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Pat Buchanan

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In 1992 and 1996, Buchanan sought the Republican presidential nomination. In 1992, he ran against incumbent president George H. W. Bush, campaigning against Bush's breaking of his "Read my lips: no new taxes" pledge, as well as his foreign policy, his trade and immigration policy, and his positions on social issues. At the 1992 Republican National Convention, Buchanan delivered his "culture war" speech in support of the nominated President Bush. In 1996, he ran against eventual Republican nominee Bob Dole, but withdrew after getting only 21 percent of Republican primary votes. In 2000, he was the Reform Party's presidential nominee. His campaign centered on non-interventionism in foreign affairs, opposition to illegal immigration, and opposition to the outsourcing of manufacturing from free trade. He selected educator and conservative activist Ezola Foster as his running-mate. Despite his own terminology of self-identification, expressed in the desire to be called a "supporter of the doctrine of disengagement", his foreign policy views have been categorized as isolationist.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

In 2002, he co-founded The American Conservative magazine and launched a foundation named The American Cause.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He has been published in The Occidental Observer, Human Events, National Review, The Nation, and Rolling Stone. The original host on CNN's Crossfire, he was a political commentator on the MSNBC cable network, including the show Morning Joe until February 2012, later appearing on Fox News. Buchanan was also a regular panelist on The McLaughlin Group. Many of his views, particularly his opposition to American imperialism and the managerial state, echo those of the Old Right Republicans of the first half of the 20th century. Starting in 2006, Buchanan had been a frequent contributor to VDARE<ref name="splcenter.org">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="VDare">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> until his retirement in 2023.<ref name="VDare"/> Template:Toc limit

Early life and educationEdit

Buchanan was born in Washington, D.C., on November 2, 1938, to William Baldwin Buchanan (August 13, 1905, in Virginia – January 19, 1988 in Washington, D.C.), a partner in an accounting firm], and his wife Catherine Elizabeth (Crum) Buchanan (December 23, 1911, in Charleroi, Pennsylvania – September 18, 1995, in Oakton, Virginia), a nurse and homemaker.<ref name=wargs>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="ThomsonGale-Bio">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Buchanan had six brothers (Brian, Henry, James, John, Thomas, and William Jr.) and two sisters (Kathleen Theresa and Angela Marie (nicknamed Bay). Bay served as U.S. Treasurer during the Reagan administration. Buchanan's father was of Irish, English, and Scottish ancestry, and his mother was of German descent.<ref name=wargs /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He had a great-grandfather who fought in the American Civil War in the Confederate States Army, which earned Buchanan membership in the Sons of Confederate Veterans.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> He admires Robert E. Lee, Douglas MacArthur, and Joseph McCarthy.<ref name=WaPo-Ironfist>Template:Cite news</ref>

Buchanan described his Southern ancestry, writing:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />

I have family roots in the South, in Mississippi. When the Civil War came, Cyrus Baldwin enlisted and did not survive Vicksburg. William Buchanan of Okolona, who would marry Baldwin's daughter, fought at Atlanta and was captured by General Sherman. William Baldwin Buchanan was the name given to my father and by him to my late brother.

As a member of the Sons of Confederate Veterans, I have been to their gatherings. I spoke at the 2001 SCV convention in Lafayette, LA. The Military Order of the Stars and Bars presented me with a battle flag and a wooden canteen like the ones my ancestors carried.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>{{#if:|{{#if:|}}

— {{#if:|, in }}Template:Comma separated entries

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Buchanan was born into a Catholic family and attended Catholic schools, including the Jesuit-run Gonzaga College High School in Washington, D.C. He then attended Georgetown University, where participated in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) program, but did not it. In 1960, he graduated with a bachelors degree in English. He subsequently received his draft notice, but the District of Columbia Draft Board exempted Buchanan from military service because of reactive arthritis, classifying him as 4-F. He then attended the Graduate School of Journalism at Columbia University, where he wrote his thesis on the expanding trade between Canada and Cuba and was awarded a master's degree in journalism in 1962.<ref name="telegraph">Template:Cite news</ref>

CareerEdit

St. Louis Globe-Democrat editorial writerEdit

After receiving his master's degree, at age 23, Buchanan joined the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. In 1961, during the first year of the U.S. embargo against Cuba following the Cuban Revolution, trade between Canada and Cuba tripled. The Globe-Democrat published a rewrite of Buchanan's Columbia master's project under the eight-column banner "Canada sells to Red Cuba — And Prospers" eight weeks after Buchanan started at the paper. In his memoir, Right from the Beginning, he considered the column a career milestone, though he later said the embargo against Cuba strengthened the communist regime and opposed it.<ref name="NCPA-Trade">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1964, Buchanan was promoted to assistant editorial page editor, and he supported Barry Goldwater's presidential campaign that year, though the Globe-Democrat did not endorse Goldwater. Buchanan speculated there was a clandestine agreement between the newspaper and incumbent U.S. president Lyndon B. Johnson. Buchanan recalled, "the conservative movement has always advanced from its defeats...I can't think of a single conservative who was sorry about the Goldwater campaign."<ref name=WaPo-Ironfist />

