's main church, Ekalesia Kelisiano Tuvalu, and acted as the General Secretary of the organisation.<ref name="E1974">Template:Cite book</ref> Tausi served as the chairman of the Tuvalu Broadcasting Corporation Board of Directors. He was elected to represent Nanumaga in the by-election held on 15 July 2022.<ref name=PL22>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He was appointed Deputy Prime Minister & Minister for Fisheries and Trade in the Natano Ministry,<ref name="DFAT">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> until the 2024 general election.<ref name="RNZ-24-1-27"/>
Tuau Lapua Lapua is a Tuvaluan Olympic weightlifter. At the 2013 Pacific Mini Games, Tuau Lapua Lapua won Tuvalu's first ever gold medal in major sporting competition in the men's 62 kilogram snatch. He also won bronze in the clean and jerk, and obtained the silver medal overall for the combined event.