Papatoetoe

Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use New Zealand English Template:Stack begin Template:Infobox New Zealand suburb Template:Adjacent place Template:Stack end Papatoetoe is a suburb in Auckland, New Zealand. It is the largest suburb in Auckland by population<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and is located to the northwest of Manukau Central, and Template:Convert southeast of Auckland CBD.

Papatoetoe was traditionally an important area for Tāmaki Māori, who used a waka portage between the Tāmaki River and Waokauri Creek to reach the Manukau Harbour, as an alternative to the Ōtāhuhu portage to the north. The area developed as a farming community in the 19th century, and grew significantly in the 1950s and 1960s after the Auckland Southern Motorway was constructed. Papatoetoe is now known for its significant population of Indian New Zealanders.

Etymology

Papatoetoe means "grounds where toetoe grows", referring to species of Austroderia grasses that traditionally grew in the area.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Papatoetoe"/> The name Papatoetoe was first used by English settlers from the 1850s onwards.<ref name="HeritageTrail"/> The spelling Papatoitoi was common in English in the 19th century, and was gradually replaced with Papatoetoe after the local post office began using this spelling.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Geology

File:Kohuora Explosion Crater 2009.jpg

Kohuora is a tuff crater located in Papatoetoe

Papatoetoe is low-lying flat area in South Auckland, located south of the Auckland isthmus and east of the Māngere peninsula.<ref name="Papatoetoe">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Some features of the Auckland volcanic field can be found around Papatoetoe, including Kohuora, a tuff ring that erupted an estimated 34,000 years ago,<ref name="Hopkins 2020">Template:Cite journal</ref> becoming a wetland after the crater gradually filled with water and sediment,<ref name="Papatoetoe">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Crater Hill, which erupted an estimated 30,000 years ago.<ref name="Hopkins 2020"/> The low-lying volcanic features of South Auckland were collectively known by the name Nga Tapuwae a Mataoho ("The Sacred Footprints of Mataoho") to Tāmaki Māori peoples, referring to the deity who was involved in their creation.<ref name="MakaurauMarae">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Graham">Template:Cite Q</ref>

Papatoetoe is a flat area between the catchments of the Manukau Harbour in the west and the Tāmaki River to the north-east. Major waterways in the area include the Waokauri Creek, the Puhinui Creek to the south, and the north-flowing Tāmaki River and Ōtara Creek.

The area was forested before human occupation, and by the 1840s was covered in a mix of fern and scrub, including plants such as kānuka, mānuka and toetoe.<ref name="Papatoetoe"/>

History

Māori history

File:Rangitoto and Auckland 31-03-2012 14-03-10.jpg

The Waokauri / Pūkaki portage allowed for waka to cross between the Manukau Harbour and the Tāmaki River, south of the Ōtāhuhu portage

The first evidence of Tāmaki Māori in the coastal Manukau Harbour area comes from the 14th century, with evidence of the first settlements later in the 15th century.Template:Sfn Papatoetoe formed an important part of the Waokauri / Pūkaki portage, connecting the Manukau Harbour and Tāmaki River, and was often used by Tāmaki Māori to avoid the Te Tō Waka and Karetu portages, controlled by the people who lived at Ōtāhuhu / Mount Richmond.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Papatoetoe is within the traditional rohe of Waiohua, including the modern Tainui/Waiohua iwi Te Ākitai Waiohua.<ref name="Archaeological">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A Te Ākitai whakatauki (proverb) defines the boundaries of Papatoetoe:

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Compared to other parts of Tāmaki Makaurau (the Auckland Region), there are few fortified pā sites in Papatoetoe due to the flat land. There is one known pā in the Papatoetoe area, at Cemetery Crater (Hillside South Park).<ref name="HeritageTrail">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The pā is known by the name Te Pā-o-te-tū-tahi-atu, a name that describes the pā as temporary, due to the surrounding flat landscape not being ideal for fortifications.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Waokauri / Pūkaki portage was actively used during the early colonial era until the 1860s, as a way to transport goods to Papatoetoe.<ref name="HeritageTrail"/>

Colonial era

File:Old Papatoetoe Railway Station (14083645241).jpg

The old Papatoetoe Railway Station

In January 1836 missionary William Thomas Fairburn brokered a land sale between Tāmaki Māori chiefs, Pōtatau Te Wherowhero and Turia of Ngāti Te Rau, covering the majority of modern-day South Auckland between Ōtāhuhu and Papakura. The sale was envisioned as a way to end hostilities in the area, but it is unclear what the chiefs understood or consented to. Māori continued to live in South Auckland, unchanged by this sale.<ref name="Old Land Claims">Template:Cite report</ref> Fairburn was criticised for the sheer size of the purchase, and in 1842 the Crown significantly reduced the size of his land holdings,Template:Sfn and the Crown partitioned much of the land for European settlers.<ref name="Old Land Claims"/>

