Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

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Template:Family name hatnoteNeelam Sanjiva Reddy (19 May 1913 – 1 June 1996) was an Indian politician who served as the president of India, serving from 1977 to 1982. Beginning a long political career with the Indian National Congress Party in the independence movement, he went on to hold several key offices in independent India – as deputy chief minister of Andhra state and the chief minister of Andhra Pradesh, a two-time Speaker of the Lok Sabha and a Union Minister— before becoming the Indian president.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Born in present-day Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, Reddy completed his schooling at Adayar and joined the Government Arts College at Anantapur. He quit to become an Indian independence activist and was jailed for participating in the Quit India Movement. He was elected to the Madras Legislative Assembly in 1946 as a Congress party representative. Reddy became the deputy chief minister of Andhra State in 1953 and the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh in 1956. He was a union cabinet minister under Prime Ministers Lal Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi from 1964 to 1967 and Lok Sabha Speaker from 1967 to 1969. He later retired from active politics but returned in 1975, responding to Jayaprakash Narayan's call for "Total Revolution" against the Indira Gandhi Government.

Elected to Parliament in 1977 as a candidate of the Janata Party, Reddy was unanimously elected speaker of the 6th Lok Sabha and three months later, was elected unopposed as president of India. As president, Reddy worked with prime ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh, and Indira Gandhi. Reddy was succeeded by Zail Singh in 1982, and he retired to his farm in Anantapur. He died in 1996 and his samadhi is at Kalpally Burial Ground, Bangalore. In 2013, the Government of Andhra Pradesh commemorated Reddy's birth centenary.

Education and familyEdit

Reddy was born into a Telugu Hindu family in Illur village, Madras Presidency (present-day Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh) on 19 May 1913.<ref name="Shankar2007">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Former Speakers – N Sanjiva Reddy">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He studied at the Theosophical High School at Adayar in Madras and later enrolled at the Government Arts College at Anantapur, an affiliate of the University of Madras, as an undergraduate.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1958, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati bestowed the degree of Honorary Doctor of Laws on him because of his role in its founding.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Reddy was married to Neelam Nagaratnamma, the sister of politician T. Nagi Reddy. The couple had one son and three daughters.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Role in the Indian independence movementEdit

Reddy joined the Indian struggle for independence from the British Raj following Mahatma Gandhi's visit to Anantapur in July 1929 and dropped out of college in 1931. He was closely associated with the Youth League and participated in a student satyagraha. In 1938, Reddy was elected Secretary of the Andhra Pradesh Provincial Congress Committee, an office he held for ten years. During the Quit India Movement, he was imprisoned and was mostly in jail between 1940 and 1945. Released in March 1942, he was arrested again in August and sent to the Amraoti jail where he served time with activists T Prakasam, S. Satyamurti, K Kamaraj and V V Giri till 1945.<ref name="Scharada2009">Template:Cite book Template:Dead link</ref><ref name="Chander2003">Template:Cite book</ref>

Political careerEdit

Elected to the Madras Legislative Assembly in 1946 as a Congress representative, Reddy became secretary of the Congress' legislature party.<ref name="Past Presidents – N. Sanjiva Reddy">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He was also a Member of the Indian Constituent Assembly from Madras.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> From April 1949 to April 1951, he was the Minister for Prohibition, Housing and Forests of the Madras State.<ref name="speakerloksabha">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Reddy lost the 1951 election to the Madras Legislative Assembly to the Communist leader Tarimela Nagi Reddy, his brother-in-law.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Deputy Chief Minister of Andhra StateEdit

In 1951, in a closely contested election, he was elected President of the Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee defeating N G Ranga.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="REDDY, DR. NEELAM SANJIVA">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> When the Andhra State was formed in 1953, T. Prakasam became its Chief Minister and Reddy became the deputy.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (1956–60, 1962–64)Edit

