Operation Latchkey
Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox nuclear weapons test Template:GeoGroup
Operation Latchkey<ref name=LT_1 /> was a series of 38 nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1966–1967 at the Nevada Test Site. These tests followed the Operation Flintlock series and preceded the Operation Crosstie series.
Nuclear testsEdit
PersimmonEdit
Persimmon included a vertical line-of-sight pipe fitted with a fast-acting closure. At the time of detonation, this vacuum pipe provided a pathway for neutrons from the nuclear device to travel to instruments in a tower located above the shot hole. A few seconds after detonation, these instruments and their samples were dragged out of the tower on a sled, before the subsidence crater formed and destroyed the tower.<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref>
List of the nuclear testsEdit
| Name <ref group=note>The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.</ref> | Date time (UT) | Local time zone<ref group=note>To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. All historical time zone data are derived from here:</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Location<ref group=note>Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.</ref> | Elevation + height <ref group=note>Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.</ref> | Delivery <ref group=note>Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.</ref> Purpose <ref group=note>Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.</ref> |
Device<ref group=note>Designations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.</ref> | Yield<ref group=note>Estimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).</ref> | Fallout<ref group=note>Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.</ref> | References | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SaxonTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:33:30.13 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2cc Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, peaceful research |
Template:Sort | Venting detected, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> | Project Plowshare - excavation device development. | ||
| RovenaTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 13:16:00.07 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10s Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_40 /> | |||
| TangerineTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:36:00.05 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3eb Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, safety experiment |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> | ||||
| DerringerTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:30:00.54 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U5i Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapon effect |
Template:Sort | Venting detected off site, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_158 /> | |||
| DaiquiriTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 18:00:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U7o Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> | ||||
| NewarkTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 14:45:30.09 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10u Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_44 /> | |||
| KhakiTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 19:00:00.05 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3et Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> | ||||
| SimmsTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 14:45:00.0 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10w Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, peaceful research |
Template:Sort | Venting detected, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_40 /> | Plowshare - evaluate clean nuclear explosives for excavation. | ||
| AjaxTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 12:00:00.14 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9al Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected on site, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_40 /> | |||
| CeriseTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:02:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3eu Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | I-131 venting detected, 0 | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_40 /> | |||
| VigilTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:00:00.13 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10ad Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, safety experiment |
Template:Sort | Venting detected on site, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> | |||
| SterlingTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 12:15:00.05 | CST (–6 hrs) |
Salmon Site, near Lumberton, Mississippi Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, joint verification |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_6 /> | Project Vela Uniform/Dribble. Exploded inside the cavity created by Whetstone/Salmon in Tatum salt dome. | |||
| SidecarTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 17:50:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3ez Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected on site, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_44 /> | |||
| New PointTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 21:00:00.08 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U11c Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapon effect |
Template:Sort | Venting detected on site, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_40 /> | |||
| GreeleyTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:30:00.08 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U20g - Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_40 /> | Test of Spartan warhead (W71).<ref>Template:Cite report</ref> | |||
| Rivet 1Template:Anchor | Template:Dts 14:55:00.0 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10aa Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_44 /> | ||||
| NashTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 16:45:00.14 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2ce Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected off site, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_44 /> | |||
| BourbonTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 17:40:04.41 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U7n Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_158 /> | ||||
| Rivet 2Template:Anchor | Template:Dts 16:30:00.0 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10z Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected on site, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_44 /> | |||
| WardTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:15:00.13 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10x Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_44 /> | ||||
| PersimmonTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 18:34:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3dn Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_44 /> | ||||
| AgileTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 18:50:00.13 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2v Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_158 /> | ||||
| Rivet 3Template:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:00:00.0 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10y Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_40 /> | |||
| MushroomTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:19:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3ef Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected on site, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_44 /> | |||
| FizzTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:00:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3fr Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, safety experiment |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> | ||||
| OaklandTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 14:20:00.15 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2bi Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> | |||
| HeilmanTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:00:00.12 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2cg Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected on site, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> | |||
| FawnTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:00:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3eo Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_40 /> | ||||
| ChocolateTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:09:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3es Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_44 /> | ||||
| EffendiTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 14:45:00.0 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2ap Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_40 /> | ||||
| MickeyTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 13:40:00.041 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U7m Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_158 /> | ||||
| CommodoreTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:00:00.2 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2am Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected, less than Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_40 /> | |||
| ScotchTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 14:00:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U19as Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> | ||||
| AbsintheTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 12:30:00.03 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3ep Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, safety experiment |
Template:Sort | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> | ||||
| KnickerbockerTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 15:00:01.5 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U20d Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapons development |
Template:Sort | Venting detected, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> | |||
| SwitchTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 13:10:00.0 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9bv Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, peaceful research |
Template:Sort | Venting detected off site, less than Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> | Project Plowshare - evaluate clean nuclear explosives for excavation. | ||
| Midi MistTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 16:00:00.08 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U12n.02 Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | tunnel, weapon effect |
Template:Sort | Venting detected, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_44 /> | |||
| UmberTemplate:Anchor | Template:Dts 11:25:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3em Template:Coord | Template:SortTemplate:Convert – Template:Convert | underground shaft, weapon effect |
Template:Sort | Venting detected off site, Template:Convert | <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_44 /> |