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Pahlavi dynasty

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Template:Short description Template:About Template:Pp-move Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox family The Pahlavi dynasty (Template:Langx) was the last Iranian royal dynasty that ruled for roughly 53 years between 1925 and 1979. The dynasty was founded by Reza Shah Pahlavi, a non-aristocratic Iranian Mazanderani soldier<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> in modern times, who took on the name of the Pahlavi language spoken in the pre-Islamic Sasanian Empire to strengthen his nationalist credentials.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The dynasty replaced the Qajar dynasty in 1925 after the 1921 coup d'état, beginning on 14 January 1921 when 42-year-old soldier Reza Khan was promoted by British General Edmund Ironside to lead the British-run Persian Cossack Brigade.<ref name="GhaniGhanī2001">Template:Cite book</ref> About a month later, under British direction, Reza Khan's 3,000–4,000 strong detachment of the Cossack Brigade reached Tehran in what became known as the 1921 Persian coup d'état.<ref name=Zirinsky/><ref>Brysac, Shareen Blair. "A Very British Coup: How Reza Shah Won and Lost His Throne." World Policy Journal 24, no. 2 (2007): 90–103. Accessed 8 August 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40210096</ref> The rest of the country was taken by 1923, and by October 1925 the Majlis agreed to depose and formally exile Ahmad Shah Qajar. The Majlis declared Reza Pahlavi as the new Shah of Iran on 12 December 1925, pursuant to the Persian Constitution of 1906.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Initially, Pahlavi had planned to declare the country a republic, as his contemporary Atatürk had done in Turkey, but abandoned the idea in the face of British and clerical opposition.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The dynasty ruled Iran for 28 years as a form of constitutional monarchy from 1925 until 1953, and following the overthrow of the elected prime minister, for a further 26 years as a more autocratic monarchy until the dynasty was itself overthrown in 1979.

Family backgroundEdit

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File:Celebration-of-Persia-2500-anniversary-391756974997.jpg
Farah, Mohammad Reza and Crown Prince Reza depicted in a card stunt at the 2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire

In 1878, Reza Khan was born at the village of Alasht in Savadkuh County, Mazandaran Province. His parents were Abbas Ali Khan and Noushafarin Ayromlou.<ref name="Afkhami2008">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=Zirinsky>Template:Cite journal</ref> His mother was a Muslim immigrant from Georgia (then part of the Russian Empire),<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> whose family had emigrated to mainland Qajar Iran after Iran was forced to cede all of its territories in the Caucasus following the Russo-Persian Wars several decades prior to Reza Shah's birth.<ref>Homa Katouzian. "State and Society in Iran: The Eclipse of the Qajars and the Emergence of the Pahlavis" I.B.Tauris, 2006. Template:ISBN p 269</ref> His father was a Mazandarani, commissioned in the 7th Savadkuh Regiment, and served in the Anglo-Persian War in 1856.

Heads of House of PahlaviEdit

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Number Picture Name Family relations Lifespan Assumed title Relinquished title
I Reza Shah Reza Pahlavi — 1878–1944 15 December 1925 16 September 1941
(abdicated)
II Mohammad Reza Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Son of Reza Pahlavi 1919–1980 16 September 1941 11 February 1979
(deposed)
27 July 1980
(died)
— File:Shahbanu of Iran (3x4 cropped).jpg Farah Pahlavi (Third wife of Mohammad Reza Shah) Widow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 1938–current 27 July 1980
 31 October 1980
(regency expired)
III Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran Prince Reza Pahlavi Son of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Farah Pahlavi 1960–current 31 October 1980
 Incumbent

ConsortsEdit

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Number Picture Name Father Lifespan Marriage Became consort Ceased to be consort Spouse
I File:Taj ol-Molouk - queen of Persia (3x4 cropped).jpg Tadj ol-Molouk Teymūr Khan Ayromlou 1896–1982 1916 15 December 1925 16 September 1941

(husband abdicated)

Reza Pahlavi
II File:Esmat Dowlatshahi (3x4 cropped).jpg Esmat Dowlatshahi Gholam Ali Mirza Dowlatshahi 1905–1995 1923 15 December 1925
III File:Princess Fawzia Fuad of Egypt by Armand (3x4 cropped).jpg Princess Fawzia of Egypt Fuad I of Egypt 1921–2013 1939 16 September 1941 17 November 1948

(divorced)

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
IV File:Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari-045 (3x4 cropped).jpg Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiary Khalil Esfandiary-Bakhtiary 1932–2001 12 February 1951 15 March 1958

(divorced)

V File:Shahbanu of Iran (3x4 cropped).jpg Farah Diba Sohrab Diba 1938–current 21 December 1959
(as queen consort) 		11 February 1979
(husband was deposed)
27 July 1980
(widowed)
26 October 1967
(as empress consort)
Office vacant from 16 September 1980 to 12 June 1986
VI File:MG-1587 (cropped).jpg Yasmine Etemad-Amini Abdullah Etemad-Amini 1968–current 12 June 1986 Incumbent Reza Pahlavi

HeirsEdit

File:Prince Alireza Pahlavi.jpg
Prince Ali-Reza Pahlavi, the heir presumptive until his death in 1954

The former constitution of Iran specifically provided that only a male who was not descended from Qajar dynasty could become the heir apparent.<ref name="Dareini">Template:Cite book</ref> This made all half-brothers of Mohammad Reza ineligible to become heirs to the throne.<ref name="Dareini"/> Until his death in 1954, the Shah's only full brother Ali Reza was his heir presumptive.<ref name="Dareini"/>

The constitution also required the Shah to be of Iranian descent, meaning that his father and mother are Iranian.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Line of succession in February 1979Edit

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Current line of successionEdit

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List of crown princesEdit

Name Portrait Relationship to monarch Became heir Ceased to be heir; reason
Office vacant from 15 December 1925 to 24 April 1926
1 Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Mohammad Reza Shah Eldest son 25 April 1926<ref name="LOC">Template:Cite book</ref> 16 September 1941

(Became king)

Office vacant from 16 September 1941 to 26 October 1967
2 Reza Pahlavi II Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran Eldest son 1 November 1960 (proclaimed)<ref name="LOC"/>

26 October 1967 (designated)<ref name="LOC"/>

11 February 1979

(Father deposed)

Royal jewelsEdit

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MonumentsEdit

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Use of titlesEdit

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  • Shâh: Emperor, followed by Shâhanshâh of Iran, with style His Imperial Majesty
  • Shahbânu: Shahbânu or Empress, followed by first name, followed by "of Iran", with style Her Imperial Majesty
  • Valiahd: Crown Prince of Iran, with style His Imperial Highness
  • Younger sons: Prince (Shâhpūr, or King's Son), followed by first name and surname (Pahlavi), and style His Imperial Highness.
  • Daughters: Princess (Shâhdokht, or King's Daughter), followed by first name and surname (Pahlavi), and style Her Imperial Highness.
  • Children of the monarch's daughter/s use another version of Prince (Vâlâ Gohar, "of superior essence") or Princess (Vâlâ Gohari), which indicate descent in the second generation through the female line, and use the styles His Highness or Her Highness. This is then followed by first name and father's surname, whether he was royal or a commoner. However, the children by the last Shah's sister Fatemeh, who married an American businessman as her first husband, are surnamed Pahlavi Hillyer and do not use any titles.

See alsoEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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