After the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh by incorporating Telangana with the Andhra State, Reddy became its first Chief Minister from 1 November 1956 to 11 January 1960.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was Chief Minister for a second time from 12 March 1962 to 20 February 1964, thus holding that office for over five years.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Reddy was MLA from Sri Kalahasti and Dhone respectively during his stints as Chief Minister.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The Nagarjuna Sagar and Srisailam multipurpose river valley projects were initiated during his tenure.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Government of Andhra Pradesh later renamed the Srisailam project to Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Sagar in his honour.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The Congress governments under Reddy placed emphasis on rural development, agriculture and allied sectors.<ref name="Sen2013">Template:Cite book</ref> The shift towards industrialisation remained limited and was largely driven by the central government's investments in large public sector enterprises in the state.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Reddy's first term as Chief Minister ended in 1960 after he resigned on being elected President of the Indian National Congress. In 1964, he resigned voluntarily following unfavourable observations made against the Government of Andhra Pradesh by the Supreme Court in the Bus Routes Nationalisation case.Template:Efn<ref name="Former Speakers – N Sanjiva Reddy"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Congress President (1960–62) and Union Minister (1964–67)Edit

Reddy served thrice as President of the Indian National Congress at its Bangalore, Bhavnagar and Patna sessions during 1960 to 1962.<ref name="Past Presidents – N. Sanjiva Reddy"/> At the Congress session at Goa in 1962, Reddy's speech stating India's determination to end the Chinese occupation of Indian territory and the irrevocable nature of the liberation of Goa was enthusiastically received by attendees.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was thrice member of the Rajya Sabha.<ref name="REDDY, DR. NEELAM SANJIVA"/> From June 1964, Reddy was Union Minister of Steel and Mines in the Lal Bahadur Shastri government. He also served as Union Minister of Transport, Civil Aviation, Shipping and Tourism from January 1966 to March 1967 in Indira Gandhi's Cabinet.<ref name="speakerloksabha" /><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Speaker of the Lok Sabha (1967–69)Edit

In the general elections of 1967, Reddy was elected to the Lok Sabha from Hindupur in Andhra Pradesh.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> On 17 March 1967, Reddy was elected Speaker of the Fourth Lok Sabha becoming only the third person to be elected Speaker of the house during their inaugural term.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> To emphasize the independence of the Speaker's office, Reddy resigned from the Congress Party.<ref name="Rahman2007">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His term as Speaker was marked by several firsts including the admission of a No-Confidence Motion on the same day as the President's address to a joint session of Parliament,<ref name="speakerloksabha" /> the handing down of a sentence of imprisonment for Contempt of the house<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and the setting up of the Committee on the Welfare of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.<ref name="speakerloksabha" /> During his term as Speaker a defamation suit filed against him by an MP resulted in the Supreme Court's ruling that parliamentarians had complete freedom of speech in the House and that the courts had no say in such matters.Template:Efn<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Reddy described his role as being the 'watchman of the Parliament'.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He however had several hostile encounters with Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in the House that proved costly when he became, two years later, the Congress Party's nominee to succeed Zakir Hussain as president.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Presidential election of 1969Edit

In 1969, following President Zakir Husain's death, the Congress party nominated Reddy, a member of its Syndicate faction, as candidate for president although Prime Minister Indira Gandhi opposed him.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She was forced to accept Reddy as the Congress party's official candidate and feared his election would allow the Syndicate to expel her from office.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> She asked Congress legislators to "vote according to their conscience" rather than blindly toe the Party line, in effect giving a call to support the independent candidate V V Giri.<ref name="Guha2011">Template:Cite book</ref> In a closely fought election held on 16 August 1969, V V Giri emerged victorious, winning 48.01 per cent of the first preference votes and subsequently getting a majority on counting the second preference votes. In the final tally, Giri had 420,077 votes against the quota of 418,169 votes required to be elected president and Reddy had 405,427 votes.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Pylee2009">Template:Cite book</ref> The election led to much discord within the Congress Party and culminated in the historic split of 1969 and the subsequent rise of Indira Gandhi in Indian politics.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Subsequently, Reddy, who had resigned as Speaker of the Lok Sabha to contest the election, retired from active politics and moved back to Anantapur where he took to farming.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Return to active politics (1975–82)Edit

