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Piper PA-28 Cherokee

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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Use American English Template:Infobox aircraft

The Piper PA-28 Cherokee is a family of two-seat or four-seat light aircraft built by Piper Aircraft and designed for flight training, air taxi and personal use.<ref name="Plane and Pilot">Plane and Pilot: 1978 Aircraft Directory, pages 62–64. Werner & Werner Corp, Santa Monica CA, 1977. Template:ISBN</ref> The PA-28 family of aircraft comprises all-metal, unpressurized, single piston-engined airplanes with low mounted wings and tricycle landing gear. They have a single door on the right side, which is entered by stepping on the wing.<ref name="Plane and Pilot"/><ref name="Twombly">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The PA-28 is the fourth most produced aircraft in history. The first PA-28 received its type certificate from the Federal Aviation Administration in 1960 and the series remains in production to this day. The Archer was discontinued in 2009, but with investment from new company ownership, the model was put back into production in 2010.<ref name="PiperDiscontinuedAircraft">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="AvWeb27Jul09">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Archer TX">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> As of 2024, five models were in production; the Archer TX and LX, the diesel-powered Archer DX and DLX, and the Pilot 100i.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The PA-28 series competed with the now discontinued, similarly low-winged Grumman American AA-5 series and Beechcraft Musketeer designs and continues to compete with the high-winged Cessna 172.<ref name="Collins">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Piper has created variations within the Cherokee family by installing engines ranging from 140 to 300 hp (105–220 kW), offering turbocharging, retractable landing gear, constant-speed propellers and stretching the fuselage to accommodate six people. The Piper PA-32 (initially known as the "Cherokee Six") is a larger, six-seat variant of the PA-28. The PA-32R Saratoga variant was in production until 2009.<ref name="Plane and Pilot"/><ref name="Piper04">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

DevelopmentEdit

File:Piper warrior.jpg
The PA-28-161 Warrior II flying in the livery of the Singapore Youth Flying Club

At the time of the Cherokee's introduction, Piper's primary single-engined, all-metal aircraft was the Piper PA-24 Comanche, a larger, faster aircraft with retractable landing gear and a constant-speed propeller. Karl Bergey,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Fred Weick and John Thorp designed the Cherokee as a less expensive alternative to the Comanche, with lower manufacturing and parts costs to compete with the Cessna 172, although some later Cherokees also featured retractable gear and constant-speed propellers.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Cherokee and Comanche lines continued in parallel production, serving different market segments for over a decade, until Comanche production was ended in 1972, to be replaced by the Piper PA-32R family.<ref name="Plane and Pilot"/>

Original designEdit

The original Cherokees were the Cherokee Template:Cvt (PA-28-150 and PA-28-160), which started production in 1961 (unless otherwise mentioned, the model number always refers to horsepower).<ref name="Plane and Pilot"/>

In 1962, Piper added the Cherokee 180 (PA-28-180) powered by a Template:Cvt Lycoming O-360 engine. The extra power made it practical to fly with all four seats filled (depending on passenger weight and fuel loading) and the model remains popular on the used-airplane market.<ref name="Plane and Pilot"/> In 1968, the cockpit was modified to replace the "push-pull"-style engine throttle controls with quadrant levers. In addition, a third window was added to each side, giving the fuselage the more modern look seen in most recent production.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Piper continued to expand the line rapidly. In 1963, the company introduced the even more powerful Cherokee 235 (PA-28-235), which competed favorably with the Cessna 182 Skylane for load-carrying capability. The Cherokee 235 featured a Lycoming O-540 engine de-rated to Template:Convert and a longer wing which would eventually be used for the Cherokee Six. It included tip tanks of Template:Convert capacity each, bringing the total fuel capacity of the Cherokee 235 to Template:Convert.<ref name="Plane and Pilot"/> The aircraft had its fuselage stretched in 1973, giving more leg room in the rear. The stabilator area was also increased. In 1973, the marketing name was changed from "235" to "Charger". In 1974, it was changed again to "Pathfinder". Production of the Pathfinder continued until 1977. No 1978 models were built. In 1979, the aircraft was given the Piper tapered wing and the name was changed again, this time to Dakota.Template:Citation needed

In 1964, the company filled in the bottom end of the line with the Cherokee Template:Cvt (PA-28-140), which was designed for training and initially shipped with only two seats.<ref name="Plane and Pilot"/> The PA-28-140 engine was slightly modified shortly after its introduction to produce Template:Cvt, but kept the -140 name.

