Nelson Dewey
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Nelson Webster Dewey (December 19, 1813Template:Spaced ndashJuly 21, 1889) was an American lawyer, land speculator, politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He was the first governor of Wisconsin, and also served in the Wisconsin Senate and served several years in the Wisconsin Territory government before Wisconsin achieved statehood. He was also particularly important in the development of Cassville, Wisconsin, which he had at one time hoped to make the state capitol.
Early lifeEdit
Dewey was born in Lebanon, Connecticut, on December 19, 1813, to Ebenezer and Lucy (née Webster) Dewey.<ref name="dead">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="1960bio">Template:Cite report</ref> His father's family had lived in New England since 1633, when their ancestor Thomas Due (Dewey) came to America from Kent County, England.<ref name="1960bio" />
Dewey's family moved to Butternuts, New York (now called Morris) the year following his birth<ref group="note" name="birthnote">Because of this, some sources name him a native of New York.<ref name="wi_govs">Template:Cite news</ref></ref><ref name="dead" /> and he attended school there and in Louisville, New York. At the age of 16, he began attending the Hamilton Academy in Hamilton, New York.<ref name="dead" /><ref name="nga_bio">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He attended the academy for three years, and then returned to Butternut to teach.<ref name="dead" /><ref name="1960bio" />
Ebenezer Dewey, Dewey's father, was a lawyer, and wished his son to join the same profession.<ref name="1960bio" /> Dewey began studying law in 1833,<ref name="1960bio" /> first with his father, then with the law firm Hanen & Davies, then with Samuel S. Bowne in Cooperstown, New York.<ref name="dead" /> He left Bowne in May 1836, and in June of that year arrived in the lead-mining region of Galena, Illinois,<ref name="dead" /> working as a clerk for Daniels, Dennison & Co.,<ref group="note" name="danielsandco">Other sources give this company's name as the "Dennison & Brunson company".<ref name="sentinel_dead" /></ref> a firm of land speculators from New York.<ref name="1960bio" /><ref name="nga_bio" /> About a week after he arrived, he moved to Cassville, Wisconsin. He became a citizen of the territory in 1836.<ref name="proclamation">Template:Cite news</ref> Daniels, Dennison & Co. had purchased the land on which Cassville was built, and their plan was to develop and promote the village in the hopes that it grow and eventually be chosen as the capital of the Wisconsin Territory or of a future state.<ref name="1960bio" /><ref name="sentinel_dead">Template:Cite news</ref>
Territorial politicsEdit
On March 4, 1837, Dewey was elected Register of Deeds for the newly formed Grant County; he was appointed the county's Justice of the Peace by Territorial Governor Henry Dodge the same year. He was, and continued to be for the rest of his political career, a member of the Democratic Party.<ref name="1960bio" /><ref name="sentinel_death">Template:Cite news</ref> When Daniels, Dennison & Co.'s business plans collapsed in 1838, after Madison was chosen to be the capital,<ref name="1960bio" /> Dewey moved to Lancaster, Wisconsin, where he was admitted to the bar in an examination held by Charles Dunn, the chief justice of the Supreme Court of the Wisconsin Territory; he was appointed district attorney of Grant County that same year.<ref name="dead" /><ref name="nga_bio" /> As a lawyer, he entered into a partnership with J. Allen Barber, which lasted from 1840 until May 1848.<ref name="dead" /><ref name="1960bio" /> Together, they became well known in Wisconsin's lead-mining region, acquiring mines and investing in mining companies.<ref name="1960bio" />
In November 1838, Dewey was elected to the territorial assembly as representative from Grant County; he was reelected in 1840 and became that body's speaker for one session.<ref name="1960bio" /><ref name="nga_bio" /> He served as an assemblyman until 1842, when the voters of Grant County elected him to the territorial council; during the 1846 session, during which an upcoming convention which would produce a draft constitution for the State of Wisconsin was discussed, he served as the council's president.<ref name="1960bio" /><ref name="nga_bio" /><ref name="sentinel_death" /> He failed to be re-elected in 1846, due to a new Whig majority in Grant County.<ref name="1960bio" /><ref name="nga_bio" />
Governor of WisconsinEdit