In response to Jayaprakash Narayan's call for a Total Revolution, Reddy emerged from his political exile in 1975. In January 1977, he was made a member of the Committee of the Janata Party and in March, he fought the General Election from the Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency) in Andhra Pradesh as a Janata Party candidate. He was the only non-Congress candidate to be elected from Andhra Pradesh.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="books.google">Template:Cite book</ref> The Congress Party led by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was defeated, ending 30 years of Congress rule in India and a five party coalition with Morarji Desai as its leader came to power.<ref name="Torild2014">Template:Cite book</ref> Reddy was unanimously elected Speaker of the Sixth Lok Sabha on 26 March 1977. However he resigned a few months later to contest in the presidential elections of July 1977.<ref name="speakerloksabha" /> Reddy's second term as Speaker lasted three months and 17 days and remains till date the shortest tenure for anyone to have held that post.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Presidential election of 1977Edit

The presidential election of 1977 was necessitated by the death in office of the incumbent Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed. Although Prime Minister Morarji Desai wanted to nominate danseuse Rukmini Devi Arundale for the post, she turned down the offer.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Reddy was elected unopposed, the only President to be elected thus, after being unanimously supported by all political parties including the opposition Congress party. At 64, he was the youngest person to be elected President of India until Droupadi Murmu was elected President in 2022.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was also the only serious presidential candidate to have contested twice – in 1969 against V V Giri and in 1977.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="mainstreamweekly">Template:Cite journal</ref> 37 candidates had filed their nominations for the presidency of whom 36 were rejected by the returning officer. Following these disqualifications, Reddy remained the only validly nominated candidate in the fray which made elections unnecessary. Reddy thus became the first person to be elected President of India without a contest and remains the only President to have been elected unopposed.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

President of IndiaEdit

File:President N.S. Reddy doing an aerial survey of flood affected areas of Tamil Nadu.jpg

President Reddy doing an aerial survey of flood affected areas of Tamil Nadu in 1977.

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was elected on 21 July 1977<ref name="books.google" /> and was sworn in as the sixth President of India on 25 July 1977. Reddy worked with three governments, with Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh and Indira Gandhi.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Reddy announced, on the eve of India's thirtieth anniversary of Independence, that he would be moving out of the Rashtrapati Bhawan to a smaller accommodation and that he would be taking a 70 percent pay cut in solidarity with India's impoverished masses.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Morarji Desai government (1977–79)Edit

File:Officials of India welcome Jimmy Carter and Rosalynn Carter during an arrival ceremony in New Delhi, India - NARA - 177371.jpg

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Relations between Reddy and Desai soon soured over the latter's promotion of his son, Kanti Desai, in politics and over Desai's communication with Chief Ministers Vengala Rao and Channa Reddy on the issue of land ceilings in Andhra Pradesh.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Following mass defections from the Janata Party and from the cabinet, Morarji Desai's 30-month-old government ended in July 1979 after he handed in his resignation to Reddy before a no-confidence motion could be tabled against his government in Parliament.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Reddy's actions following Desai's resignation have been much debated. His decision to accept Desai's resignation before an alternative government created a ministerial vacuum in the executive according to H. M. Seervai.<ref name="India Today">Template:Cite news</ref> The faction of the Janata Party supporting Desai continued to have the support of 205 MPs as opposed to Charan Singh's 80 MPs.<ref name="India Today"/> Reddy used presidential discretion in choosing Charan Singh as the next Prime Minister over a contending claim from Jagjivan Ram, the leader of the Janata Party.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Charan Singh government (1979)Edit

Following Desai's resignation and the fall of the Janata government headed by him, Reddy appointed Charan Singh as prime minister. This was on the condition that he should prove his majority on the floor of the House before the end of August.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Singh was sworn in on 28 July 1979 but never faced Parliament to prove his majority when Reddy convened it on 20 August. Reddy had appointed him Prime Minister since he had produced a letter claiming to have a parliamentary majority with the support of the opposition Congress Party led by his rival, the former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="The disintegration of Janata">Template:Cite news</ref> In return for her support, Gandhi demanded that a law establishing special courts to try her and her son Sanjay Gandhi be repealed – a proposition that was unacceptable to Charan Singh.<ref name="The disintegration of Janata"/> Gandhi therefore withdrew her support, forcing Singh to resign.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His government lasted 24 days and he never faced Parliament.<ref name="LS dissolved for fourth time">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The convention of appointing a prime minister in a hung House but with conditions on time to prove majority was later adopted by President R Venkataraman.<ref name="mainstreamweekly" /><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Following Charan Singh's resignation, Reddy summoned Chandrashekhar and Jagjivan Ram to Rashtrapati Bhavan to look into the possibility of forming an alternate government. Reddy, convinced that they would not be able to form one, accepted Singh's advice and dissolved Lok Sabha, calling for a mid term election.Template:Efn<ref name="LS dissolved for fourth time"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Singh was asked to continue as the caretaker prime minister till a new government was sworn in after the election. Reddy's decision was met with angry denunciations and protests by members of the Janata Party who even threatened to have him impeached.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Although heading a caretaker government, Singh proposed as many as seven ordinances on a broad range of matters from effecting changes in company law, providing state funding of elections and reservation of jobs for the backward classes.<ref name="al">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Dam2013">Template:Cite book</ref> Reddy however refused to promulgate the ordinances arguing that such momentous changes could not be made by a caretaker government.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Indira Gandhi's return to power (1980–82)Edit

