Operation Megaphone
Template:Short description {{#invoke:Infobox military conflict|main}}
Operation Megaphone was the Canadian naval operation to board a Vincentian-flagged, American-owned merchant ship in the Atlantic, in order to recover $223 million worth of military materiel being transported back to Canada at the conclusion of operations in Kosovo.<ref name=cefcom>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
BackgroundEdit
At the conclusion of Operation Kinetic, the Canadian contribution to a NATO peacekeeping force in Kosovo and Macedonia, the Department of National Defence contracted SDV Logistics Canada Ltd to transport military assets, including 580 vehicles, 390 sea containers of equipment and three Canadian soldiers who were escorting the cargo.<ref name=cefcom/>
SDV Logistics subcontracted Andromeda Navigation Co. of Montreal, which chartered a St Vincent-flagged ship, GTS Katie (owned by Annapolis, Maryland-based Third Ocean Marine Navigation Company), to move the cargo.
The vessel was scheduled to leave Greece on 27 June 2000 and was to arrive in Canada on 15 July. Three Canadian military personnel were also on board the ship to escort the cargo, which included five armoured vehicles, rifles, ammunition, and communications equipment.<ref name=ind>Template:Cite news</ref>
Prior to leaving Greece, three crew members had complained to authorities there, and the ship was restrained. Though it was not clear why the crew members complained, the ship was allowed to sail on 28 June after posting a US$30,000 bond.<ref name=cbc2>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
During the voyage, a dispute between the various contracting parties arose over payments due, and Third Ocean claimed that $288,000 remained outstanding from Andromeda. As a result of the dispute, Third Ocean ordered the Russian captain of Katie, Vitaly Khlebnikov, not to enter Canadian waters.
BoardingEdit
Negotiations continued between the Canadian government and the shippers, however an ultimatum was given and the three contractors failed to reach an agreement by a certain deadline, according to Art Eggleton, then the Minister of National Defence.<ref name=cbc>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
A diplomatic note was sent to the government of St. Vincent and the Grenadines, where the ship was registered, who authorized Canadians to board the vessel.<ref name=cefcom/><ref name=ind/>
On 30 July, the destroyer Template:HMCS received orders to close with Katie about 225 kilometres off Newfoundland, in international waters, and maintain visual contact with her.<ref name=cefcom/><ref name=ind/> The following day, the frigate Template:HMCS joined Athabaskan.
At 1:45 pm on 3 August, fourteen sailors boarded Katie in a helicopter-borne assault from a Sea King, led by Captain Drew Robertson, during which the crew of Katie offered no resistance.<ref name=cefcom/><ref name=ind/> Captain Khlebnikov would later complain the boarding of the ship was "dangerous" and described the boarding as an "attack", although Captain Robertson had observed that Katie began erratic, evasive manoeuvering after being warned of the imminent boarding.<ref name=ind/><ref name=cbc3>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Defence Minister Eggleton described the action as "fully within the bounds of international law."<ref name=cbc3/>
AftermathEdit
Katie arrived in Becancourt, Quebec, on 6 August under the control of the Canadian boarding party. Some of the cargo, including explosives, were removed at Becancourt, before the ship was brought further up the St Lawrence River to Montreal where the armoured and other military vehicles were unloaded.<ref name=cefcom/><ref name=cbc/>
Third Ocean filed an action in rem against the Canadian government, who owned the freight, on 27 July 2000, in the Federal Court of Canada, including a warrant for arrest of the freight. The matter was heard on 18 September, after the ship had already been seized by the Canadian navy. The court quashed the warrant and dismissed the action, on the basis of the immunity of the Crown, under the Crown Liability and Proceedings Act.<ref name=canlii>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The Canadian Navy contracted Katie – and routinely contracts cargo ships – because it has no sea transport capability.<ref name=ind/> The Canadian Forces have since then acquired four CC-177 Globemaster III strategic airlift cargo aircraft, each capable of carrying a payload of up to 72,000 kg, which were delivered in 2007. In 2010, shipbuilding was identified as a key procurement priority by the Canadian Forces, outlined in its Canada First Defence Strategy.<ref name=dnd>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>