Buchanan authored the forward to several editions of Goldwater's book, The Conscience of a Conservative. He was a member of Young Americans for Freedom and wrote press releases for the organization. In 1965, he was executive assistant at Nixon, Mudge, Rose, Guthrie, Alexander, and Mitchell, the law firm where Richard Nixon launched his professional comeback following his resignation in August 1974 over the Watergate scandal.

Nixon White HouseEdit

File:Portrait of Patrick Buchanan, presidential aide - NARA - 194638.jpg
Buchanan in 1969

The next year, he was the first adviser hired by Nixon's presidential campaign;<ref name="Trialbyfire">Template:Cite news</ref> he worked primarily as an opposition researcher. The highly partisan speeches Buchanan wrote were consciously aimed at Richard Nixon's dedicated supporters, for which his colleagues soon nicknamed him Mr. Inside.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Buchanan traveled with Nixon throughout the campaigns of 1966 and 1968. He made toured Western Europe, Africa and, following the Six-Day War, the Middle East.

During the course of Nixon's presidency, Buchanan became entrusted on press relations, policy positions, and political strategy.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Early on during Nixon's presidency, Buchanan worked as a White House assistant and speechwriter for Nixon and Vice President Spiro Agnew. Buchanan coined the phrase "Silent Majority," and helped shape the strategy that drew millions of Democrats to Nixon. In a 1972 memo, he suggested the White House "should move to re-capture the anti-Establishment tradition or theme in American politics."<ref name="BuchananInc">Template:Cite news</ref> His daily assignments included developing political strategy, publishing the President's Daily News Summary, and preparing briefing books for news conferences. He accompanied Nixon on his trip to China in 1972 and the summit in Moscow, Yalta and Minsk in 1974. He suggested that Nixon label Democratic opponent George McGovern an extremist and burn the White House tapes.<ref name="Greatrighthope">Template:Cite news</ref> Buchanan later argued that Nixon would have survived the Watergate scandal with his reputation intact if he had burnt the tapes.<ref>Graff, Garrett M. (2022). Watergate: A New History (1 ed.). New York: Avid Reader Press. p. 456. Template:ISBN. Template:OCLC.</ref>

Buchanan remained as a special assistant to Nixon through the final days of the Watergate scandal. He was not accused of wrongdoing, though some mistakenly suspected him of being Deep Throat. In 2005 when the actual identity of the press leak was revealed as Federal Bureau of Investigation Associate Director Mark Felt, Buchanan called him "sneaky," "dishonest" and "criminal."<ref name="Feltnohero">Template:Cite news</ref> Because of his role in the Nixon campaign's "attack group," Buchanan appeared before the Senate Watergate Committee on September 26, 1973. He told the panel: "The mandate that the American people gave to this president and his administration cannot, and will not, be frustrated or repealed or overthrown as a consequence of the incumbent tragedy".<ref name="Greatrighthope" />

When Nixon resigned in 1974, Buchanan briefly stayed on as special assistant under incoming President Gerald Ford. Chief of Staff Alexander Haig offered Buchanan his choice of three open ambassador posts, including South Africa, for which Buchanan opted. President Ford initially signed off on the appointment, but then rescinded it after it was prematurely reported in the Evans-Novak Political Report and caused controversy, especially among the U.S. diplomatic corps.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Buchanan remarked about Watergate: "The lost opportunity to move against the political forces frustrating the expressed national will ... To effect a political counterrevolution in the capital— ... there is no substitute for a principled and dedicated man of the Right in the Oval Office".<ref name="Greatrighthope" />

Long after his resignation, Nixon called Buchanan a confidant and said he was neither a racist nor an antisemite nor a bigot or "hater," but a "decent, patriotic American." Nixon said Buchanan had "some strong views," such as his "isolationist" foreign policy, with which he disagreed. While Nixon did not think Buchanan should become president, he said the commentator "should be heard."<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref> However, according to a memo President Nixon sent to John Ehrlichman in 1970, Nixon characterized Buchanan's attitude towards integration as "segregation forever."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Following Nixon's re-election in 1972, Buchanan himself had written in a memo to Nixon suggesting he should not "fritter away his present high support in the nation for an ill-advised governmental effort to forcibly integrate races."<ref name="SalonTapper">Template:Cite news</ref>

News commentatorEdit

File:Bush Contact Sheet P08010 (cropped).jpg
Buchanan greeting President George H. W. Bush in 1989

Buchanan returned to his column and began regular appearances as a broadcast host and political commentator. He co-hosted a three-hour daily radio show with liberal columnist Tom Braden called the Buchanan-Braden Program. He delivered daily commentaries on NBC radio from 1978 to 1984. Buchanan started his TV career as a regular on The McLaughlin Group and CNN's Crossfire (inspired by Buchanan-Braden) and The Capital Gang, making him nationally recognizable. His several stints on Crossfire occurred between 1982 and 1999; his sparring partners included Braden, Michael Kinsley, Geraldine Ferraro, and Bill Press.

