Philip Barton Key II

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}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#if:||{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox officeholder with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| regexp1 = 1blankname[%d]* | regexp2 = 1namedata[%d]* | regexp3 = 2blankname[%d]* | regexp4 = 2namedata[%d]* | regexp5 = 3blankname[%d]* | regexp6 = 3namedata[%d]* | regexp7 = 4blankname[%d]* | regexp8 = 4namedata[%d]* | regexp9 = 5blankname[%d]* | regexp10 = 5namedata[%d]* | allegiance | alma_mater | regexp11 = alongside[%d]* | alt | regexp12 = ambassador_from[%d]* | regexp13 = appointed[%d]* | regexp14 = appointer[%d]* | regexp15 = assembly[%d]* | awards | battles | battles_label | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | regexp16 = blank[%d]* | bodyclass | branch | branch_label | cabinet | candidate | caption | categories | regexp17 = chancellor[%d]* | children | citizenship | regexp18 = co%-leader[%d]* | commands | committees | regexp19 = constituency[%d]* | regexp20 = constituency_AM[%d]* | regexp21 = constituency_MP[%d]* | regexp22 = convocation[%d]* | regexp23 = country[%d]* | regexp24 = data[%d]* | date | death_cause | death_date | death_manner | death_place | demo | regexp25 = deputy[%d]* | regexp26 = district[%d]* | education | election_date | embed | father | regexp28 = firstminister[%d]* | footnotes | regexp29 = governor[%d]* | regexp30 = governor_general[%d]* | regexp31 = governor%-general[%d]* | height | honorific_prefix | honorific-prefix | honorific_suffix | honorific-suffix | image | image name | image_name_alt | image_size | imagesize | image_upright | incumbent | regexp32 = jr/sr[%d]* | regexp33 = jr/sr and state[%d]* | known_for | regexp34 = leader[%d]* | regexp35 = legislature[%d]* | regexp36 = lieutenant[%d]* | regexp37 = lieutenant_governor[%d]* | mainwidth | regexp38 = majority[%d]* | regexp39 = majority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp40 = majority_leader[%d]* | regexp41 = majorityleader[%d]* | mawards | regexp42 = military_blank[%d]* | regexp43 = military_data[%d]* | regexp44 = minister[%d]* | regexp45 = minister_from[%d]* | regexp46 = minority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp47 = minority_leader[%d]* | regexp48 = minorityleader[%d]* | regexp49 = module[%d]* | regexp50 = monarch[%d]* | mother | name | nationality | native_name | native_name_lang | nickname | nocat | regexp51 = nominator[%d]* | nominee | occupation | regexp52 = office[%d]* | opponent | regexp53 = order[%d]* | otherparty | parents | regexp54 = parliament[%d]* | regexp55 = parliamentarygroup[%d]* | partner | party | party_election | portfolio | regexp56 = preceded[%d]* | regexp57 = preceding[%d]* | regexp58 = predecessor[%d]* | regexp59 = premier[%d]* | regexp60 = president[%d]* | regexp61 = primeminister[%d]* | regexp62 = prior_term[%d]* | profession | pronunciation | rank | rank_label | relations | relatives | residence | resting_place | resting_place_coordinates | restingplace | restingplacecoordinates | regexp63 = riding[%d]* | runningmate | salary | serviceyears | serviceyears_label | signature | signature_alt | signature_size | smallimage | smallimage_alt | source | speaker | speaker_office | spouse | spouses | regexp64 = state[%d]* | regexp65 = state_assembly[%d]* | regexp66 = state_delegate[%d]* | regexp67 = state_house[%d]* | regexp68 = state_legislature[%d]* | regexp69 = state_senate[%d]* | regexp70 = status[%d]* | regexp71 = suboffice[%d]* | regexp72 = subterm[%d]* | regexp73 = succeeded[%d]* | regexp74 = succeeding[%d]* | regexp75 = successor[%d]* | regexp76 = taoiseach[%d]* | regexp77 = term[%d]* | regexp78 = term_end[%d]* | regexp79 = term_label[%d]* | regexp80 = term_start[%d]* | regexp81 = termend[%d]* | regexp82 = termlabel[%d]* | regexp83 = termstart[%d]* | regexp84 = title[%d]* | unit | unit_label | regexp85 = vicegovernor[%d]* | regexp86 = vicepremier[%d]* | regexp87 = vicepresident[%d]* | regexp88 = viceprimeminister[%d]* | regexp89 = assuming[%d]* | website | width | year }} Philip Barton Key II (April 5, 1818 – February 27, 1859)<ref name="Richardson">Richardson, Hester Dorsey. Side-Lights on Maryland History: With Sketches of Early Maryland Families. Baltimore, Md.: Williams and Wilkins company, 1913.</ref> was an American lawyer who served as U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia.<ref name="Gallagher" /> He is most famous for his public affair with Teresa Bagioli Sickles, and his eventual murder at the hands of her husband, Congressman Daniel Sickles of New York. Sickles defended himself by adopting a defense of temporary insanity, the first time the defense had been successfully used in the United States.<ref name="Gallagher">Gallagher, Gary W. Three Days at Gettysburg: Essays on Confederate and Union Leadership. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1999. Template:ISBN</ref><ref>Spiegel, Allen D. Murder and Madness: Military Matters and Managed Medicine: Memorable Milestones and Moments. Charleston, S.C.: Heritage Books, 2007. Template:ISBN; Wylie, Paul R. The Irish General: Thomas Francis Meagher. Stillwater, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 2007. Template:ISBN</ref>