In April 1851, the Tāmaki Bridge was constructed along the Great South Road, spurring growth in the Papatoetoe area.<ref name="HeritageTrail"/> In 1855 the road was metalled, and coach services to Auckland began in 1857 when the road reached as far south as Drury.<ref name="Papatoetoe"/> European settlers began settling in the area from the 1850s, primarily Scottish and Irish Presbyterians. The area was sparsely populated, featuring large country houses such as Hillside, Puhi Nui and Papahinu. The first St Johns Presbyterian Church was built in 1855 (later replaced by wooden Gothic and brick churches).<ref name="Papatoetoe"/> In 1861, Governor George Grey ordered the construction of the Great South Road further into the Waikato, to improve supply lines through swampy and thickly forested country, prior to the Invasion of the Waikato.<ref name="Essay Vincent">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On 9 July 1863, due to fears of the Māori King Movement, Governor Grey proclaimed that all Māori living in the South Auckland area needed to swear loyalty to the Queen and give up their weapons. Most people refused due to strong links to Tainui, leaving for the south. During this time, the Te Ākitai Waiohua rangatira Īhaka Takaanini was arrested and died on Rakino Island.Template:Sfn After the war, the Crown confiscated 1.2 million acres of Māori land around the Waikato, including Waiohua land in South Auckland.<ref name="Papatoetoe"/>

The first local government in the area was the Papatoitoi Highway District, which was defined in 1865 and began meeting from 1868.<ref name="Papatoetoe"/> In 1875, the Papatoetoe railway station opened, connecting Papatoetoe to Auckland in the north. The new township began developing around the railway station, and by the 1880s dairy farming had become popular in the area.<ref name="Papatoetoe"/>

Suburban growth

File:View of St George Street, Papatoetoe, ca 1925 (cropped).jpg

St George Street in Papatoetoe, circa 1925

File:Santa Parade, Papatoetoe, 2004.jpg

Members of the Punjabi Cultural Association of New Zealand participating in the 2004 Papatoetoe Santa Parade

Housing estates began developing in Papatoetoe in the early 1900s, primarily to the east of the railway station. These included the Kolmar Estate (1903), Central Estate (1912), the Ideal Estate (1913), Llanforda Estate (1913), Station Estate (1913), and the Green Park Estate (1914).<ref name="Papatoetoe"/> By 1911, the population of Papatoetoe had doubled to 400 people.<ref name="Papatoetoe"/> In March 1912, a temporary military camp was established for the 3rd (Auckland) Regiment at Puhinui.<ref name="Papatoetoe"/>

In 1918, a public hall was constructed for Papatoetoe, and in the following year growth in the area meant that Papatoetoe became a town district.<ref name="Papatoetoe"/> Papatoetoe became one of the fastest growing areas of Auckland in the 1920s, and a second commercial area began to develop in Papatoetoe, at the motor bus service terminus on Great South Road, near the Hunter's tearooms, which developed into Hunters Corner.<ref name="HeritageTrail"/> During the Great Depression, growth slowed in Papatoetoe, and the area became known for poultry farming.<ref name="Papatoetoe"/> In 1929, the Waitemata Brewery opened near Papatoetoe, operated by the Dominion Brewery.<ref name="Papatoetoe"/>

During World War II, the Cambria Park estate was requisitioned by the Public Works Department, who constructed a military camp for 6,000 troops from the United States Army. Middlemore Hospital opened in 1947, intended as a temporary military hospital, later becoming permanent.<ref name="Papatoetoe"/>

Papatoetoe grew large enough to become a borough in 1946.<ref name="Papatoetoe"/> In the late 1940s and early 1950s, the Māori Affairs Department of the New Zealand Government encouraged growth in the Papatoetoe area, leading to an influx of Urban Māori moving from rural areas of the country.<ref name="Papatoetoe"/>

The development of the Auckland Southern Motorway led to an explosion in the population of Papatoetoe, with the population increasing four times in the post-World War II period. The motorway opened between Ellerslie and Redoubt Road in 1955.<ref name="Papatoetoe"/> In 1958, the first modern supermarket in New Zealand was opened in Papatoetoe, by Tom Ah Chee, Norm Kent and John Brown,<ref name="HeritageTrail"/> and in 1962 Nestlé opened a factory at Cambria Park in Papatoetoe, becoming a major employer in the area.<ref name="Papatoetoe"/>

