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}}Template:Main other Narathiwat (Template:Langx, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}; Malay: Menara<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>) is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighbouring provinces are (from west clockwise) Yala and Pattani. To the south it borders the Malaysian states of Kelantan and Perak. The southern railway line ends in this province, which is one of the nation's four provinces that border Malaysia.<ref name="Tourism">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The province features a range of cultures as well as natural resources, and is relatively fertile. Narathiwat is about 1,140 kilometers south of Bangkok and has an area of Template:Cvt. Seventy-five percent of the area is jungle and mountains and has a tropical climate.
GeographyEdit
Narathiwat province is on the Gulf of Thailand, on the Malay Peninsula. The Bang Nara is the main river and enters the Gulf of Thailand at the town of Narathiwat. Narathat Beach, the most popular in the province,Template:Citation needed is near the estuary. The total forest area is Template:Convert or 26.6 percent of provincial area.<ref name="AREA"/>
National parksEdit
There are three national parks, along with two other national parks, make up region 6 (Pattani branch) of Thailand's protected areas.
- Budo–Su-ngai Padi National Park is in the Sankalakhiri mountain range. Established on 17 June 1999, the park covers an area of 213,125 rai ~ Template:Cvt,<ref name="AREA NP">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Rp extending into neighbouring Yala and Pattani provinces. The main attraction is Pacho Waterfall.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Namtok Si Po National Park, Template:Convert<ref name="AREA PREPARE">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Rp
- Ao Manao–Khao Tanyong National Park, Template:Convert<ref name="AREA PREPARE"/>Template:Rp
ToponymyEdit
The former name of Narathiwat was Menara (Jawi: {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), meaning 'minaret' or 'tower' in Malay, the pre-Islamic name is unknown. This became Bang Nara (Template:Langx) or Bang Nak (Template:Langx) in Thai,<ref>ประพนธ์ เรืองณรงค์. "บทผนวกเกียรติยศ". ใน รัฐปัตตานีใน "ศรีวิชัย" เก่าแก่กว่ารัฐสุโขทัยในประวัติศาสตร์. สุจิตต์ วงษ์เทศ (บรรณาธิการ). พิมพ์ครั้งที่ 2. กรุงเทพฯ:มติชน. 2547, หน้า 350</ref> but was changed to Narathiwat by King Rama VI in 1915.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> "Narathiwat", from the Sanskrit (Nara+adhivāsa), means the residence of wise people.
HistoryEdit
Historically, Narathiwat was the part of the semi-independent Malay Sultanate of Patani, paying tribute to the Thai kingdoms of Sukhothai and Siamese Ayutthaya Kingdom. After the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767, the Sultanate of Patani gained full independence but returned under Thai control during the reign of King Rama I (r. 1782–1809), 18 years later, and in the early–1800s was divided into seven smaller kingdoms.
In 1909, Narathiwat was fully integrated into Siam as part of Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 negotiated with the British Empire. Along with Yala, Narathiwat was then part of Monthon Pattani.
DemographicsEdit
Narathiwat is one of four Thai provinces (along with Yala, Pattani, and Satun) with a predominantly Muslim population; 82% are Muslim and 17.9% are Buddhist. Also 80.4% speak the Patani Malay as their first language.<ref name="Tourism"/> Narathiwat Malays are very similar in ethnicity and culture to the Malays of Kelantan, Malaysia.
In 1963, the Thai government launched the Nikhom Sang Ton Eng Pak Tai ('self-development community in the south') program to move families from Thailand's northeastern and central provinces to the Sukhirin and Chanae Districts of Narathiwat. A total of 5,633 families were relocated to Narathiwat, where each family was rewarded with 18 rai of land. In Phukhao Thong Subdistrict Template:Asof, most inhabitants migrated from the Northeast region. They speak Isan and are 90% Theravadin Buddhists in what is a predominantly Muslim province.<ref name="BP-20190905">Template:Cite news</ref>
The inhabitants of Narathiwat are largely farmers and fishermen.<ref name="Tasanasuwan">Tasanasuwan, P. (1991). Changwat kong rao sib see changwat pak tai [Our province 14 provinces in the South]. Bangkok: Thai Watana Panitch</ref> Narathiwat is an area with various religious places of historical significance.
SymbolsEdit
The provincial seal shows a sailing boat with a white elephant on the sail. A white elephant is a royal symbol, and was put on the seal to commemorate the white elephant Phra Sri Nararat Rajakarini which was caught here and presented to the king.
The provincial symbol is the longkong fruit (Lansium parasiticum). The provincial tree is the Chengal (Neobalanocarpus heimii), and the provincial flower is the Odontadenia macrantha. The ornamental fish harlequin rasbora (Trigonostigma heteromorpha), are fish that live in swampy water conditions. In Thailand, they are found only in Narathiwat's Pa Phru To Daeng, and on the ground, this species of cyprinid is the provincial aquatic life.
Administrative divisionsEdit
Provincial governmentEdit
Narathiwat is divided into 13 districts (amphoe), which are further divided into 77 subdistricts (tambon) and 551 villages (muban).
| No. | Name | Thai | Jawi | Malay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mueang Narathiwat | lang}} | منارا | Menara |
| 2 | Tak Bai | lang}} | تابا | Taba |
| 3 | Bacho | lang}} | باچك | Bahcok |
| 4 | Yi-ngo | lang}} | جريڠ | Jeringo |
| 5 | Ra-ngae | lang}} | ليگيه | Legeh |
| 6 | Rueso | lang}} | روسو،جابا | Ruso, Jaba |
| 7 | Si Sakhon | lang}} | ساكا، كوال كاواي | Saka, Kuala Kaway |
| 8 | Waeng | lang}} | رأويڠ | Raweang |
| 9 | Sukhirin | lang}} | فاجاك | Pajak |
| 10 | Su-ngai Kolok | lang}} | سوڠاي گولوك | Sungai Golok |
| 11 | Su-ngai Padi | lang}} | سوڠاي فادي | Sungai Padi |
| 12 | Chanae | lang}} | چيني | Cene |
| 13 | Cho-airong | lang}} | جوك ايروڠ | Jok Irong |
Local governmentEdit
As of 26 November 2019 there are:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> one Narathiwat Provincial Administration Organisation ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) and 16 municipal (thesaban) areas in the province. Narathiwat, Sungai Kolok and Tak Bai have town (thesaban mueang) status. Further 13 subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambon). The non-municipal areas are administered by 72 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations – SAO (ongkan borihan suan tambon).