BiographyEdit

File:Coat of Arms of Francis Scott Key.svg

Coat of Arms of Philip Barton Key II

Born in Georgetown, D.C., Key was the son of Francis Scott Key<ref name="Walther">Walther, Eric H. The Shattering of the Union: America in the 1850s. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004. Template:ISBN</ref><ref name="Flower" /> and the great-nephew of Philip Barton Key. He was also a nephew of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney.<ref name="Walther" /><ref name="Flower">Flower, Frank Abial. Edwin McMasters Stanton: The Autocrat of Rebellion, Emancipation, and Reconstruction. New York: W.W. Wilson, 1905.</ref> He married Ellen Swan, the daughter of a Baltimore attorney, on November 18, 1845.<ref name="Richardson" /> Allegedly the most handsome man in Washington<ref>Taylor, John M. William Henry Seward: Lincoln's Right Hand. New York: Brassey's, 1996. Template:ISBN</ref> and by 1859 a widower with four children, Key was known to be flirtatious with many women.<ref>Goode, James M. Capital Losses: A Cultural History of Washington's Destroyed Buildings. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981. Template:ISBN</ref>Template:Efn

File:Sickles homicide.jpg

Harper's Weekly engraving of Daniel Sickles shooting Key

Key was appointed to his father's former position, United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, by President Pierce in September 1853,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> during a recess of the Senate;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the Senate later confirmed his nomination in March 1854.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Four years later, he was nominated,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and confirmed again,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> for another four-year term; thus, he would serve until his death.

File:HarpersMagazineMrs.Sickles.jpg

Harper's Weekly engraving of Mrs. Sickles from a photograph of Mathew Brady

Sometime in the spring of 1858, Teresa Sickles began an affair with Key.<ref name="Gallagher" /> Dan Sickles, though a serial adulterer himself, had accused his much-younger wife of adultery several times during their five-year marriage, and she had repeatedly denied it to his satisfaction.<ref name="Walther" /> But then Sickles received a poison pen letter<ref>from assumption.edu Template:Webarchive "The stories told how Sickles had received an anonymous letter on Thursday, February 24th, informing him of his wife's relationship with Key."</ref> informing him of his wife's affair with Key.<ref>The anonymous letter was reproduced in Harper's: Letter image</ref><ref name="Gallagher" /><ref name="Walther" /> He confronted his wife, who confessed to the affair.<ref name="Gallagher" /> Sickles then made his wife write out her confession on paper.<ref name="Hartog">Hartog, Hendrik. Man and Wife in America: A History. Reprint ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002. Template:ISBN</ref>

DeathEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Sickles saw Key sitting on a bench outside the Sickles home on February 27, 1859, signalling to Teresa, and confronted him.<ref>Tagg, Larry. The Generals of Gettysburg. Campbell, Calif.: Savas Publishing, 1998. Template:ISBN. p. 62.</ref><ref name="Gallagher" /><ref name="Walther" /><ref name="Hartog" /> Sickles rushed outside into Lafayette Square, cried "Key, you scoundrel, you have dishonored my home; you must die",<ref>Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton: The Autocrat of Rebellion, Emancipation, and Reconstruction, 1905, p. 73.</ref> and with a pistol repeatedly shot the unarmed Key, who was pleading for his life.<ref name="Gallagher" /><ref name="Walther" /> After being shot, an unconscious Key was taken into the nearby Benjamin Ogle Tayloe House, where he died some time later.<ref name="Smith">Smith, Hal H. "Historic Washington Homes." Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington. 1908.</ref>

Sickles was acquitted based on temporary insanity, a crime of passion, in one of the most controversial trials of the 19th century.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It was the first successful use of the defense in the United States.<ref name = "BrandEx">"Crime History", The Washington Examiner, Feb. 27, 2012, p. 8.</ref> One of Sickles' attorneys, Edwin Stanton, later became the Secretary of War. Newspapers declared Sickles a hero for "saving" women from Key.<ref name = "BrandEx" /> Years later, while attending the theater in New York City, Sickles became aware of the presence of Key's son, James Key, in the audience; both men watched each other throughout the performance. Nothing else happened.<ref>Brandt, Nat. The Congressman Who Got Away With Murder. Syracuse, N.Y.: University of Syracuse Press, 1991. Template:ISBN. p. 213.</ref>

Key is buried in Oak Hill Cemetery, with a dedicatory in his son-in-law's family plot in Westminster Hall and Burying Ground in Baltimore.<ref>Murder of the U.S. Attorney</ref>

NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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One of Teresa's Sickles escorts was Philip Barton Key
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The Political Graveyard

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