In 1967, Piper introduced the PA-28R-180 Cherokee Arrow. This aircraft featured a constant-speed propeller and retractable landing gear and was powered by a Template:Cvt Lycoming IO-360-B1E engine. A Template:Cvt version powered by a Lycoming IO-360-C1C was offered as an option beginning in 1969 and designated the PA-28R-200; the Template:Cvt model was dropped after 1971.<ref name = "Twombly 86">Twombly, Mark: "Piper Arrow," AOPA Pilot, June 1986.</ref> At the time the Arrow was introduced, Piper removed the Cherokee 150 and Cherokee 160 from production.<ref name="Plane and Pilot"/><ref name="Airliners.net"/><ref name="2A13">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:Piper PA-28 on floats N7866W.jpg
PA-28-180 on floats

The Arrow II came out in 1972, featuring a Template:Cvt fuselage stretch to increase legroom for the rear-seat passengers.<ref name="Twombly 86" /> In 1977, Piper introduced the Arrow III (PA-28R-201), which featured a semi-tapered wing and longer stabilator, a design feature that had previously been introduced successfully on the PA-28-181 which provided better low-speed handling. It also featured larger fuel tanks, increasing capacity from Template:Convert.<ref name="2A13" />

The first turbocharged model, the PA-28R-201T, was also offered in 1977, powered by a six-cylinder Continental TSIO-360-F engine equipped with a Rajay turbocharger. A three-bladed propeller was optional.<ref name = "Twombly 86" />

In 1979, the Arrow was restyled again as the PA-28RT-201 Arrow IV, featuring a "T" tail.<ref name="2A13" />

In 1971, Piper released a Cherokee 140 variant called the Cherokee Cruiser 2+2. Although the plane kept the 140 designation, it was, in fact, a Template:Cvt plane and was shipped mainly as a four-seat version. In 1973, the Cherokee 180 was named the Cherokee Challenger and had its fuselage lengthened slightly and its wings widened and the Cherokee 235 was named the Charger with similar airframe modifications.<ref name="Plane and Pilot"/> In 1974, Piper changed the marketing names of some of the Cherokee models again, renaming the Cruiser 2+2 (140) simply the Cruiser, the Challenger to the Archer (model PA-28-181), and the Charger (235) to Pathfinder.<ref name="Airliners.net"/>

Piper reintroduced the Cherokee 150 in 1974, renaming it the Cherokee Warrior (PA-28-151) and giving it the Archer's stretched body and a new, semi-tapered wing.<ref name="Plane and Pilot"/><ref name="Airliners.net"/>

In 1977, Piper stopped producing the Cruiser (140) and Pathfinder (235), but introduced a new Template:Cvt plane, the Dakota (PA-28-236), based on the Cherokee 235, Charger, and Pathfinder models, but with the new semi-tapered wing.<ref name="Airliners.net"/>

The PA-28-201T Turbo Dakota followed the introduction of the PA-28-236 Dakota in 1979. The airframe was essentially the same as a fixed-gear Arrow III and was powered by a turbocharged Continental TSIO-360-FB engine producing Template:Cvt. The aircraft did not sell well and production ended in 1980.<ref name="Janes">Taylor, John W.R.: Jane's Pocket Book Light Aircraft Revised Edition, page 171. Jane's Publishing Company Ltd, 1982. Template:ISBN</ref>