Education SystemsEdit
Narathiwat has many schools which classified as primary school, elementary school, high school and university.
Princess of Naradhiwas University is a university in Narathiwat province which aims to distribute the equality, equity, and opportunity to local citizen by merging all educational institutions in the province. Those institutions are Narathiwat Technical College, Narathiwat Agricultural & Technology College, Takbai Vocational College, and Boromarjonani College of Nursing, Narathiwat
TransportationEdit
AirEdit
Narathiwat Airport has a direct flight from and to Bangkok daily, operated by Air Asia, departing from Bangkok in the morning and leaving Narathiwat for Bangkok in the afternoon. It also has Thai Smile from Narathiwat to Suvanrabhumi airport.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
RailEdit
Although there is no direct access to Mueang Narathiwat District, Narathiwat's main railway station and nearest to Mueang District is Tanyong Mat Railway Station, on the Southern Line, in Ra-ngae District. Other major stations along the line in Narathiwat include Rueso, Su-ngai Kolok, Su-ngai Padi and Cho-airong. Distance to Narathiwat by rail is roughly 1100 kilometres from Bangkok Railway Station.
RoadEdit
Highway 42 is considered as main highway in Narathiwat and its terminus, Su-ngai Kolok.
HealthEdit
Narathiwat is mostly served by public hospitals. Its main hospital is Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra Hospital and the province has one university hospital which is Galyanivadhanakarun Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine, Princess of Naradhiwas University.
Human achievement index 2022Edit
| Health | Education | Employment | Income |
| File:Health icon Thai.png | File:Round Landmark School Icon - Transparent.svg | File:Employment icon.png | File:Numismatics and Notaphily icon.png |
| 26 | 75 | 54 | 42 |
| Housing | Family | Transport | Participation |
| File:586-house-with-garden.svg | File:Groundtransport inv.svg | File:Icon Sociopolítica y relaciones internacionales (wikiproyect, es.wp).png | |
| 56 | 1 | 38 | 59 |
| Province Narathiwat, with an HAI 2022 value of 0.6233 is "low", occupies place 64 in the ranking. | |||
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Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the Human achievement index (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017.<ref name="HAI 2565" />
| Rank | Classification |
| 1 - 13 | "high" |
| 14 - 29 | "somewhat high" |
| 30 - 45 | "average" |
| 46 - 61 | "somewhat low" |
| 62 - 77 | "low" |
| Map with provinces and HAI 2022 rankings |
| File:HAI 2022 rankings.svg |
Recent historyEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} There has been growing violence in southern Thailand since 4 January 2004, especially in the majority Muslim provinces of Narathiwat, Yala, and Pattani. Most of the inhabitants of these provinces are ethnic Malays, though the cities are mainly Thai, Thai Chinese, and Indian. Violent mujahideen activity has happened since the 1980s, but this lessened when Thaksin Shinawatra became prime minister in 2001.
Most of the violence has been directed towards the minority Buddhist population in the province.
Religious sitesEdit
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Central Mosque of NarathiwatEdit
The important religious site for Muslims is the central mosque of Narathiwat. This mosque is on Pitchitbamrung Road, Tambon Bangnark, Amphoe Muang, about 1 kilometer from the provincial town. This mosque is the center for Thai Muslims who come to worship on Fridays. It was built in 1981 in a three-storied Arabian-style building with a high tower and a domed roof as other mosques. The tower is used to call Muslims to prayer.<ref name="Government">Government of Narathiwat. (2000). Narathiwat Thailand [Brochure]. Narathiwat: Author.</ref>
Khao Kong Buddhist ParkEdit
A minority of the people in Narathiwat are Buddhist. Although a minority, there are Buddhist temples in the same amphoe as the mosque. These include Khao Kong Buddhist Park, which occupies an area of 142 rai (Template:Convert) in Tambon Lamphu about nine kilometers from town on the Narathiwat-Rangae Road.<ref name="Tourism"/>
Phra Buddha Thaksin Ming MongkolEdit
The main attraction in this site is a southern Buddha image, the golden "Pra Buddha Thaksin Ming Monkol",<ref name="Government"/> which is seated in the lotus position and giving posture. "This mountaintop Buddha image which is considered to be the most beautiful and largest (17 meters wide and 24 meters high) outdoor Buddha image in southern Thailand is decorated in the South Indian style".<ref name="Tourism"/> It is highly respected by locals and Buddhists in the south.<ref name="Tasanasuwan"/>
Notable residentsEdit
- Thawatchai Sajakul (born 1943), Thailand national football team manager and politician
- Naraporn Chan-o-cha (born 1954), spouse of prime minister of Thailand (Prayuth Chan-o-cha)
- Attachai Anantameak (born 1965), actor and political activist
- Jirayut (born 2001), singer and actor whose famous in Indonesia
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- เข้าสู่เว็บไซด์จังหวัดนราธิวาส Website of province (Thai)
- Province page from the Tourist Authority of Thailand
- Southern Comforts; Narathiwat Province (article in The Nation)
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