Noah Feldman

Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox academic Noah Raam Feldman (born May 22, 1970) is an American legal scholar and academic. He is the Felix Frankfurter Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and chairman of the Harvard Society of Fellows. He is the author of 10 books, host of the podcast Deep Background, and a public affairs columnist for Bloomberg Opinion. He was formerly a contributing writer for The New York Times.

Feldman's work is focused on ethics and constitutional law with an emphasis on innovation, free speech, law and religion, and history.

Early life and education

Feldman grew up in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in an Orthodox Jewish home.<ref>"AFTEREFFECTS: THE LAW; American Will Advise Iraqis On Writing New Constitution", The New York Times, May 11, 2003. Accessed April 21, 2008. "Professor Feldman grew up in Boston an Orthodox Jew. As a child, he learned Hebrew and Aramaic to read the ancient and medieval religious texts taught at the Maimonides School, a private Jewish school in Brookline, Mass."</ref> He studied Near Eastern languages and civilizations at Harvard University. In 1990, as a junior, he was the Massachusetts recipient of the Harry S. Truman Scholarship. Feldman graduated first in his class in 1992 with a Bachelor of Arts, summa cum laude, and Phi Beta Kappa membership.<ref name="profile">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Upon graduating from Harvard, Feldman was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship to study at Christ Church, Oxford.<ref name="profile"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1994, he earned a Doctor of Philosophy in Oriental Studies (focusing on Aristotle's Ethics and its Islamic reception). While at Oxford, he was a member of the Oxford University L'Chaim Society.<ref>Stop Ostracizing Those Who Marry Out, Shmuley Boteach, Huffpost, July 22, 2007.</ref> Feldman then returned to the United States to attend Yale Law School, where he was the book review editor of the Yale Law Journal. He graduated with a Juris Doctor in 1997.Template:Citation needed

Feldman has been called a "hyperpolyglot" and is fluent in English, Hebrew, Arabic, and French. He also speaks conversational Korean, and reads Greek, Latin, German, Italian, Spanish and Aramaic.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref>

Career

Legal career

After graduating from law school, Feldman was a law clerk for Chief Judge Harry T. Edwards of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 1997 to 1998, then for Justice David Souter of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1998 to 1999.Template:Citation needed

In 2001, Feldman joined the faculty of New York University Law School, where he became a tenured full professor in 2005 and was appointed Cecilia Goetz Professor of Law in 2006.

In 2007, Feldman joined the Harvard Law School faculty as the Bemis Professor of International Law, teaching classes on the First Amendment, the Constitution, and the international order. In 2014, he was appointed the Felix Frankfurter Professor of Law at Harvard Law School.<ref name=":0" />

Feldman was a senior adjunct fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, and was previously an adjunct fellow at New America Foundation.Template:Citation needed

Writer and author

Feldman has published ten nonfiction books and two case books.

They include The Broken Constitution, Divided By God, What We Owe Iraq, Cool War, Scorpions, The Three Lives of James Madison and The Arab Winter. Reviewing The Arab Winter in The New York Times, Robert F. Worth called Feldman's thesis "bold" and that Feldman "spins out its ramifications in fascinating and persuasive ways."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Reviewing The Broken Constitution, James Oakes concludes that Feldman ignores "the voluminous historical evidence that would have added some much-needed nuance to his thoroughly unpersuasive analysis."<ref>Oakes, James, "Was Emancipation Constitutional?", The New York Review of Books, May 12, 2022</ref><ref>Witt, John Fabian, "Emancipation and the Law of War: A Different Take on the Feldman-Oakes Battle at The NYRB," Balkinization, June 3, 2022</ref>

He was a contributing writer for The New York Times Magazine from 2005 to 2011.<ref>"When Judges Make Foreign Policy", September 25, 2008, example NYT Magazine article, retrieved 2014-03-01.</ref>

Since 2012, he has been a regular columnist for Bloomberg Opinion.<ref name="Bl01">Feldman, Noah, "Beard-cutting is horrid. It isn’t a hate crime", Bloomberg News via Ohio.com, September 10, 2012. Retrieved 2012-09-20.</ref> He also regularly contributes essays to The New York Review of Books about constitutional topics and the Supreme Court.<ref name=":0" />

Podcast host

Since 2019, Feldman has been the host of the podcast Deep Background, which is produced by Pushkin Industries. Deep Background focuses on the historical, scientific, legal, and cultural context underlying the news, with a focus on power and ethics. He has interviewed Malcolm Gladwell, Laurie R. Santos, and Marc Lipsitch, among others.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Organizations and affiliations

In 2003, he was named senior constitutional advisor to the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq. In that capacity he advised on the drafting of the Transitional Administrative Law, the precursor to the Iraqi constitution.<ref name="profile"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2010, he became a senior fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows, and in 2020, he was named chair. A Harvard Magazine profile describes the Society as such: "The values it represents to [Feldman] have shaped his career: 'convivial intellectual community with people from many very different backgrounds; interdisciplinary creativity and collaboration; openness to new, unorthodox ideas; pursuing solutions to long-term questions that really matter for the world; generosity to colleagues and across generations; nurturing originality to encourage risk-taking; and belief in sustained, in-person conversation as a central element of the good intellectual life.'"<ref name="Caplan">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