Buchanan was a regular panelist on The McLaughlin Group. He appeared most Sundays alongside John McLaughlin and the more liberal Newsweek journalist Eleanor Clift. His columns are syndicated nationally by Creators Syndicate.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Reagan White HouseEdit

File:Pat Buchanan 1985b (cropped).jpg
Buchanan in 1985

Buchanan served as White House Communications Director from February 1985 to March 1987.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In a speech to the National Religious Broadcasters in 1986, Buchanan said of the Reagan administration: "Whether President Reagan has charted a new course that will set our compass for decadesTemplate:Mdashor whether history will see him as the conservative interruption in a process of inexorable national declineTemplate:Mdashis yet to be determined".<ref name="Greatrighthope" />

A year later, he remarked that "the greatest vacuum in American politics is to the right of Ronald Reagan."<ref name="Greatrighthope" /> While her brother was working for Reagan, Bay Buchanan started a "Buchanan for President" movement in June 1986. She said the conservative movement needed a leader, but Buchanan was initially ambivalent.<ref name="Greatrighthope" /> After leaving the White House, he returned to his column and Crossfire. Out of respect for Jack Kemp he sat out the 1988 race, although Kemp later became his adversary.<ref name="BuchananInc" />

Political campaignsEdit

1992 presidential primariesEdit

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File:Patbuchanan.gif
Logo used for Buchanan's 1992 and 1996 campaigns
File:Conservative politician Pat Buchanan at the Capitol in Tallahassee, Florida.jpg
Buchanan at the Florida State Capitol in 1992

Buchanan was highly critical of the foreign and economic policies of the George H.W. Bush administration, particularly Bush's breaking of his 1988 "Read my lips: no new taxes" pledge.<ref name="NYT 92 reflection">Template:Cite news</ref> In 1990, Buchanan published a newsletter called Patrick J. Buchanan: From the Right; it sent subscribers a bumper sticker reading: "Read Our Lips! No new taxes."<ref name="1990 sticker">Template:Citation</ref> In the 1992 Republican Party presidential primaries, Buchanan challenged Bush in his bid for re-nomination by the Republican Party, launching his campaign in December 1991.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Buchanan failed to win any primaries, but finished a strong second in the New Hampshire primary and was regarded as forcing Bush to walk back his economic policies.<ref name="NYT 92 reflection" /><ref name="Trib2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Buchanan campaign ran a number of radio and TV spots criticizing Bush's policies; in one, Buchanan accused Bush of being a "trade wimp", while another attacked him for presiding over the National Endowment of the Arts, which he said "invested our tax dollars in pornographic and blasphemous art too shocking to show."<ref name="Tongues1">Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1992, Buchanan explained his reasons for challenging the incumbent, President George H. W. Bush:

<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />

If the country wants to go in a liberal direction, if the country wants to go in the direction of [Democrats] George Mitchell and Tom Foley, it doesn't bother me as long as I've made the best case I can. What I can't stand are the back-room deals. They're all in on it, the insider game, the establishment gameTemplate:Mdashthis is what we're running against.<ref name="WaPo-Ironfist" />{{#if:|{{#if:|}}

— {{#if:|, in }}Template:Comma separated entries

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He ran on a platform of immigration reduction and social conservatism, including opposition to multiculturalism, abortion, and gay rights. Buchanan challenged Bush (whose popularity was waning) when he won 38% of the New Hampshire primary. In the primary elections, Buchanan garnered three million total votes or 23% of the vote.