In 1977, Piper upgraded the Warrior to Template:Cvt PA-28-161, changing its name to Cherokee Warrior II. This aircraft had slightly improved aerodynamic wheel fairings introduced in 1978. Later models of the Warrior II, manufactured after July 1982, incorporated a gross weight increase to Template:Convert, giving a useful load over Template:Cvt. This same aircraft, now available with a glass cockpit, was available as the Warrior III and was marketed as a training aircraft.<ref name="NewPiper01">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="WarriorBrochure2009">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:PH-JMB Piper PA-28RT-201T (cropped).jpg
Piper PA-28RT-201 Turbo Arrow IV with its distinctive "T" tail, and retractable landing gear

PA-32Edit

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In 1965, Piper developed the Piper Cherokee Six, designated the PA-32, by stretching the PA-28 design. It features a lengthened fuselage and seating for one pilot and five passengers.<ref name="Airliners.net">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Brazilian, Argentinian and Chilean productionEdit

PA-28s were built under license in Brazil as the Embraer EMB-711A and EMB-711C Corisco (PA-28R-200), EMB-711B (PA-28R-201), EMB-711T (PA-28RT-201) and EMB-711ST Corisco Turbo (PA-28RT-201T) and the EMB-712 Tupi (PA-28-181). Argentinian production was carried out by Chincul SACAIFI of San Juan, Argentina. Chincul S. A. built 960 airplanes between 1972 and 1995, including the Cherokee Archer, Dakota, Arrow and Turbo Arrow.<ref name="Enciclopédia de Aviões Brasileiros">Pereira de Andrade, Roberto.: Enciclopédia de Aviões Brasileiros, Editora Globo, 1997. Template:ISBN</ref> The PA-28-236 Dakota was also assembled under license by the Maintenance Wing of the Chilean Air Force (which later became known as ENAER). By September 1982, 20 Dakotas had been assembled in Chile.<ref name="JAWA82">Taylor, John W.R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982–83. London: Jane's Yearbooks, 1982. Template:ISBN. pp. 31, 438.</ref>

New Piper AircraftEdit

The original Piper Aircraft company declared bankruptcy in 1991. In 1995, the New Piper Aircraft company was created. It was renamed Piper Aircraft once again in 2006. The company originally produced one variant, the 180-horsepower (134 kW) Archer LX (PA-28-181),<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and began testing two diesel versions, with 135 and 155 hp.<ref>"Aero-News" Video</ref>

As of 2022, five variants of the PA-28 are in production:<ref name="Models">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Archer TX and LX<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> with a Template:Convert Lycoming IO-360-A4M engine, a Template:Convert TAS maximum cruise speed, Template:Convert range and a Garmin G1000 avionics suite

  • Archer DX and DLX<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> with a Template:Convert Continental CD-155 engine, a Template:Convert TAS maximum cruise speed, Template:Convert range and a Garmin G1000 avionics suite

  • Pilot 100i<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> with a Template:Convert Lycoming IO-360-B4A engine, a Template:Convert TAS maximum cruise speed, Template:Convert range and Garmin G3X avionics.

DesignEdit

WingEdit

Originally, all Cherokees had a constant-chord, rectangular planform wing, popularly called the "Hershey Bar" wing because of its resemblance to the convex, rectangular chocolate bar.

Beginning with the Warrior in 1974, Piper switched to a semi-tapered wing with the NACA 652-415 profile and a Template:Convert wingspan. The constant chord is maintained from the root to mid-wing, at which point a tapered section sweeping backwards on the leading edge continues until the tip. Both Cherokee wing variants have an angled wing root; i.e., the wing chord is greater at the root, with the leading edge swept back as it leaves the fuselage body, rather than the wing meeting the body at a perpendicular angle.