1848 electionEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} With the pending ratification of the new Constitution of Wisconsin, and the upcoming election for the new state's officers, the Democratic Party held a convention to nominate its candidate for Governor of Wisconsin.<ref name="1960bio" /> During the writing and attempts at ratification of the state's constitution in 1847 and 1848, the state party had become divided into two major factions,<ref name="journal_death">Template:Cite news</ref> one centered in the lead-mining regions, and another centered in the eastern portion of the state.<ref name="1960bio" /> Each faction favored its own candidate for governor: Hiram Barber from the lead-region faction and Morgan L. Martin from the eastern faction; after neither candidate could gather enough votes to secure the nomination, the two factions began searching for a compromise candidate.<ref name="1960bio" /> They decided on Nelson Dewey, who was not associated with either faction.<ref name="1960bio" /><ref name="nga_bio" /><ref name="journal_death" /> The party also hoped that Dewey might attract voters from the then-Whig majority Grant County.<ref name="1960bio" />
The election was held on May 8, 1848;<ref name="racinehist">Template:Cite book</ref> Dewey defeated Whig candidate John Hubbard Tweedy and the independent Charles Durkee, and thus became the first governor of the State of Wisconsin.<ref name="1960bio" /><ref name="nga_bio" /><ref name="2007bluebook">Template:Cite report</ref> John E. Holmes, also a Democrat, was elected lieutenant governor in the same election.<ref name="2007bluebook" />
Also in May, Dewey's law and business partnership with Barber came to an end; by the time of its dissolution, Dewey was known to be one of the leading men in Wisconsin.<ref name="dead" /><ref name="1960bio" />
First termEdit
Dewey's first term as governor began on June 7, 1848, and lasted until January 7, 1850.<ref name="wi_govs" /><ref name="nga_bio" /> During his time as governor, Dewey oversaw the transition from the territorial to the new state government.<ref name="1960bio" /> He encouraged the development of the state's infrastructure, particularly the construction of new roads, railroads, canals, and harbors, as well as the improvement of the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers.<ref name="1960bio" /> During his administration, the State Board of Public Works was organized.<ref name="1960bio" />
Dewey was known for opposing the spread of slavery into new states and territories and for advocating the popular election of U.S. Senators.<ref name="1960bio" />
Near the end of his term, he married Catherine Dunn,<ref name="nga_bio" /><ref name="sentinel_dead" /> (or Katherine<ref name="1960bio" /><ref name="journal_death" />) the daughter of Charles Dunn, the former chief justice of Wisconsin Territory.<ref name="journal_death" />
1849 electionEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} During Dewey's first term as governor, the Wisconsin Legislature passed an act decreeing that the biennial elections for governor would begin in 1849; that year, in an election held in November, Dewey again defeated the Whig candidate, Alexander Collins, and the Free Soiler Warren Chase.<ref name="1960bio" /><ref name="nga_bio" /><ref name="2007bluebook" /> Samuel W. Beall, also a Democrat, was elected lieutenant governor in the same election.<ref name="2007bluebook" />
Dewey was elected the first president of the Wisconsin Historical Society the same year.<ref name="1960bio" />
Second termEdit
Dewey's second term began on January 7, 1850<ref name="wi_govs" /> and lasted until January 5, 1852.<ref name="nga_bio" />
Dewey lost much popular support during his terms as governor, due both to his inability to overcome the factionalism within his own party and to his association with Wisconsin's lead-mining regions, which were losing power in Wisconsin politics.<ref name="1960bio" /> He chose not to run for a third term.<ref name="nga_bio" />
Later lifeEdit
After his time as governor, Dewey returned to Lancaster, where he speculated in real estate.<ref name="dead" /> He remained active in politics, however: in 1853, Dewey ran against Chief Justice Orasmus Cole for a seat in the Wisconsin State Senate for Wisconsin's Sixteenth District;<ref name="2007bluebook_legis">Template:Cite book</ref> he was elected by a majority of three votes, serving a two-year term.<ref name="dead" /><ref name="nga_bio" /><ref name="journal_death" /> Throughout the remainder of his life, he was a delegate to most of the state conventions of the Democratic Party.<ref name="sentinel_death" /> From 1854 until 1865, he was regent of the University of Wisconsin.<ref name="nga_bio" /> During his time in Lancaster, Dewey served at various times as the chairman of the town board of supervisor and a member of the school board.