Buchanan later threw his support behind Bush and delivered an address at the 1992 Republican National Convention, which became known as the culture war speech, in which he described "a religious war going on in our country for the soul of America."<ref>Template:Citation</ref> In the speech, he said of Bill and Hillary Clinton:

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The agenda Clinton & Clinton would impose on AmericaTemplate:Mdashabortion on demand, a litmus test for the Supreme Court, homosexual rights, discrimination against religious schools, women in combat unitsTemplate:Mdashthat's change, all right. But it is not the kind of change America needs. It is not the kind of change America wants. And it is not the kind of change we can abide in a nation we still call God's country.<ref name="Culturewarspeech">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>{{#if:|{{#if:|}}

— {{#if:|, in }}Template:Comma separated entries

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Buchanan also said, in reference to the then recently held 1992 Democratic National Convention, "Like many of you last month, I watched that giant masquerade ball at Madison Square Garden—where 20,000 radicals and liberals came dressed up as moderates and centrists—in the greatest single exhibition of cross-dressing in American political history."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The contents of Buchanan's speech prompted his detractors to claim that the speech alienated moderate voters from the Bush-Quayle ticket.<ref name="CBS-BacksBush">Template:Cite news</ref> The newspaper columnist Molly Ivins wrote: "Many people did not care for Pat Buchanan's speech; it probably sounded better in the original German."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Off the campaign trailEdit

Buchanan returned to his column and Crossfire. To promote the principles of federalism, traditional values, and anti-intervention, he founded The American Cause, a conservative educational foundation, in 1993. Bay Buchanan serves as the Vienna, VA-based foundation's president and Pat is its chairman.<ref name="AboutAmericanCause">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Buchanan returned to radio as host of Buchanan and Company, a three-hour talk show for Mutual Broadcasting System on July 5, 1993. It pitted him against liberal co-hosts, including Barry Lynn, Bob Beckel, and Chris Matthews, in a time slot opposite Rush Limbaugh's show. To launch his 1996 campaign, Buchanan left the program on March 20, 1995.

1996 presidential primariesEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Buchanan ran for the Republican nomination again in 1996. He was endorsed by conservative Phyllis Schlafly, and others.

In February, the liberal Center for Public Integrity issued a report claiming Buchanan's presidential campaign co-chairman, Larry Pratt, appeared at two meetings organized by white supremacist and militia leaders. Pratt denied any tie to racism, calling the report an orchestrated smear before the New Hampshire primary. Buchanan told the conservative Manchester Union Leader he believed Pratt. Pratt took a leave of absence "to answer these charges," "so as not to have distraction in the campaign."<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

In the February New Hampshire primary, Buchanan defeated front-runner Bob Dole by about 3,000 votes. Buchanan won three other states (Alaska, Missouri, and Louisiana), and finished only slightly behind Dole in the Iowa caucus. His insurgent campaign used his soaring rhetoric to mobilize grass-roots right-wing opinion against what he saw as the bland Washington establishment (personified by Dole) which he believed had controlled the party for years. At a rally later in Nashua, he said:

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We shocked them in Alaska. Stunned them in Louisiana. Stunned them in Iowa. They are in a terminal panic. They hear the shouts of the peasants from over the hill. All the knights and barons will be riding into the castle pulling up the drawbridge in a minute. All the peasants are coming with pitchforks. We're going to take this over the top.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>{{#if:|{{#if:|}}

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Template:External media In the Super Tuesday primaries Dole defeated Buchanan by large margins. Having collected only 21%, or 3.1 million, of the total votes in Republican primaries, Buchanan suspended his campaign in March. He declared that, if Dole were to choose a pro-choice running mate, he would run as the US Taxpayers Party (now Constitution Party) candidate.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Dole chose Jack Kemp, and he received Buchanan's endorsement. After the 1996 campaign, Buchanan returned to his column and Crossfire. He also began a series of books with 1998's The Great Betrayal.

2000 presidential campaignEdit

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File:Buchanan Reform 2000.svg
The logo used by Buchanan and the Reform Party in the 2000 presidential election

Buchanan announced his departure from the Republican Party in October 1999, disparaging them (along with the Democrats) as a "beltway party." He sought the nomination of the Reform Party. Many reformers backed Iowa physicist John Hagelin, whose platform was based on Transcendental Meditation. Party founder Ross Perot did not endorse either candidate for the Reform Party's nomination. (In late October 2000, Perot publicly endorsed George W. Bush, but Perot's 1996 running-mate, Pat Choate, would go on to endorse Buchanan.)

Supporters of Hagelin charged the results of the party's open primary, which favored Buchanan by a wide margin, were "tainted." The Reform Party divisions led to dual conventions being held simultaneously in separate areas of the Long Beach Convention Center complex. Both conventions' delegates ignored the primary ballots and voted to nominate their presidential candidates from the floor, similar to the Democratic and Republican conventions. One convention nominated Buchanan while the other backed Hagelin, with each camp claiming to be the legitimate Reform Party.

Ultimately, when the Federal Elections Commission ruled Buchanan was to receive ballot status as the Reform candidate, as well as about $12.6 million in federal campaign funds secured by Perot's showing in the 1996 election, Buchanan won the nomination. In his acceptance speech, Buchanan proposed US withdrawal from the United Nations and expelling the United Nations Headquarters from New York, abolishing the Internal Revenue Service, Department of Education, Department of Energy, Department of Housing and Urban Development, taxes on inheritance and capital gains, and affirmative action programs.

