Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox Russian inhabited locality Salekhard (Template:Langx {{#invoke:IPA|main}}; Khanty: {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, Pułñawat; Template:Langx, Template:Tlit, formerly Obdorsk) is a town and the administrative centre of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia. The town lies on the Arctic Circle, with the town centre being about Template:Convert south and suburbs stretching to the north of the circle. The population is Template:Ru-census2021.
HistoryEdit
The settlement of Obdorsk ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) was founded in 1595, in the place of a Khanty settlement called Polnovat-Vozh ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), by Russian settlers after the conquest of Siberia.Template:Citation needed It was situated on the Ob River, and its name supposedly derives from that. The land around Obdorsk was referred to as Obdorsky krai, or Obdoriya.
The town was often used as a place of exile during the Tsarist and Soviet periods. Among notable people who spent time here were the Doukhobor spiritual leader Pyotr Verigin and Leon Trotsky. The town and nearby area contained three Soviet camps where approximately 6,500 prisoners were held, arrested for their belief in God.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> At the port of Salekhard, approximately 1,500 prisoners were used as slave labor, loading and unloading goods at the dock, or mining metal ore. About 5,000 prisoners in two camps near Salekhard were forced to polish diamonds mined from Mir mine.Template:Citation needed
The nearest railway station is at Labytnangi on the opposite side of the river Ob. From 1949 to 1953, the Salekhard-Igarka Railway project made an unsuccessful attempt to extend the line to Igarka, claiming the lives of thousands of Gulag prisoners.<ref name="Among Dead Roads">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The section of railway from Salekhard to Nadym was completed and remained in use for some time in the Soviet era, although it was later abandoned. It is currentlyTemplate:When being rebuilt, along with a long-awaited bridge across the Ob between Labytnangi and Salekhard.Template:Cn
Salekhard was the host city for the 2006 Arctic Council Ministerial Meeting in October 2006.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In April 2014, Rostelecom, a Russian Internet service provider, completed the final stretch of the Nadym-Salekhard optical Internet line, which stretches for almost Template:Convert.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In the Summer of 2016, temperatures as high as Template:Convert thawed anthrax-infected corpses that had been frozen since the soviet era near Salekhard, causing anthrax spores to infect reindeer herds and herders.<ref name="Guardian80116">Template:Cite news</ref>
Administrative and municipal statusEdit
_-_panoramio.jpg){kind=link}
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with one rural locality, incorporated as the town of okrug significance of Salekhard—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.<ref name="Ref928">Law #42-ZAO</ref> As a municipal division, the town of okrug significance of Salekhard is incorporated as Salekhard Urban Okrug.<ref name="Ref933">Law #26-ZAO</ref>
DemographicsEdit
As of 2021, the ethnic composition of Salekhard was:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Russians – 66.3%
- Tatars – 7.1%
- Khanty – 3.8%
- Ukrainians – 3.7%
- Nenets – 3.7%
- Komi – 2.0%
- Kyrgyz – 1.4%
- Others – 12%Template:Historical populations
EconomyEdit
- Супермаркет «Стерх», Салехард - panoramio.jpg
Sterh Supermarket
- Building under construction of the representative office of PAO Gazprom in Salekhard (1).jpg
Building of the representative office of Gazprom
- Рынок «Дары Ямала», Салехард - panoramio.jpg
Gifts of Yamal Supermarket
- Headquarters of "Yamalneftegaz".jpg
Headquarters of Yamalneftegaz
- Shopping center "Sezam" at Yamalskaya Street (3).jpg
Sezam Shopping center
- Yamal Airlines Headquarters.jpg
Yamal Airlines Headquarters
- Нефтебаза. Салехард - panoramio.jpg
Oil depot
- Рыболовно-охотничий магазин «Сармик». Салехард - panoramio.jpg
Sarmik Fishing and hunting shop