Papatoetoe became a city in 1965, and was amalgamated into Manukau City in 1989.<ref name="Papatoetoe"/> In 1991, the Hunters Plaza mall was opened.<ref name="HeritageTrail"/> Population growth had mostly ceased and remained stagnant throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, however a significant increase in population occurred after 2006 due to high rates of immigration and changes to the Auckland Unitary Plan allowing more intensive infill housing on large sections.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Papatoetoe has the unofficial title of Auckland's Little India, with 40 percent of the suburb's population being of Indian ethnicity according to the 2018 census.<ref name="indiannewslink.co.nz">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Local government

The first local government in the area was the Papatoitoi Highway District, which was defined in 1865. This was succeeded by the Papatoetoe Town Board in 1919.<ref name="Papatoetoe"/> In 1946, population growth led to Papatoetoe becoming a borough, and by 1965 Papatoetoe became a city.<ref name="HeritageTrail"/> The borough expanded in 1950 when Template:Cvt was added from Manukau County, and a further Template:Cvt transferred to Papatoetoe in 1959.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> With the local government reforms of 1989, Papatoetoe was amalgamated into the Manukau City.

In November 2010, all cities and districts of the Auckland Region were amalgamated into a single body, governed by the Auckland Council.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Papatoetoe is a part of the Ōtara-Papatoetoe local board area within the Manukau Ward. Elected representatives sit on the Ōtara-Papatoetoe Local Board, and two Manukau ward councillors sit on the Auckland Council.

The old Papatoetoe City Council building is at 91 Cambridge Terrace, Papatoetoe.

List of mayors

	Name	Term
Papatoetoe Borough Council
1	Victor Maurice Tracey	1946–1948
2	Thomas Richard Smytheman	1948–1953
3	Cyril James Mahon	1953–1959
4	Lee Isbister Murdoch	1959–1965
Papatoetoe City Council
5	Bob White	1965–1986
6	Allan Walter Brewster	1986–1989

Demographics

Papatoetoe covers Template:Convert<ref name="Area">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and had an estimated population of Template:Decimals as of Template:NZ population data 2023 SA2 with a population density of Template:Decimals people per km².

Template:Historical populations Papatoetoe had a population of 47,907 in the 2023 New Zealand census, an increase of 2,883 people (6.4%) since the 2018 census, and an increase of 8,499 people (21.6%) since the 2013 census. There were 24,063 males, 23,757 females and 87 people of other genders in 13,275 dwellings.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> 2.1% of people identified as LGBTIQ+. The median age was 32.1 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 10,614 people (22.2%) aged under 15 years, 11,220 (23.4%) aged 15 to 29, 21,738 (45.4%) aged 30 to 64, and 4,335 (9.0%) aged 65 or older.<ref name="Census 2023"/>

People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 16.3% European (Pākehā); 13.1% Māori; 35.5% Pasifika; 48.1% Asian; 1.2% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 0.9% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 88.0%, Māori language by 2.9%, Samoan by 11.2%, and other languages by 37.2%. No language could be spoken by 3.3% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.4%. The percentage of people born overseas was 51.8, compared with 28.8% nationally.<ref name="Census 2023"/>

Religious affiliations were 38.0% Christian, 17.5% Hindu, 6.9% Islam, 1.1% Māori religious beliefs, 2.0% Buddhist, 0.1% New Age, and 9.8% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 18.9%, and 6.1% of people did not answer the census question.<ref name="Census 2023"/>

Of those at least 15 years old, 7,275 (19.5%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 16,191 (43.4%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 13,824 (37.1%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $40,000, compared with $41,500 nationally. 1,935 people (5.2%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 20,040 (53.7%) people were employed full-time, 3,324 (8.9%) were part-time, and 1,572 (4.2%) were unemployed.<ref name="Census 2023">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Individual statistical areas