As his running mate, Buchanan chose Ezola B. Foster, an African American activist and retired teacher from Los Angeles. Buchanan was supported in this election run by future Socialist Party USA presidential candidate Brian Moore, who said in 2008 he supported Buchanan in 2000 because "he was for fair trade over free trade. He had some progressive positions that I thought would be helpful to the common man."<ref name="indy weekly">Template:Cite news</ref> On August 19, the New York Right to Life Party, in convention, chose Buchanan as their nominee, with 90% of the districts voting for him.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

In a campaign speech at Bob Jones University in Greenville, South Carolina, Buchanan attempted to rally his conservative base:

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God and the Ten Commandments have all been expelled from the public schools. Christmas carols are out. Christmas holidays are out. The latest decision of the United States Supreme Court said that children in stadiums or young people in high school games are not to speak an inspirational moment for fear they may mention God's name, and offend an atheist in the grandstand ...

We may not succeed, but I believe we need a new fighting conservative traditionalist party in America. I believe, and I hope that one day we can take America back. That is why we are building this Gideon's army and heading for Armageddon, to do battle for the Lord.<ref>Quoted in Timothy Stanley, The Crusader: The Life and Tumultuous Times of Pat Buchanan (New York City: St. Martin's Press, 2012), pp. 350–351; Template:ISBN</ref>{{#if:|{{#if:|}}

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In the 2000 presidential election, Buchanan finished fourth with 449,895 votes, 0.4% of the popular vote. (Hagelin garnered 0.1% as the Natural Law Party candidate.) In Palm Beach County, Florida, Buchanan received 3,407 votesTemplate:Mdashwhich some saw as inconsistent with Palm Beach County's liberal leanings, its large Jewish population and his showing in the rest of the state. Bush spokesman Ari Fleischer stated, "Palm Beach county is a Pat Buchanan stronghold and that's why Pat Buchanan received 3,407 votes there." Reform Party officials strongly disagreed, estimating the number of supporters in the county at between 400 and 500. Appearing on The Today Show, Buchanan said: "When I took one look at that ballot on Election Night ... it's very easy for me to see how someone could have voted for me in the belief they voted for Al Gore".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Palm Beach County's butterfly ballot is credited with misdirecting over 2,000 votes from Al Gore to Pat Buchanan, tipping Florida — and the 2000 U.S. presidential election — to George W. Bush.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Some observers said his campaign was aimed at spreading his message beyond his white conservative and populist base, while his views had not changed.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Later presidential electionsEdit

Following the 2000 election, Reform Party members urged Buchanan to take an active role within the party. Buchanan declined, though he did attend their 2001 convention. In the next few years, he identified himself as a political independent, choosing not to align himself with what he viewed as the neo-conservative Republican party leadership. Prior to the 2004 election, Buchanan announced he once again identified himself as a Republican, declared that he had no interest in ever running for president again, and reluctantly endorsed Bush's 2004 reelection, writing: "Bush is right on taxes, judges, sovereignty, and values. Kerry is right on nothing".<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

Buchanan also endorsed Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney in 2012, stating in an article that "Obama offers more of the stalemate America has gone through for the past two years" while "Romney alone offers a possibility of hope and change."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Buchanan supported the nomination of Donald Trump, who ran on many of the same positions that Buchanan ran on twenty years prior, as Republican presidential candidate for the 2016 presidential election.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Later media activitiesEdit

MSNBC commentatorEdit

File:Buchananinterview.JPG
Buchanan being interviewed in 2008

While CNN decided not to take him back, Buchanan's column resumed.<ref name="Wapo-050106">Template:Cite news</ref> A longer variation of the Crossfire format was aired by MSNBC as Buchanan & Press on July 15, 2002, reuniting Buchanan and Press. Billed as "the smartest hour on television", Buchanan and Press featured the duo interviewing guests and sparring about the top news stories. As the Iraq War loomed, Buchanan and Press toned down their rivalry, as they both opposed the invasion.<ref name=Bloom>Bloom, Jordan (June 6, 2012) When News Is Propaganda Template:Webarchive The American Conservative.</ref> Press claims they were the first cable hosts to discuss the planned attack.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> MSNBC Editor-in-Chief Jerry Nachman once jokingly lamented this unusual situation:

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So the point is why does only Fox [News Channel] get this? At least, we work at the perfect place, the place that's fiercely independent. We try to have balance by putting you two guys together and then this Stockholm syndrome love fest set in between the two of you, and we no longer even have robust debate.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>{{#if:|{{#if:|}}

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Just hours after his talk show debuted, Buchanan was a guest on the premiere of MSNBC's short-lived Donahue program. Host Phil Donahue and Buchanan debated the separation of church and state. Buchanan called Donahue "dictatorial"<ref>Template:Citation</ref> and said that the host got his job through affirmative action.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

MSNBC President Eric Sorenson canceled Buchanan & Press on November 26, 2003.<ref name=Bloom/> Buchanan stayed at MSNBC as a political analyst. He regularly appeared on the network's talk shows. He occasionally filled in on the nightly show Scarborough Country during its run on MSNBC. Buchanan also was a frequent guest and co-host of Morning Joe as well as Hardball and The Rachel Maddow Show.