Debate is ongoing about the relative benefits of the two wing shapes. According to the Cherokee's lead designer, Fred Weick, the semi-tapered wing was introduced to "improve stall characteristics and increase wingspan," and side-by-side testing of the two shapes found that with the semitapered wing, "the plane had better climb and flatter flight characteristics" <ref>Fred Weick, quoted by Terry Lee Rogers in The Cherokee Tribe, The Cherokee Pilot's Association (1991), p.11.</ref> The original 1974 version of the wing had a structural weakness that caused a structural failure during an aerobatic maneuver, but that was fixed for all later wings.<ref name="auto">The Cherokee Tribe, p.45.</ref> According to Terry Lee Rogers (summarizing interviews with Weick), "the outboard wing sections had a different taper than the wing root, which permitted them to retain control even when the inboard sections were stalled."<ref name="auto"/>

However, designer John Thorp, who collaborated with Weick in the late 1950s on an early 180 hp version of the PA-28 (with Hershey-bar wings) and was not involved in the later semi-tapered design, publicly disagreed: "Tapered wings tend to stall outboard, reducing aileron effectiveness and increasing the likelihood of a rolloff into a spin."<ref name="Garrison">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Aviation journalist Peter Garrison is also in the Hershey-bar wing camp, claiming that the semitapered shape has a neutral effect on drag: "to prevent tip stall, designers have resorted to providing the outboard portions of tapered wings with more cambered airfoil sections, drooped or enlarged leading edges, fixed or automatic leading edge slots or slats and most commonly, wing twist or "washout". The trouble with these fixes is that they all increase the drag, cancelling whatever benefit the tapered wing was supposed to deliver in the first place."<ref name="Garrison"/>

Flight controlsEdit

File:Cockpit of Piper PA-28-151 (G-BOYH) at Bristol Airport, England 15May2016 arp.jpg
The cockpit of a Piper PA-28-151 Cherokee Warrior (2016)

For the Cherokee family, Piper used their traditional flight-control configuration. The horizontal tail is a stabilator with an antiservo tab (sometimes termed an antibalance tab). The antiservo tab moves in the same direction of the stabilator movement, making pitch control "heavier" as the stabilator moves out of the trimmed position. Flaps can extend up to 40° and 25° flaps are normally used for a short- or soft-field takeoff. The ailerons, flaps, stabilator and stabilator trim are all controlled using cables and pulleys.<ref name="POH">Piper Aircraft: Cherokee 140 PA-28-140 Owner's Handbook. Piper Aircraft Corporation publication 753 584, February 1964, Revised May 27, 1977</ref>

In the cockpit, all Cherokees use control yokes rather than sticks, together with rudder pedals.<ref name="POH"/> The pilot operates the flaps manually using a Johnson bar located between the front seats: for zero degrees, the lever is flat against the floor and is pulled up to select the detent positions of 10, 25, and 40°.<ref name="POH"/>

Older Cherokees use an overhead crank for stabilator trim (correctly called an antiservo tab), while later ones use a trim wheel on the floor between the front seats, immediately behind the flap bar.<ref name="POH"/>

All Cherokees have a brake lever under the pilot side of the instrument panel. Differential toe brakes on the rudder pedals were an optional add-on for earlier Cherokees and became standard with later models.<ref name="POH"/>

Some earlier Cherokees used control knobs for the throttle, mixture, and propeller advance (where applicable), while later Cherokees use a collection of two or three control levers in a throttle quadrant.<ref name="POH"/>

Cherokees normally include a rudder trim knob, which actually controls a set of springs acting on the rudder pedals rather than an external trim tab on the rudder—in other words, the surface is trimmed by control tension rather than aerodynamically.<ref name="POH"/>