Name	Area (km2)	Population	Density (per km2)	Dwellings	Median age	Median income
Grange	1.43	2,427	1,697	540	28.5 years	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Papatoetoe North	0.73	3,726	5,104	1,089	32.1 years	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Dingwall	0.65	2,781	4,278	747	32.8 years	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Aorere South West	0.69	2,652	3,843	711	31.4 years	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Aorere South East	0.61	2,613	4,284	648	30.3 years	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Papatoetoe North West	0.77	3,159	4,103	804	29.8 years	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Papatoetoe West	0.76	3,903	5,136	1,074	31.8 years	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Papatoetoe Central East	0.89	3,261	3,664	1,038	34.5 years	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Papatoetoe Central West	0.83	3,372	4,063	1,131	34.7 years	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Papatoetoe North East	0.61	3,327	5,454	945	32.0 years	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Papatoetoe East	0.78	3,483	4,465	972	31.6 years	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Papatoetoe South West	0.70	3,099	4,427	795	30.2 years	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Papatoetoe South	0.65	3,549	5,460	978	33.5 years	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Puhinui North	0.70	3,984	5,691	1,158	32.7 years	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Puhinui South	0.53	2,574	4,857	651	31.8 years	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
New Zealand					38.1 years	$41,500

Economy

File:Papatoetoe Town Centre, A Car Paradise.jpg

St George Street, Town Centre.

Papatoetoe Town Centre

In early 2009, planning began to revitalise the town centre in the St. George Street area. The plan envisaged new apartment buildings and nearby sports facilities bringing more business to the area, which had struggled due to competition from shopping malls.<ref>Facelift to help town centre fight the malls – The New Zealand Herald, Wednesday 25 March 2009, Page A8</ref>

Hunter's Corner

Hunter's Corner has become a popular shopping area for shoppers of Indian origin. Hunter's Corner accounts for 60 retail outlets of which about 40 have some form of Indian flavour.<ref name="indiannewslink.co.nz"/>

Hunter's Corner used to be a notorious area for prostitution in the early 2000s due to it being relatively safer compared to similar town centres in South Auckland, however prostitution has largely disappeared in recent times after strong opposition from local residents.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Hunters Plaza

The Hunters Plaza shopping mall opened in 1991 and was upgraded in 2015.<ref name="HuntersPlazaOpening">Template:Cite news</ref> It features 47 stores, including Kmart and Woolworths.<ref name="HuntersPlazaStores">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Transport

Papatoetoe contains two train stations within the suburban limits. These include the Papatoetoe railway station situated in Old Papatoetoe and nearby Puhinui railway station situated in Puhinui Road. Both the Eastern Line and the Southern Line services both train stations. During peak times there is a train approximately every 5 minutes heading towards Britomart. It takes approximately 30 minutes from Papatoetoe railway station into Britomart. The Puhinui Station Interchange was upgraded in July 2021 to provide a rapid transit network to Auckland Airport, as well as forming a connection with Manukau. It takes approximately 10–12 minutes from Puhinui Station to Auckland Airport.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Auckland Southern Motorway and Southwestern Motorway connect Papatoetoe with Auckland City and Manukau. Southwestern Motorway interchanges are on Puhinui Road to the south and Massey Road in Māngere East to the north. The Southern Motorway interchange is on East Tamaki Road.

Sports

Association football

Papatoetoe is home to Papatoetoe AFC who compete in the Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 1A. Papatoetoe is home to Papatoetoe United who play from the sports complex on Great South Road and are affiliated with Auckland Football Federation.

Cricket

Papatoetoe is home to the Papatoetoe Cricket Club who play in the Auckland Cricket Championship.

Rugby league

Papatoetoe is home to the Papatoetoe Panthers who are affiliated with the Auckland Rugby League.

Rugby union

Papatoetoe Rugby Football Club was established in 1946 and plays home matches at the Papatoetoe Sport Complex on Great South Road.

Tennis

Papatoetoe is home to two tennis clubs, Papatoetoe Tennis Club located at Papatoetoe Sports Complex and Sunnyside Tennis Club located in the Sunnyside Domain. Both clubs are affiliated to Auckland Tennis. Sunnyside Tennis Club was formed originally as Puhunui Tennis Club in 1955.

Education

Primary education

Papatoetoe has five primary schools in its zone:

• Holy Cross School is a Catholic full primary school (years 1–8) integrated with the state system. Founded in 1953, it has a roll of Template:NZ school roll data.<ref>Template:TKI</ref>
• Papatoetoe Central School is a state contributing primary school (years 1–6) with a roll of Template:NZ school roll data. Founded in 1857, the school moved to its current site in 1872.<ref>Template:TKI</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Papatoetoe East School is a state contributing primary school (years 1–6). It was established in 1958 and currently has a roll of Template:NZ school roll data.<ref>Template:TKI</ref>
• Papatoetoe South School is a state contributing primary school (years 1–6). It has a roll of Template:NZ school roll data.<ref>Template:TKI</ref>
• Papatoetoe West School is a state contributing primary school (years 1–6) which opened in 1949. It has a roll of Template:NZ school roll data.<ref>Template:TKI</ref>

In addition, Papatoetoe North School, Puhinui School and South Auckland Seventh-day Adventist School could be considered to be in Papatoetoe.