In September 2009, Buchanan wrote an MSNBC opinion column arguing that Adolf Hitler did not want war and the Allied powers' actions were unnecessary. The article was removed from the website after MSNBC was urged to do so in a public statement by the National Jewish Democratic Council.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Buchanan had used the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the German invasion of Poland to argue that the United Kingdom should not have declared war on Nazi Germany.<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This revived charges of antisemitism and helping to legitimize Holocaust denial.

In October 2011, Buchanan was indefinitely suspended from MSNBC as a contributor after the publication of his book Suicide of a Superpower. One of the book's chapters is titled, "The End of White America."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The minority advocacy group Color of Change had urged MSNBC to fire him over alleged racial slurs.<ref name="20120117_suspension">Associated Press, January 7, 2012, MSNBC chief says he hasn't decided whether commentator Pat Buchanan will return to network Template:Webarchive, hosted The Washington Post, accessed January 7, 2012.</ref> It was announced on February 16, 2012, that MSNBC's connection with Buchanan had ended.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The American Conservative magazineEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In 2002, Buchanan partnered with former New York Post editorial page editor Scott McConnell and journalist Taki Theodoracopulos to found The American Conservative, a new magazine intended to promote traditional conservative viewpoints on economic, immigration and foreign policies. The first issue was dated October 7, 2002.

VDAREEdit

From 2006 until his retirement in 2023,<ref name="VDare"/> Buchanan had been a frequent contributor to VDARE, a far-right website and blog founded by anti-immigration activist and paleo-conservative Peter Brimelow. VDARE is considered a white nationalist news source by the Southern Poverty Law Center.<ref name="splcenter.org"/><ref name="VDare"/>

ControversiesEdit

Antisemitism allegationsEdit

In December 1991, a 40,000-word article by William F. Buckley Jr. was published in the National Review discussing antisemitism among conservative commentators focused largely on Buchanan; the article and many responses to it were collected in the book In Search of Anti-Semitism (1992). He wrote: "I find it impossible to defend Pat Buchanan against the charge that what he did and said during the period under examination amounted to anti-Semitism",<ref name="Newsweek1991" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> but concluded: "If you ask, do I think Pat Buchanan is an anti-Semite, my answer is he is not one. But I think he's said some anti-Semitic things."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The Anti-Defamation League has described Buchanan as an "unrepentant bigot" who "repeatedly demonizes Jews and minorities and openly affiliates with white supremacists."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In an article for The Washington Post in March 1992, conservative columnist Charles Krauthammer suggested: "The real problem with Buchanan ... is not that his instincts are antisemitic but that they are, in various and distinct ways, fascistic."<ref name="WaPo19920301">Template:Cite news</ref> "There's no doubt," said Krauthammer in 1999 when contacted for a Salon article, "he makes subliminal appeals to prejudice." He added: "The interesting thing is how he can say these things and still be considered a national figure."<ref name="SalonTapper" /> Buchanan denies assertions that he is an antisemite, and some of his fellow journalists, including Murray Rothbard,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Jack Germond, Al Hunt and Mark Shields, have defended him against the charge.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Nazi war criminalsEdit

