Template:Short description Template:See also Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox nuclear weapons test Template:GeoGroup

The United States's Whetstone nuclear test series<ref name=LT_1 /> was a group of 46 nuclear tests conducted in 1964–1965. These tests<ref group=note>A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed five seconds, and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length".{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> followed the Operation Niblick series and preceded the Operation Flintlock series.

Two tests were conducted during this series by the United Kingdom: Cormorant and Courser.

United States' Whetstone series tests and detonations
Name <ref group=note>The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.</ref> Date time (UT) Local time zone<ref group=note>To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the IANA time zone database.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Location<ref group=note>Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.</ref> Elevation + height <ref group=note>Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop, or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.</ref> Delivery <ref group=note>Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.</ref>
Purpose <ref group=note>Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification, and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.</ref>
Device<ref group=note>Designations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.</ref> Yield<ref group=note>Estimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).</ref> Fallout<ref group=note>Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.</ref> References Notes
ByeTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 13:15:00.15 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U10i Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort Venting detected, less than Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150/><ref name=LT_48/><ref name=LT_40/><ref name=LT_6 />
LinksTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 13:30:00.15 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U9bf Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort Venting detected on site, less than Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
TrogonTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 18:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3dj Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
AlvaTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 16:00:00.14 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U2j Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort Venting detected off site, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
CanvasbackTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 22:17:00.06 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3cp Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Tsetse<ref name="Hansen">Template:Cite book</ref> Template:Sort Venting detected, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_44 />
PlayerTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 14:30:00.15 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U9cc Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
safety experiment
W62<ref name="Hansen" /> Template:Sort <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
HaddockTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 17:06:00.04 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3dl Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
GuanayTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 18:15:00.08 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3di Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_44 />
SpoonTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 14:00:00.1 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U9bd Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort Venting detected, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_44 />
AukTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 20:03:00.04 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U7b Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_158/>
ParTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 14:00:00.12 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U2p Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
peaceful research
Template:Sort Venting detected, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> A Plowshare device with high neutron flux for creation of heavy isotopes.
Barbel - 1 (with Turnstone)Template:Anchor Template:Dts 15:59:30.038 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3bx Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort Venting detected, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> simultaneous, separate holes.
Turnstone - 2 (with Barbel)Template:Anchor Template:Dts 15:59:30.03 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3dt Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:Convert + underground shaft,
weapons development
TX-57, Tsetse<ref name="Hansen" /> Template:Sort <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> simultaneous, separate holes.
SalmonTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 16:00:00.0 CST (–6 hrs)
Salmon Site, near Lumberton, Mississippi Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
joint verification
W58<ref name="Hansen" /> Template:Sort <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_6 /> Project Vela Uniform/Dribble, detection of underground tests. Exploded in Tatum salt dome.
GardenTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 15:00:00.94 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U9aj Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
ForestTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 17:04:58.61 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U7a Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort Venting detected, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
HandcarTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 15:00:00.11 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U10b Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
peaceful research
W55, Starling<ref name="Hansen" /> Template:Sort Venting detected on site, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> A Plowshare project for measuring effects of contained explosion on carbonate rock.
CrepeTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 21:15:00.1 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U2q Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort Venting detected, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
Drill (Source-Lower) - 1Template:Anchor Template:Dts 21:15:00.16 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U2ai Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort Venting detected off site, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> simultaneous, same hole.
Drill (Target-Upper) - 2Template:Anchor Template:Dts 21:15:00.16 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U2ai Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:Convert + underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort Venting detected off site <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> simultaneous, same hole.
Cassowary - 1 (with Hoopoe)Template:Anchor Template:Dts 20:00:00.07 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3bn Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> simultaneous, different holes.
Hoopoe - 2 (with Cassowary)Template:Anchor Template:Dts 20:00:00.07 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3cf Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:Convert + underground shaft,
safety experiment
Template:Sort <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> simultaneous, different holes.
ParrotTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 20:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3dk Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort Venting detected off site, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
MudpackTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 20:10:00.1 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U10n Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapon effect
Template:Sort Venting detected, less than Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
SulkyTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 19:35:00.09 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U18d Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
peaceful research
Mk-7<ref name="Hansen" /> Template:Sort Venting detected off site, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_148 /><ref>Letter to J. S. Kelly, AEC on the Project Sulky Concept, by G. E. Johnson(leader of the Plowshare program for a time</ref> A Plowshare project for hard, dry excavation test, to study dispersion of radionuclides.
WoolTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 16:00:00.14 PST (–8 hrs)
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weapons development
Template:Sort Venting detected, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
TernTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 18:22:00.03 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3dw Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort Venting detected on site, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_44 />
CashmereTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 15:30:00.11 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U2ad Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort Venting detected, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
AlpacaTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 15:10:29.49 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U2a Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort Venting detected off site, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
MerlinTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 17:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3ct Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Tsetse<ref name="Hansen" /> Template:Sort I-131 venting detected, 0 <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
WishboneTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 16:18:47.15 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U5a Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapon effect
Template:Sort Venting detected on site, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
SeersuckerTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 15:28:54.11 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U9bm Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort Venting detected on site, less than Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
WagtailTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 19:13:00.03 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3an Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
TX-61<ref name="Hansen" /> Template:Sort Venting detected, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_158 />
SuedeTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 15:30:49.1 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U9bk Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort Venting detected, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_44 />
CupTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 15:34:08.16 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U9cb Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort Venting detected, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
KestrelTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 21:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3dd Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Tsetse<ref name="Hansen" /> Template:Sort Venting detected, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
PalanquinTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 13:14:00.1 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U20k Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert cratering,
peaceful research
Template:Sort Venting detected off site, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_148 /> A Plowshare project for hard, dry excavation test, to study dispersion of radionuclides.
Gum DropTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 22:00:00.03 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U16a.02 Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert tunnel,
weapon effect
W55, Kinglet<ref name="Hansen" /> Template:Sort Venting detected, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_44 />
ChenilleTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 13:39:00.1 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U9bg Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort Venting detected on site, less than Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_44 />
MuscovyTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 21:44:00.04 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3dx Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_44 />
TeeTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 15:47:11.15 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U2ab Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapon effect
Template:Sort Venting detected off site, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
ButeoTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 18:15:00.1 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U20a Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
CambricTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 14:57:52.15 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U5e Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /> Cambric and Cheshire (on Pahute Mesa) to study radioactivity movement in ground water. In 16 years 4 billion gallons (30 billion liters) were pumped, took 2 yrs for the tritium to move Template:Convert. Sr-40 and Cs-137 never detected.
ScaupTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 17:32:36.23 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3da(s) Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
TweedTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 13:08:52.11 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U9bn Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort Venting detected, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
PetrelTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 19:45:00.04 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3dy Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Mk-57, Tsetse<ref name="Hansen" /> Template:Sort <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
OrgandyTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 20:28:37.11 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U9bo Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapons development
Template:Sort Venting detected, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 /><ref name=LT_44 />
Diluted WatersTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 16:30:00.15 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U5b Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert underground shaft,
weapon effect
Template:Sort Venting detected off site, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_40 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />
Tiny TotTemplate:Anchor Template:Dts 17:00:00.09 PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U15e Template:Coord Template:SortTemplate:ConvertTemplate:Convert tunnel,
weapon effect
W54<ref name="Hansen" /> Template:Sort Venting detected on site, Template:Convert <ref name=LT_1 /><ref name=LT_150 /><ref name=LT_48 /><ref name=LT_34 /><ref name=LT_6 />

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ReferencesEdit

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