Yamal Airlines has its head office in Salekhard.<ref>Yamal Airlines. Retrieved on February 27, 2012.</ref> Most of residents are employed in reindeer herding, fishing and the services sector.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
By 2015, about Template:Convert from the airport, near the Arctic Circle, authorities plan to build a large polar resort "Center of the Arctic tourism".Template:Cn
TransportationEdit
Salekhard is located in the Ob river valley and is an important river port of the Russian Far North. The unfinished Salekhard–Igarka Railway was set to provide a rail connection between the Ob river port of Salekhard and the Yenisei river port of Igarka. Currently, the nearest railway is at Labytnangi, Template:Convert northwest on the opposite side of the river Ob. The project Northern Latitudinal Railway will provide Salekhard access to Russian railway and will further connect Salekhard to the Konosha–Vorkuta railway and other parts of European Russia.<ref>Ямальская дорога в зеркале мнений — Парламентская газета «Тюменские известия». old.t-i.ru.</ref> The Salekhard Bridge project, a combined railway-road bridge over Ob river, is the main component of Northern Latitudinal Railway that will connect Labytnangi and Salekhard is to be constructed with the cost of 60 billion rubles.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Nadym–Salekhard road, a 344 km long road, was inaugurated in December 2020 to the 90th anniversary of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> it will facilate the construction of a railway between the two cities and connects the eastern and western parts of Yamal Okrug.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> For 9–10 months each year, the Ob river is frozen and cars and trucks can drive across the river ice. In the summer a ferry operates, however during the floating of ice, generally shortly before the start and shortly after the end of summer, Salekhard is effectively isolated from the outside world, regarding freight. During these periods, only helicopters are able to reach Salekhard in case of emergency. Native people, mainly the Nenets and Khanty people, always build up stocks of food at home, in the shops, and in the markets during this period, but they still suffer from seasonal inflation. The city is also served by the Salekhard Airport, which is Template:Convert north of the main city.
- Салехард. Паром через Обь - panoramio.jpg
Ferry across the Ob river
- Салехард, аэропорт - panoramio.jpg
- Salehardobriver.jpg
Salekhard port on Ob river
- Brodneva Street (03).jpg
Bus transport
- Паромная переправа. Салехард - panoramio.jpg
Ferry service station
- Мост «Факел», Салехард - panoramio.jpg
Fakel (Torch) Bridge over Poluy river
ClimateEdit
Salekhard has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc) with short, mild summers and severely cold winters. Precipitation is moderate, and is significantly greater in summer than in winter.
GalleryEdit
- Salekhard - Mammoth.JPG
Mammoth monument in Salekhard
- Salekhard - Mammoth 2.JPG
Mammoth monument
- Памятник северному оленю. Салехард - panoramio.jpg
Reindeer monument in Salekhard
- Мечеть, Салехард - panoramio.jpg
Mosque in Salekhard
- Ледовый дворец .Салехард - panoramio.jpg
Ice Palace of Salekhard
- Развлекательный центр «Полярис», Салехард - panoramio.jpg
Polyaris Entertainment center
- Дворец бракосочетания, Салехард, ул. Некрасова, 4 - panoramio.jpg
Wedding Palace
- North Outskirts of Salekhard (02).jpg
Northern outskirts of Salekhard
- Город Мастеров, Салехард - panoramio.jpg
"Craftsmen Village"
- Гостиница «Арктика»,Салехард, ул. Республики, 38 - panoramio.jpg
Arctic Hotel
- Спортивный комплекс «Студенческий». Салехард - panoramio.jpg
Students sports complex
International relationsEdit
Twin Town & Sister CityEdit
Salekhard is twinned with:
- Azov, Rostov Oblast, Russia
Notable peopleEdit
- Ion-Georgy Kostev (born 1990), professional ice hockey player
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
NotesEdit
SourcesEdit
External linksEdit
- Template:In lang Official website of Salekhard
- Official website of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Information about Salekhard
Template:Cities and towns in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Template:Authority control