Around 1982,<ref name="WaPo19900920">Template:Cite news</ref> Buchanan began to defend Cleveland auto-worker John Demjanjuk against the charge that Demjanjuk was a Nazi war criminal nicknamed "Ivan the Terrible" responsible for the mass murder of Jews at Treblinka. In 1986, while he was a senior figure in the Reagan administration, he was highly critical of the charges brought by the Office of Special Investigations (OSI), the Nazi war crimes unit of the Justice Department. He claimed Demjanjuk was the victim of mistaken identity and possibly the victim of a deliberate frame-up by the Soviet Union.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The following year, while still a member of the administration, he made unofficial attempts to stop the deportation of suspected Nazi war criminals from the Eastern Bloc, including Estonian Karl Linnas as well as Demjanjuk.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Menachem Z. Rosensaft, in a New York Times op-ed, described Buchanan's "oft-expressed sympathy for a host of Nazi criminals" like Linnas as being "a constitutionally protected perversion."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Buchanan referred to such cases as being pursued by "revenge-obsessed Nazi hunters" in 1987.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> As a member of the Reagan White House, he was accused of having suppressed the Reagan Justice Department's investigation into Nazi scientists brought to America by the OSS's Operation Paperclip.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1990, Allan Ryan Jr., a former head of the OSI said Buchanan's accusation of KGB involvement in the Demjanjuk case was "an absolutely cockamamie theory." Ryan accused Buchanan of being "the spokesman for Nazi war criminals in America." Neal Sher, OSI head in 1990 said Buchanan had never contacted them, even when he was a government official. "He essentially took what was fed him by our opponents, sometimes Holocaust-deniers, and just regurgitated it," Sher told The Washington Post.<ref name="WaPo19900920" /> In 1993, however, the Supreme Court of Israel overturned Demjanjuk's war crimes conviction and sentence of death by hanging as a miscarriage of justice based on mistaken identity. Demjanjuk then returned to the United States to fight the revocation of his American citizenship.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Following an elderly Demjanjuk's re-arrest and extradition to the Federal Republic of Germany in 2009,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Menachem Z. Rosensaft in The Times of Israel and Jeffrey Goldberg in The Atlantic, objected to an outraged Buchanan again accusing the case of being a frame-up and comparing Demjanjuk to Jesus Christ and calling him an "American Dreyfuss.Template:Sic" This was alleged by Goldberg as an example of the libel that the Jews as a whole killed Christ.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Describing Buchanan's comparison as "strikingly offensive" and an attempt to "revive the charge of blood libel" against Jews, Peter Wehner wrote in Commentary magazine: "Rarely do you find such an obscene mix of blasphemy and bigotry, and all in less than 900 words."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Demjanjuk was later convicted of being an accessory to the murder of 28,000 Jewish prisoners at the Sobibor extermination camp. Demjanjuk died in 2012, while the verdict had been overturned and was pending appeal.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Bitburg visit by President ReaganEdit

Buchanan supported President Reagan's plan to visit a German military cemetery at Bitburg in 1985, where among buried Wehrmacht soldiers were the graves of 48 Waffen SS members. At the insistence of German Chancellor Helmut Kohl and over the vocal objections of Jewish groups, the trip went ahead.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In a 1992 interview, Elie Wiesel described attending a White House meeting of Jewish leaders about the trip: "The only one really defending the trip was Pat Buchanan, saying, 'We cannot give the perception of the President being subjected to Jewish pressure.'"<ref name="WashingtonPost-1992">Template:Cite news</ref> Buchanan accused Wiesel of fabricating the story in an ABC interview in 1992: "I didn't say it and Elie Wiesel wasn't even in the meeting ... That meeting was held three weeks before the Bitburg summit was held. If I had said that, it would have been out of there within hours and on the news."<ref>As quoted by Crossfire on CNN (February 24, 1992). Transcript No. 514.</ref>

Comments on the HolocaustEdit

In a 1990 column for the New York Post, Buchanan wrote that it was impossible for 850,000 Jews to be killed by diesel exhaust fed into the gas chamber at Treblinka in a return to his interest in the Demjanjuk case. "Diesel engines do not emit enough carbon monoxide to kill anybody," he wrote. The Washington Post cited experts to the effect that there is more than sufficient carbon monoxide present in the fumes to speedily asphyxiate victims, causing their death.<ref name="WaPo19900920" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Buchanan once argued Treblinka "was not a death camp but a transit camp used as a 'pass-through point' for prisoners". In fact, historians have estimated that some 900,000 Jews were murdered at Treblinka.<ref>Lichtblau, Eric, (2015) The Nazis Next Door, How America Became a Save Haven for Hitler's Men, p. 194, Published by Houghton, Mifflin, Harcourt, Boston.</ref> When George Will challenged him on the issue on TV in December 1991, Buchanan did not reply.<ref name="Newsweek1991">Template:Cite news</ref>

Comments about IsraelEdit

In the context of the Gulf War, on August 26, 1990, Buchanan appeared on The McLaughlin Group and said: "there are only two groups that are beating the drums for war in the Middle East – the Israeli defense ministry and its 'amen corner' in the United States." Buchanan on The McLaughlin Group on June 15, 1990, asserted: "Capitol Hill is Israeli occupied territory".<ref name="ADLprofile">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He also said in the August 1990 program: "The Israelis want this war desperately because they want the United States to destroy the Iraqi war machine. They want us to finish them off. They don't care about our relations with the Arab world."<ref name="JTA19900831">Template:Cite news</ref> A. M. Rosenthal, in an article for The New York Times explicitly accused Buchanan of antisemitism on the grounds that he had used the word "Israelis" as a cover for Jews.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Abraham Foxman, the director of the ADL, compared Buchanan's comments to insinuations made during the Second World War "that Jews were the only ones who sought American entry in the war against Nazi Germany".<ref name="JTA19900831" />

Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel in September 1990 said Buchanan "leaves the memory of Jewish victims in such disdain; a man who always takes the side of those accused of being killers; a man who is constantly criticizing Israel; a man who always has something nasty to say about the Jewish people".<ref name="WaPo19900920" />

Central Park jogger caseEdit

In a 1989 column, Buchanan called for the public hanging in Central Park of a 16-year-old black teenager and the horsewhipping of four other younger African American and Hispanic teenagers for allegedly raping a white jogger in the Central Park Five case.<ref name="NYT20190530">Template:Cite news</ref> He also called for the civilizing of "barbarians" by putting the "fear of death" in them. Robert C. Smith, professor of political science at San Francisco State University, characterized the column as racist.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The five teenagers were convicted, but their charges were later withdrawn, when in 2002 a man said he acted alone and DNA testing affirmed his guilt.<ref name="NYT20190530" /> All sentences of the Central Park Five were vacated that same year, 13 years after Buchanan called for the public hanging and horsewhipping.<ref name="NYT20190530" />

Personal lifeEdit

File:Shelley Scarney Pat Buchanon wife.jpg
Buchanan's wife Shelley in 1996

Buchanan married White House staffer Shelley Ann Scarney in 1971.<ref name="Creatorsabout">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> They had a tabby cat named Gipper, who reportedly would sit on Buchanan's lap during staff meetings.<ref name="Info Please">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Buchanan identifies as a traditionalist Catholic who attends Mass in the extraordinary form of the Roman Rite,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and strongly defended Summorum Pontificum.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Electoral historyEdit

File:Pat Buchanan.jpg
Conservative commentator, presidential advisor, and three-time presidential candidate Pat Buchanan

In 1992, never before having sought elected office, Buchanan challenged incumbent president George H. W. Bush for the Republican Party presidential nomination. Buchanan lost each contest, but received nearly 40 percent of the vote in the New Hampshire primary and ultimately received about 23 percent of the primary vote.<ref name="GOP1992" /> He again sought the GOP presidential nomination in 1996, winning three contests and garnering almost 21 percent of the vote; Kansas Senator Bob Dole ultimately won the party's nomination.<ref name="GOP1996" />

Buchanan left the Republican Party in 1999 and joined the Reform Party, founded by two-time independent presidential candidate Ross Perot. He received more than 25 percent of the popular vote in the primary, then secured the nomination at the convention, selecting conservative activist Ezola Foster for his running mate.<ref name="Reform primaries" /><ref name="Reform Convention" /> The Buchanan-Foster ticket received the fourth-most popular votes in the 2000 United States presidential election, though failing to secure any votes in the Electoral College.

Presidential primaries (1992)Edit

File:Conservative politician Pat Buchanan at the Capitol in Tallahassee, Florida.jpg
Buchanan, campaigning in Tallahassee, Florida, for the 1992 Republican Party presidential nomination

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Presidential primaries (1996)Edit

File:Buchanan 96 Conservative of the Heart.jpg
A sticker promoting Buchanan's 1996 primary campaign for president
File:1996RepublicanPresidentialPrimaries.svg
Gold denotes a state won by Pat Buchanan. Green denotes a state won by Steve Forbes. Purple denotes a state won by Bob Dole. Grey denotes a territory that did not hold a primary.

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Popular voteEdit

Won in Alaska, Louisiana, Missouri, and New Hampshire

Delegate countEdit

  • Bob Dole - 1928
  • Pat Buchanan - 47
  • Steve Forbes - 2
  • Alan Keyes - 1
  • Robert Bork - 1

Presidential primaries (2000)Edit

Popular voteEdit

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DelegatesEdit

2000 United States presidential electionEdit

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PublicationsEdit

Template:External media

BooksEdit

Major speechesEdit

Selected articlesEdit

InterviewsEdit

In popular cultureEdit

See alsoEdit

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ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

Further readingEdit

  • Andryszewski, Tricia. The Reform Party: Ross Perot and Pat Buchanan (2000) online
  • Davis, Mark. "'Culture Is Inseparable from Race': Culture Wars from Pat Buchanan to Milo Yiannopoulos." M/C Journal 21.5 (2018). online
  • Lowndes, Joseph. "Populism and race in the United States from George Wallace to Donald Trump." in Routledge handbook of global populism (Routledge, 2018) pp. 190–200.
  • Shapiro, Edward S. "Pat Buchanan and the Jews." Judaism: A Quarterly Journal of Jewish Life and Thought 45.2 (1996): 226-235. online
  • Stanley, Timothy. The crusader: The life and tumultuous times of Pat Buchanan (Macmillan, 2012). online

External linksEdit

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ArchivesEdit

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