File:Mani Ram Bagri with Jakhar, Hidayatullah, Indira Gandhi and Sanjiva Reddy.png

Seen here (from left to right) are Speaker of the Lok Sabha Balram Jakhar, Vice President Mohammad Hidayatullah, Mani Ram Bagri, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy.

In the elections of 1980, Indira Gandhi's party the Indian National Congress (I) returned to power by winning 351 seats in the Lok Sabha. Neither the Janata Party nor Charan Singh's Janata Party Secular (which later known as Lok Dal) won the 54 seats needed for recognition as the official opposition in Parliament.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Indira was sworn in as prime minister by Reddy for what would become her last term in office in January 1980.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news Template:Dead link</ref> Between 1980 and 1982 President Reddy led seven state visits abroad, visiting the USSR, Bulgaria, Kenya, Zambia, the UK, Ireland, Indonesia, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Yugoslavia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> At home, as president, he signed an ordinance that gave the new government wide powers to imprison people for up to a year without trial under preventive detention<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and ordered the imposition of President's rule in nine opposition-ruled states on the advice of the government.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

File:State Visits by Neelam Sanjiva Reddy.png

President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy led seven state visits between 1980 and 1982. He visited USSR, Bulgaria, Kenya, Zambia, UK, Ireland, Indonesia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Ireland and Yugoslavia.

Later life and deathEdit

File:President R. Venkataraman with Former President Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy at Rashtrapati Bhavan.jpg

President R. Venkataraman with Neelam Sanjiva Reddy at the Rashtrapati Bhavan.

Reddy was succeeded as president by Giani Zail Singh, who was sworn in on 25 July 1982.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In his farewell address to the nation, Reddy criticised the failure of successive governments in improving the lives of the Indian masses and called for the emergence of a strong political opposition to prevent governmental misrule.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Following his presidential term, the then Chief Minister of Karnataka Ramakrishna Hegde invited Reddy to settle down in Bangalore but he chose to retire to his farm in Anantapur.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He died of pneumonia in Bangalore in 1996 at the age of 83.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His samadhi is at Kalpally Burial Ground, Bangalore.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Parliament mourned Reddy's death on 11 June 1996 and members cutting across party lines paid him tribute and recalled his contributions to the nation and the House.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Reddy authored a book, Without Fear or Favour: Reminiscences and Reflections of a President, published in 1989.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

CommemorationEdit

Sanjiva Reddy's birth centenary was celebrated in 2013 by the Government of Andhra Pradesh with the concluding ceremony in Anantapur being addressed by President Pranab Mukherjee and with the Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka in attendance.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Postal Department of India released a commemorative stamp and special cover in honour of Reddy on the occasion of his birth centenary.<ref name="deccanchronicle">Template:Cite news</ref> In Hyderabad, there is the Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy College of Education. As part of the centenary celebrations of his birth, the Government of Andhra Pradesh has announced that it will rename the Andhra Pradesh State Revenue Academy, Reddy's alma mater the Government Arts College and the Government Medical College, Anantapur after the former president.<ref name="deccanchronicle" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In the 1960s, when he was Union Minister for Mines, a statue of him had been unveiled at Vijayawada by K. Kamaraj, the then president of the Congress Party, prompting Reddy to ask for its removal as he deemed the practice of erecting statues of people holding public office undesirable.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A statue of Sanjiva Reddy, unveiled in 2005, stands at the Andhra Pradesh Secretariat (now Telangana Secretariat) in Hyderabad.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