He is the founding director of the Julis-Rabinowitz Program on Jewish & Israeli Law at Harvard Law School.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Facebook Oversight Board

Feldman advised Facebook on the creation of its Oversight Board, whose members were announced in June 2020. Feldman proposed the idea of the oversight board to his friend Sheryl Sandberg in 2018 and shortly thereafter gave a presentation to Facebook's corporate board about the idea, at Mark Zuckerberg's invitation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> According to Feldman, the purpose of the Oversight Board is to protect and ensure freedom of expression on the platform by creating an independent body to review Facebook's most important content moderation decisions.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

A 2020 profile in Harvard magazine describes the genesis of the board:

"On a bike ride one day, [Feldman] thought: Facebook and other social media are under a lot of pressure to avoid outcomes that are morally repugnant. What if they addressed the problem as governments do, giving independent bodies functioning like courts the authority to decide what content is acceptable and what is not? Social media themselves, he decided, should find ways to protect free expression—and he made a proposal to Facebook, the world’s largest social-media platform, with more than 2.6 billion users who send out an average of 115 billion messages a day: 'To put it simply: we need a Supreme Court of Facebook.'"<ref name="Caplan"/>

Trump testimony

On December 4, 2019, Feldman—alongside law professors Pamela Karlan, Michael Gerhardt, and Jonathan Turley—testified before the House Judiciary Committee regarding the constitutional grounds for presidential impeachment in the impeachment inquiry against President Donald Trump.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> "Some day, we will no longer be alive, and we will go wherever it is we go, the good place or the other place, and we may meet there Madison and Hamilton," Feldman suggested. "And they will ask us, 'When the president of the United States acted to corrupt the structure of the republic, what did you do?' And our answer to that question must be that we followed the guidance of the framers, and it must be that if the evidence supports that conclusion, that the House of Representatives moves to impeach him."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Public perception

Media

In 2020, Harvard Magazine wrote:

Feldman is increasingly prominent as a public intellectual and a voice about public affairs ... His work displays the mix of synthesis and substantive mastery that serious journalists aspire to, and the combination of clarity and eloquence that few scholars display. He writes with the conviction that the most important public position in American life is that of citizen, which makes his fellow citizens the most important audience for his writing about American public affairs.<ref name=":0" />

In 2019, The New York Times wrote that Feldman was "part of a vanishing breed, a public intellectual equally at ease with writing law review articles, books aimed at both popular and scholarly audiences and regular opinion columns, all leaning left but with a distinct contrarian streak."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> According to The New York Times, Feldman "specializes in constitutional law and the relationship between law and religion and free speech".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2008, Feldman was named in Esquire's list of the "75 most influential people of the 21st century." The magazine called him "one of the country's most sought after authorities," "an acclaimed author" and "a public intellectual of our time."<ref name="esquire.com">Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2006, New York Magazine named Feldman "the next big public intellectual,"<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and later, as "most beautiful brainiac" in The Most Beautiful People issue.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2005, The New York Observer called Feldman "one of a handful of earnest, platinum-résumé'd law geeks whose prospects for the Big Bench are the source of constant speculation among friends and colleagues".<ref name="NYO">Template:Cite news</ref>

Criticism of Modern Orthodox Judaism

In a New York Times Magazine article, "Orthodox Paradox", Feldman recounted his experiences of the boundaries of inclusion and exclusion of the Modern Orthodox Jewish community in which he was raised, specifically at his high school alma mater, the Maimonides School.<ref>Feldman, Noah, "Orthodox Paradox", The New York Times, 2007-07-22</ref> He contended that his choice to marry a non-Jew led to ostracism by the school, in which he and his then-girlfriend were allegedly removed from the 1998 photograph of his class reunion published in the school newsletter. His marriage to a non-Jew is contrary to orthodox Jewish law, although he and his family had been active members of the Harvard Hillel Orthodox minyan. The photographer's account of an overcrowded photograph was used to accuse Feldman of misrepresenting a fundamental fact in the story, namely whether he was purposely cropped out of the picture, as many other class members were also cropped from the newsletter photograph due to space limitations.<ref>"Snap, Crackle, But Not Cropped", thejewishweek.com</ref> His supporters noted that Feldman's claim in the article was that he and his girlfriend were "nowhere to be found" and not that they were cropped or deleted out of the photograph. Template:Citation needed

His critique of Modern Orthodox Judaism has been commented on by many, including Hillel Halkin, columnist for the New York Sun;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Andrew Silow-Carroll, editor of the New Jersey Jewish News;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Rabbi Tzvi Hersh Weinreb, executive vice president of the Orthodox Union;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Marc B. Shapiro<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Rabbi Shalom Carmy, tenured professor of Jewish philosophy at Yeshiva University;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Rabbi Norman Lamm, chancellor of Yeshiva University;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Rabbi Shmuley Boteach;<ref>Shmuley Boteach, Template:Usurped, Jerusalem Post</ref> Gary Rosenblatt, editor of Jewish Week,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the editorial board of the Jewish Press;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Rabbis Ozer Glickman and Aharon Kahn, roshei yeshiva at Yeshiva University;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Ami Eden, executive editor of The Forward; Rabbi David M. Feldman, author of Where There's Life, There's Life;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Jonathan Rosenblum, columnist for the Jerusalem Post.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Publications

Books

Feldman has published ten nonfiction books and two casebooks.