In 1854, Dewey and his wife Catherine began to plan to begin anew the development of Cassville, once the goal of Daniels, Dennison & Co.<ref name="1960bio" /> In 1855, he was able to purchase the village under foreclosure; he remodelled the village plot and repaired the Denniston House, a hotel which had been built by the now-defunct firm,<ref name="1960bio" /> at a cost of $15,000;<ref name="dead" /> his ultimate hope was that Cassville would be developed into a large city.<ref name="journal_death" /> He also acquired about Template:Convert of land northwest of Cassville, on which he built a three-story Gothic-revival mansion, which he named "Stonefield",<ref name="1960bio" /> at a cost of about $70,000; he expended another $30,000 on Template:Convert of stone fence.<ref name="dead" /> It was said that to have been the most modern house in Wisconsin at that time.<ref name="1960bio" /> At this time, Dewey employed around forty to fifty men as a means of returning money to Cassville; it is said that this was the origin of the prosperity of several of Cassville's residents.<ref name="dead" />
Dewey lived in Cassville for the rest of his life, except the time from 1858 until 1863, when he lived at Platteville, Wisconsin.<ref name="dead" /> In 1863, Dewey unsuccessfully ran for Lieutenant Governor; he also lost his 1869 and 1871 attempts at re-election to State Senate.<ref name="1960bio" /><ref name="nga_bio" />
Dewey's Cassville project was attracting few people, so he began investing in a railroad line to the village.<ref name="1960bio" /> On January 2, 1873, Dewey's mansion was destroyed in a fire, and he was forced to give up the property to pay his creditors. His property passed into the ownership of Walter C. Newberry of Chicago.<ref name="dead" /><ref name="1960bio" /> Also this year, Dewey lost his entire investment in the railroad line during the Panic of 1873.<ref name="1960bio" /> At some time during this period, Dewey was involved in another financial setback involving the estate of the deceased Ben Eastman, a former Congressman, of which he was the executor.<ref name="sentinel_death" /> Dewey returned to his law practice.<ref name="1960bio" />
In 1874, Governor William R. Taylor appointed Dewey to the board of directors of the State Prison at Waupun; he served on the board until 1881.<ref name="1960bio" /><ref name="nga_bio" />
On February 22, 1889, Dewey suffered a stroke while at court in Lancaster. He was paralyzed and was brought home to Cassville the next day.<ref name="dead" /> He was not well prior to this, and was apparently aware of the possibility of becoming paralyzed.<ref group="note" name="sickness_note">The Teller of Lancaster reports a conversation to this effect<ref name="funeral" /> which apparently took place the day of the stroke.<ref name="dead" /></ref> From the time of his paralysis, he was almost entirely confined to bed.<ref name="dead" /> He died in poverty<ref name="journal_death" /> at the Denniston House, which he had helped rebuild,<ref name="1960bio" /> a few minutes past midnight on the morning of July 21, 1889,<ref group="note" name="death_note">Because of the time of his death, some sources give Dewey's death date as July 20, 1889.<ref name="dead" /></ref><ref name="dead" /><ref name="funeral">Template:Cite news</ref> after being unconscious for the previous forty-eight hours.<ref name="dead" /> He was seventy-five years old.<ref name="sentinel_dead" />
Dewey was at one time considered a wealthy man, but by the time of his death, he had little money.<ref name="journal_death" /> Dewey was buried on July 23, 1889, in the Episcopal cemetery in Lancaster,<ref name="dead" /> next to the graves of his brother Orin and his son Charlie.<ref name="funeral" /><ref name="grave">Template:Cite news</ref>
Personal lifeEdit
Dewey married Catherine Dunn in 1849 during his first term as governor. The couple had three children:<ref name="nga_bio" /> a daughter Katie, whose married name was later Cole,<ref name="funeral" /> a son, Nelson Jr., who at the time of Dewey's death lived in the West,<ref name="sentinel_dead" /> and another son, Charlie, who died in 1869, while still a child.<ref name="nga_bio" /><ref name="funeral" /><ref name="grave" />
In 1886, Dewey filed for a divorce from his wife, but the matter never came to trial. Catherine eventually moved to St. Louis, Missouri, where her daughter and son-in-law lived.<ref name="sentinel_dead" />
Dewey had a brother named William Dewey, who survived him, and another brother, Orin, who died in 1840.<ref name="dead" /><ref name="grave" /> He also a third brother, John J. Dewey, who was a physician who lived in Saint Paul, Minnesota and was a member of the Minnesota Territorial Legislature.<ref>Minnesota Legislators Past and Present-John J. Dewey</ref>
Dewey was called a "friend of the poor" and known for his generosity.<ref name="dead" />
Political viewsEdit
Dewey was a member of the Democratic Party. He opposed the spread of slavery into new states and territories and advocated electing United States senators by popular vote.<ref name="nga_bio" /> He was described as one of "the old guard that never surrendered".<ref name="sentinel_death" />
LegacyEdit
Nelson Dewey State Park was created in 1935 using land from Dewey's former Stonefield estate.
An 11-mile portion of Wisconsin state highway 81 from Cassville to the intersection of state highway 35 in Grant County was designated Nelson Dewey Memorial Highway by the Wisconsin Legislature.<ref>2011 Wisconsin Code 84.102 Governor Nelson Dewey Memorial Highway</ref>
The former Nelson Dewey Generating Station was named after the governor.
FootnotesEdit
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
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