NEELAM SANJIVA REDDY MEMORIAL LECTURE AND NEELAM SANJIVA REDDY STATE AWARDS

Instituted by: Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh

Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, a recognised Nodal Agency by the Govt. of India and Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, has Instituted the 'Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Memorial Lecture and Neelam Sanjiva Reddy State Awards in 5 Categories '(Visishta Ratna, Nyaya Shiromani, Vidya Shiromani, Vaidya Shiromani and Panchayati Raj Shiromani) to perpetuate the Memory of Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, the 6th President of India, 4th and 7th Speaker of Lok Sabha, Union Cabinet Minister and First Chief Minister of United Andhra Pradesh, on the eve of his 110th Birth Anniversary Celebrations and Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav in the year 2013.

AGRASRI is organising the Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Memorial Lecture and conferring the Neelam Sanjiva Reddy State Awards in 5 Categories every year on 25 July or suitable date at Tirupati, on the distinguished policy-makers, jurists, educationalists, administrators and scholars of Telugu Speaking states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, who rendered their valuable services and contributions for the growth and development of Telugu speaking states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana in particular and nation in general in their chosen fields, after duly selected by the Awards Jury.

Dr. Subhash C. Kashyap, Former Secretary-General of Lok Sabha and Founder Chairman of AGRASRI is heading the Awards Jury, with 4 distinguished jurists and scholars, as Members. Dr. D. Sundar Ram, Founder Director of AGRASRI, Tirupati, is the Convener of the Awards Jury and the Chief Organiser of Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Memorial Lecture and Neelam Sanjiva Reddy State Awards programmes.

The First Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Memorial Lecture was delivered by Dr. Mandali Buddha Prasad, Former Deputy Speaker of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly and Former Cabinet Minister for Animal Husbandry, Fisheries and Diary Development, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, Amaravathi and received the Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Visishta Ratna State Award for the Year-2023, on 19 May, 2023 at Hotel Bliss (Darbar Hall), Tirupati.

The Second Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Memorial Lecture was delivered by Shri Justice C. Praveen Kumar, Former Acting Chief Justice of Andhra Pradesh High Court, Amaravathi and received the Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Visishta Ratna State Award for the Year-2024, on 19 May, 2024 at DRDA Meeting Hall, Tirupati.

The Third Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Memorial Lecture is being delivered by Prof. Y. Venkatarami Reddy, Formerly Chairman, Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh; Member, Union Public Service Commission, Govt. of India and Vice-Chancellor, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad in the month of July, 2025 at Tirupati.

For more details, visit us: http://www.agrasri.org.in

The Hans India, 20 May, 2023, Tirupati Edition, https://epaper.thehansindia.com/Home/ArticleView?eid=5&edate=20/05/2023&pgid=118591 The Hans India, 20 May, 2024, Tirupati Edition, https://epaper.thehansindia.com/Home/ArticleView?eid=5&edate=20/05/2024&pgid=160976

In popular cultureEdit

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy – President of India is a 1982 short documentary film directed by Prem Vaidya & C. L. Kaul and produced by the Films Division of India, covering his term of presidency.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The character Mahendranath, Chief Minister of the fictional state of Afrozabad in former Prime Minister P V Narasimha Rao's novel, The Insider, is based on Reddy, portraying his career in Andhra Pradesh and his political rivalry with Kasu Brahmananda Reddy.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> 121. http://wwww.agrasri.org.in 122. The Hans India, 20 May, 2023, Tirupati Edition, https://epaper.thehansindia.com/Home/ArticleView?eid=5&edate=20/05/2023&pgid=118591 123. The Hans India, 20 May, 2024, Tirupati Edition, https://epaper.thehansindia.com/Home/ArticleView?eid=5&edate=20/05/2024&pgid=160976

Explanatory notesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

121. http://wwww.agrasri.org.in 122. The Hans India, 20 May, 2023, Tirupati Edition, https://epaper.thehansindia.com/Home/ArticleView?eid=5&edate=20/05/2023&pgid=118591 123. The Hans India, 20 May, 2024, Tirupati Edition, https://epaper.thehansindia.com/Home/ArticleView?eid=5&edate=20/05/2024&pgid=160976

External linksEdit

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