Orhei

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Orhei ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}), also formerly known as Orgeev (Template:Langx), is a city, municipality<ref>LEGE Nr. 248 din 03.11.2016 pentru modificarea și completarea Legii nr. 764-XV din 27 decembrie 2001 privind organizarea administrativ-teritorială a Republicii Moldova Template:Webarchive Template:In lang</ref> and the administrative centre<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> of Orhei District in the Republic of Moldova, with a population of 21,065. Orhei is approximately Template:Convert north of the capital, Chișinău.

History

File:Interbelic Orhei CoA.png

Interwar Coat of Arms of Orhei

Orhei takes its name from the Hungarian Őrhely, Template:Literally, as it was an outpost of the Hungarian army guarding the gyepű.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It was the Ottoman-occupied military center of northern Bessarabia until it was ceded to the Russian Empire in 1812.Template:Citation needed The word "orhei" was used by local population, meaning "strengthened hill, fortress, deserted courtyard".<ref>Teodor PORUCIC - Lexiconul termenilor entropici din limba română în Basarabia, extras din Arhivele Basarabiei, 1931, nr. 1-4, Chişinău</ref> The name "Orhei" is derived from the Hungarian word Őrhely or Várhely, the earlier meaning "lookout post", dating from the 13th century, when Hungarian forces built a series of defences in the area.<ref>Nándor Bárdi, László Diószegi, András Gyertyánfy, "Hungarians in Moldavia" Template:Webarchive, Magyar Kisebbség 1–2 (7–8), 1997 (III), pp. 370–390.</ref> Orhei gets its name from Orheiul Vechi, an active monastery near the village of Ivancea.

Like the rest of Bessarabia, Orhei was taken by the Kingdom of Romania after World War I. During World War II, it was annexed by the USSR in 1940. In 1941, Romania recaptured the town, however, it was re-occupied by the USSR on 6 April 1944, during the Uman–Botoșani Offensive, and was rebuilt after the war. In 1991 it became part of the Republic of Moldova.

In 1990s Orhei was the leader of the "romanization" process.

Prior to 2003, Orhei was the capital of Orhei County, a large administrative region, but the country was divided further into Raion, or districts.

The St. Dumitru Church built by Vasile Lupu is located in this town.

Ilan Shor was elected mayor in 2015; he served until 2019. Pavel Verejanu won the 2019 mayoral election in 2019,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> with about 80% of the vote. Verejanu was Shor's preferred candidate.

Demographics

According to the 2014 census, the population of Orhei amounted to 21,065 inhabitants (making it the ninth largest city in Moldova), a decrease compared to the previous census in 2004, when 25,641 inhabitants were registered. Of these, 10,032 were men and 11,033 were women.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} Template:In lang</ref>

Template:Historical populations Footnotes:

* Moldovan language is one of the two local names for the Romanian language in Moldova. In 2013, the Constitutional Court of Moldova interpreted that Article 13 of the constitution is superseded by the Declaration of Independence,<ref name="const-court">Template:Cite news</ref> thus giving official status to the name Romanian.<ref name="foxnews">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

While Orhei was still within Bessarabia, the population in 1920 was estimated to be 25,000. At that time, two-thirds of the population were Jewish. The remaining population was Russian, Romanian and Ruthenians.<ref name=Kaba/>

Religion

File:Оргеевская синагога Sinagoga Orheiului Orhei Synagogue (44106220910).jpg

Synagogue

File:Biserica Romano-Catolica Adormirea Maicii Domnului din Orhei The Dormition of the Mother of God Roman-Catholic Church, Orhei, Moldova (48792321146).jpg

Roman Catholic Cathedral

Orhei was home to many Jews prior to World War II, and has a large Jewish cemetery. There is only one active synagogue left in the community. The main churches are Romanian Orthodox and Russian Orthodox. Also in the area are: Baptist, Roman Catholic, Seventh-day Adventist Church, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the Salvation Army, and Jehovah's Witnesses.

Economy

Orhei was the first place in what was then known as Bessarabia, to have a successful tobacco industry. The area is also known for wine production.<ref name=Kaba>Template:Cite book</ref>

Sport

FC Milsami Orhei is based in the city. The team won the Moldovan National Division in 2015.

Media

Orhei has two local radio stations: Radio Orhei (101.6 FM) founded in 2005, contains news from region and republic.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2018, its name was cloned by a broadcaster affiliated to the Șor Party – Radio Orhei FM (97.5 FM).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Radio Orhei FM broadcasts news from the Orhei region, Moldova national news, international news, and Russian, Moldovan, and Romanian music.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> There is also an Orhei City Hall site.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Natives

• Jacobo Fijman
• Dovid Knut
• Mihail Maculețchi
• Alex Magala
• Rodica Mahu
• Pasha Parfeny

International relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

Orhei is twinned with:

• Template:Flagicon Bicaz, Romania
• Template:Flagicon Piatra Neamț, Romania<ref name="Piatra Neamț">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Gallery

• Orhei Vechi 08.JPG

  Old Orhei

• Catedrala Sf. Dumitru din Orhei. Vedere dinspre sud-vest.jpg

  St. Dumitru Church

• Biserica Sf. Nicolae din Orhei. Vedere de lângă gard.jpg

  Saint Nicholas church

• Biserica armeano-gregoriană „Sf. Născătoare de Dumnezeu”,.jpg

  Armenian church

Further reading

• Orgeyev/Orhei (pp. 372–375) at Miriam Weiner's Routes to Roots Foundation

External links

• Template:JewishGen-LocalityPage