Papatoetoe has one intermediate school:

• Papatoetoe Intermediate School is a state school for years 7–8 with a roll of Template:NZ school roll data.<ref>Template:TKI</ref>

Kedgley Intermediate is on the boundary of the Papatoetoe area.

Secondary education

Papatoetoe has two secondary schools:

• Papatoetoe High School is a state secondary school (years 9–13) with a roll of Template:NZ school roll data.<ref>Template:TKI</ref>
• Aorere College is a state secondary school (years 9–13) with a roll of Template:NZ school roll data.<ref>Template:TKI</ref>

All these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of Template:NZ school roll data

Dingwall Trust, a local Presbyterian orphanage, was previously a registered school and now provides scholarships to a small number of eligible students.

Papatoetoe Historical Society

Papatoetoe Historical Society was established in 1988 with the aim to gather the historical artefacts and information from the Papatoetoe district. The collection held includes a collation of information on Local Body members, schools as they developed, the origin and meaning of street names, women of the district (book available), people of the surrounding farming district, newspaper cuttings and information on local organisations. The society has also developed an archive collection which includes photographs, books, booklets, plans and posters. These collections can be viewed at the Papatoetoe Historical Society museum, currently being set up at the Papatoetoe Chambers, 35 St George St, Papatoetoe following its relocation from The Depot.<ref name="Papatoetoe Historical Society">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="nzmuseums-Papatoetoe Historical Society">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2012, Papatoetoe celebrated 150 years of civic life. The Papatoetoe 150 was initiated by the Papatoetoe Historical society to increase awareness of history and promote community organisations.

Notable people

• Douglas Al-Bazi, refugee from Iraq
• Len Brown - Former Mayor of Auckland
• Barry Crump – Author, poet
• David Dallas – Hip Hop Artist
• Dillon Boucher - NZ Basketball Player, lived in Papatoetoe and went to Papatoetoe High School
• Ricki Herbert – Soccer player – Played National Level for the All Whites and is their current coach. Also played for New Zealand in Soccer World Cup Finals 1982
• Phil Goff – Mayor of Auckland, Former Labour Party Leader, Foreign and Defence Minister, lived in Papatoetoe and attended Papatoetoe High School
• Mike King - Mental Health Advocate<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Kyle Jamieson - NZ Cricketer, lived in Papatoetoe <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Keven Mealamu - Former All Black. Lived in Papatoetoe and attended Aorere College
• Trevor Meale – Cricketer
• David Shearer - Former Labour Party Leader, lived in Papatoetoe and attended Papatoetoe High School
• Ish Sodhi - NZ Cricketer, lived in Papatoetoe and attended Papatoetoe High School
• Tyree Tautogia – Part of highly successful rap group Smashproof<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Gary Troup – Played club cricket in Papatoetoe going on to represent New Zealand 1976 – 1986
• Heather Matthews (née Thompson) – Silver Medalist 1978 Commonwealth Games (3000 m). MBE – Services To Sport, Papatoetoe Sports Person of the Year.
• Dei Hamo - Musician, attended Aorere College, referenced Papatoe in his top charting track We Gon' Ride.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Attractions

File:Papatoetoe Old Train Station.jpg

Papatoetoe's Old Railway Station – a local landmark.

• Murals in Old Papatoetoe

• "Picnic Scene" by Ron van Dam (near Wallace Road corner)
• "Papatoetoe General Store" by Christine Trout (Papatoetoe Mall)
• "Bottle O" by Christine Trout (Papatoetoe Mall)
• "Cameos" by Claudia Pond-Eyley (near Town Hall)
• "Old Papatoetoe Logo" by Ron van Dam (near Shirley Road)
• "St George St – 1930" by Merv Appleton (Rangitoto Road)

• Historical cemeteries at Manukau Memorial Gardens and St John's Presbyterian Church.
• Historic landmarks including

• Old Railway Station
• Cambria House and associated historic gardens (Puhinui Road)
• Old Children's home (now in Wyllie Road)

Bibliography

• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book

External links

• Photographs of Papatoetoe held in Auckland Libraries' heritage collections.
• Photographs of Papatoetoe held at Auckland War Memorial Museum collections.