• To Be a Jew Today: A New Guide to God, Israel, and the Jewish People (2024).
• The Broken Constitution: Lincoln, Slavery, and the Refounding of America (2021) "seeks to retell the story of the meaning of the Constitution in the Civil War and of Lincoln’s decisive action not as the story of successful salvation but as something more dramatic, and more extreme: the frank breaking and frank remaking of the entire union of order, rights, constitution, and liberty." The book is a history of "an extraordinary transformation" in Lincoln's "beliefs about the meaning of the Constitution".<ref>Feldman, Noah, The Broken Constitution, p. 14.</ref><ref>Oakes, James, "Was Emancipation Constitutional?", The New York Review of Books, May 12, 2022 (review of The Broken Constitution).</ref>
• The Arab Winter: A Tragedy (2020) seeks to "save the Arab spring from the verdict of implicit nonexistence and to propose an alternative account that highlights the exercise of collective, free political action."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The book "is an interdisciplinary work of history and sociology, as well as linguistics, using insights of political philosophy to explore the right ways of governing in the very different countries of Egypt, Syria, and Tunisia, as well as the Islamic State."<ref name=":0" />
• The Three Lives of James Madison: Genius, Partisan, President (2017) "explores Madison's reactive and improvisational thinking as it played out in the three uniquely consequential roles, or ‘lives,' he had — as constitutional architect and co-author with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay of the ‘Federalist Papers,' political partisan and wartime president."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Feldman writes that Madison's "character emerges most vividly through the cycles of [his] extraordinarily close friendships" and that his biography is "entwined with that of the constitutional republic itself, its personalities, and its permanent struggle to reconcile unity with profound disagreement."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Cool War: The Future of Global Competition (2013) is about the relationship between the United States and China, as "the world's two biggest economies are fated to remain geopolitical frenemies, locked in a chilly embrace necessitated by economic interdependence but made tense by constant military and political rivalry in Asia and, increasingly, the rest of the world."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> As each side vies for supremacy, Feldman warns, the Cool War has the potential to become a hot war.<ref>Collins, Julia, {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Scorpions: The Battles and Triumphs of FDR's Great Supreme Court Justices (2010) focuses on four of Roosevelt's Supreme Court appointees: Felix Frankfurter, Hugo Black, Robert Jackson, and William O. Douglas, and "how the backgrounds, personalities, and experiences of the four justices shaped their philosophies and how those philosophies changed the Court from a conservative one resisting America's liberal turn under FDR into the liberal one that helped remake the nation".<ref name=":0" /> This group biography demonstrates that their competing judicial philosophies "are the ones that continue to preoccupy lawyers, law professors and judges".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State (2008) explains the increasingly loud call for implementing shari'a in Muslim countries.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite book</ref> Feldman argues that current systems of government in certain Muslim countries have unchecked executive power because the previous system – in which scholarly interpretation of shari'a served to counterbalance executive power – was undermined by failed reforms in the modern era.<ref name=":2" /> Drawing on the success of this previous system, Feldman proposes a viable path for Islamic governance that depends on legislators to serve as the check on authoritarian executives.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
• Divided By God: America's Church-State Problem and What We Should Do About It (2005) describes "key episodes in the history of church-state relations to show how the growing religious diversity of the American people has led to new efforts to find common ground for political and social life."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Addressing the divide between the competing camps of "values evangelicals" and "legal secularists," Feldman proposes a compromise "to allow religious symbols in public places but not to allow public funding for specifically religious practices or activities".<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• What We Owe Iraq: War and the Ethics of Nation Building (2004) argues that "having broken the Iraqi government, Washington has an obligation to bring about a new and better one"<ref name=":1">Template:Cite magazine</ref> while ensuring that nation building does not become "a paternalistic, colonialist charade."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> As a constitutional advisor to the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq, Feldman suggests the United States ensure security and organize elections before withdrawing.<ref name=":1" />
• After Jihad: America and the Struggle for Islamic Democracy (2003) contends that support of violent jihad in the Muslim world is declining in favor of popularity for both Islam and democracy.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Explaining shared traits of Islam and democracy, such as equality and flexibility, Feldman argues that the two are in fact compatible and that "democracy in the Arab world should be Islamic in character."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
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Selected articles

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Personal life

He is divorced from Jeannie Suk, a professor of law at Harvard Law School and New Yorker contributor, with whom he has two children.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2023 he became engaged to Julia Allison.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

See also

• List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 3)

External links

• Template:Official website
• Profile at Harvard Law School
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