Persian name
Template:Short description A Persian name, or an Iranian name, consists of a given name (Persian: نام Nâm), sometimes more than one, and a surname (نام خانوادگی).
Given namesEdit
Template:See also Since the Muslim conquest of Persia, some names in Iran have been derived from Arabic, although the majority are Persian in origin. Persian Christians have Arabic names indistinguishable from their Muslim neighbors. They can also use Arabic derivations of Christian names (such as saints' names), or Greek, Neo-Aramaic, or Armenian names, as most Christian Iranians are Iranian Armenians, although there are also Iranian Assyrians and Iranian Georgians.
Many Persian names originate from the Persian literature book, the Shahnameh or "Epic of Kings". It was composed in the 10th century by Ferdowsi and is considered by many the masterpiece of Persian literature. Approximately 10%-15% of all Persian names are from Shahnameh. A few examples are Abtin, Amad, Ardeshir, Armeen, Arjang, Babak, Barzin, Bijan, Bozorgmehr, Dana (Zana), Darab, Dariush, Esfandiar, Javid, Faramarz, Farhad, Fariborz, Farshid and Sam.
Last namesEdit
Template:See also Before 1919, the Iranian people did not use surnames. An act of the Vosugh od-Dowleh government in 1919 introduced the use of surnames,<ref>احمد کسروی، تاریخ 18 سالۀ آذربایجان</ref> and the practice expanded during the reign of Reza Shah (r. 1925–1941). Reza Shah passed a law making it mandatory to have surnames. He himself chose Pahlavi as his surname, a name with Sasanian era roots. Prior to that, a person was often told apart from others by a combination of prefixes and suffixes attached to his or her name. If it was omitted, that person might be taken for someone else.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Since the adoption of surnames, Ahmadi has become the most popular surname in Iran.<ref>Surnames Found in Iran</ref>
Many Iranian families adopted surnames derived from occupations, titles, or social roles.<ref>Megerdoomian, K. (2008, February). The Structure of Persian Names (MITRE Technical Report No. MP080034). MITRE Corporation. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?doi=51fb6fcef42d4a9751b81c88acad65e052fe1d47</ref> For example, the surname Moazenzadeh (literally “descendant of a muezzin”) reflects this tradition, and is notably borne by Salim and Rahim Moazenzadeh Ardabili, both sons of Abdul Karim Moazzen Zadeh Ardabili and celebrated Iranian Quran reciters and muezzins.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In many cases people were known by the name of the district, city, town, or even the village from which they came by using the locality's name as a suffix, for example: Nuri, Khorasani, Mazandarani, Kordestani, Tehrani, Esfahani, Gilani, Hamedani, Ardabili, and Shirazi. The same rule is followed for the many millions of Iranians who have surnames of regions or cities of the Caucasus region. The latter was forcefully ceded in the course of the 19th century to Imperial Russia through the Treaty of Gulistan (1813) and Treaty of Turkmenchay (1828). Examples of common Iranian surnames in this regard are Daghestani, Qarabaghi, Darbandi, Shirvani, Iravani, Nakhjevani, Lankarani.
Among many other secularisation and modernisation reforms, surnames were enforced by Reza Shah, following similar contemporary patterns in Turkey under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, and later in Egypt under Gamal Abdel Nasser.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Most common namesEdit
Note: Some of the names below are of Middle Persian origin
Common male given namesEdit
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- Template:Hlist, etymologically from the same root as "Farzaneh".
Common female given namesEdit
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- Parastu (Parastoo) • Parisa • Parmys • Parvin • Pakhshan • Pegah • Peymaneh • Pooneh • Poopak
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Common surnamesEdit
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Name terminologyEdit
HonorificsEdit
Most of these refer to Muslim titles or roles in branches of Shia Islam
- Aga Khan, hereditary title of the Imam of the Nizari branch of Isma'ilism. As a suffix, it indicates his children, grandchildren, or great-grandchildren.
- Mullah, Muslim cleric. The title has also been used in some Jewish communities to refer to the community's leadership, especially religious leadership.
- Agha (title), Sir, mister. It is a general term of respect.
- Ayatollah, high-ranking title given to Twelver Shiʻi clerics.
- Dervish, a mystic or a spiritual guru in Sufism.
- Khan (title), served at one time as a title for an honored person.
- Ostad, a master craftsperson, lecturer or a person who is the master of a profession.
- Sayyid and sharif, honorific titles that given to men accepted as descendants of Muhammad.
- Shah, "king", short for Shahanshah, "King of kings", meaning emperor
- Seghatoleslam, is an honorific title within the Twelver Shia clergy. Seghatoleslam designates narrators whose justice and trustworthiness have been explicitly verified.
PrefixesEdit
- Hajji, one who had made the Hajj to Mecca.
- Jenaab, sir, excellency.
- Karbala'i, one who has made the pilgrimage to Karbala
- Mashhadi, one who has made the pilgrimage to Mashhad, often shortened to Mashti, or Mash.
- Mir, generally indicates the person is a sayyid(a) or is of royal descent.
SuffixesEdit
- -i, the most common suffix used for Persian surnames. They are, in fact, adjectives created by the adding suffix "-i" to person names, location names or other names. Surnames with "-i" are also popular in other countries of historic Greater Persia and neighboring countries like in the Caucasus, Pakistan, Turkey, Iraq, and Central Asia.
- -ian, like the above case, but with the addition of the plural suffix "-an", common among Iranians and Armenians. Examples are Shaheenian (Persian) and Sargsyan (Armenian).
- -an, similar to English "-s" in "Roberts".
- -pour, "descendant of an Army official (Title)".
- -zadeh, "descendant of".
- -nezhad, -nejad, " of race/clan (Title)".
- -nia, "His/Her highness (Title)".
- -far, "the light of", see Farr-e Kiyani (Faravahar)
- -bakhsh, "granted by".
- -dad (Old Persian dāta), "given by".
- -ollah, ("of God").
- -loo, "from".