VariantsEdit

Cherokee familyEdit

File:Piper PA-28 Cherokee Rafael Luiz (14687208168).jpg
A PA-28-140 Cherokee Cruiser with the constant-chord "Hershey Bar" wing of the Cherokee family.
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Unbuilt design study similar to the Thorp Sky Scooter. Was to have been powered by a Template:Convert engine.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite book</ref> Developed into the PA-28.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref>
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Two-place, fixed landing gear landplane, Lycoming O-320-E2A or -E3D engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 14 February 1964. Approved as a Template:Convert gross weight four place aircraft on 17 June 1965.<ref name="2A13" /> Built in the following variants:
  • PA-26-140 Cherokee, initial version.<ref name=":0" />
  • PA-28-140-4 Cherokee, four-seat version of the PA-28-140. Introduced in 1965.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28-140B Cherokee B, as PA-28-140 with new engine mount and instrument panel as well as minor detail changes. Introduced in 1969.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28-140C Cherokee C, as PA-28-140B with minor cosmetic changes. Introduced in 1970.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28-140D Cherokee D, as PA-28-140C with new cabin heat system and minor changes. Introduced in 1971.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28-140E Cherokee E, as PA-28-140D with minor cosmetic changes. Introduced in 1972.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28-140F Cherokee F, as PA-28-140E with tail fillet, new instrument panel and front seats, and minor cosmetic changes. Air conditioning was added as an option on this variant. Introduced in 1973.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28-140 Cruiser 2+2, PA-28-140B/C/D/E/F with four-seat interior and baggage area.<ref name=":0" /> Renamed to Cruiser in 1974.
  • PA-28-140 Flite Liner (alternatively Fliteliner), two-seat trainer variant of the PA-28-140E/F with full instrumentation.<ref name=":0" /> Introduced in 1971.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
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Four-place, fixed landing gear landplane, Lycoming O-320-A2B or -E2A engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 2 June 1961.<ref name="2A13" /> Built in the following variants:
  • PA-28-150 Cherokee, initial version.<ref name=":0" />
  • PA-28-150B Cherokee B, as PA-28-150 with minor detail changes. Introduced in 1963.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28-150C Cherokee C, as PA-28-150B with minor detail changes. Introduced in 1965.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
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Four-place, fixed landing gear landplane, Lycoming O-320-B2B or -D2A engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 31 October 1960.<ref name="2A13" /> Built in the following variants:
  • PA-28-160 Cherokee, initial version.<ref name=":0" />
  • PA-28-160B Cherokee B, as PA-28-160 with minor detail changes. Introduced in 1963.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28-160C Cherokee C, as PA-28-160B with minor detail changes. Introduced in 1965.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
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Four-place, fixed landing gear seaplane, Lycoming O-320-D2A engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 25 February 1963.<ref name="2A13" /> Built in the following variants:
  • PA-28S-160B Cherokee B, PA-28-160B with EDO 2000 floats.<ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28S-160C Cherokee C, PA-28-160C with EDO 2000 floats.<ref name=":1" />
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Four-place, fixed landing gear landplane, Lycoming O-360-A3A or -A4A engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 3 August 1962.<ref name="2A13" /> Built in the following variants:
  • PA-28-180B Cherokee B, initial version based on the PA-28-160B. Introduced in 1963.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28-180C Cherokee C, as PA-28-180B with streamlined engine cowling, new spinner, and minor detail changes. Introduced in 1965.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28-180D Cherokee D, as PA-28-180C with a third window on each side and a new instrument panel, engine control console, and control column. Introduced in 1968.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28-180E Cherokee E, as PA-28-180D with an improved engine mount and new instrument lighting. Introduced in 1970.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28-180F Cherokee F, as PA-28-180E with rear bench seat replaced by separate seats, new fuel selector system, and minor detail changes. Air conditioning was added as an option on this variant. Introduced in 1971.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28-180G Cherokee G, as PA-28-180F with improved instrument panel. Introduced in 1972.<ref name=":1" />
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Four-place, fixed landing gear seaplane, Lycoming O-360-A3A or -A4A engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 10 May 1963.<ref name="2A13" /> Built in the following variants:
  • PA-28S-180B Cherokee B, PA-28-180B with EDO 2000 floats.<ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28S-180C Cherokee C, PA-28-180C with EDO 2000 floats.<ref name=":1" />
Template:Visible anchor
Four-place, fixed landing gear landplane, Lycoming O-540-B1B5, -B2B5, or -B4B5 engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 15 July 1963 and introduced in 1964.<ref name="2A13" /><ref name="Cherokee235">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Built in the following variants:

  • PA-28-235 Cherokee 235, initial version.<ref name=":0" />
  • PA-28-235B Cherokee B, as PA-28-235 with minor detail changes. Introduced in 1966.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28-235C Cherokee C, as PA-28-235B with a third window on each side and a new engine control console. Introduced in 1968.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28-235D Cherokee D, as PA-28-235C with minor cosmetic changes. Introduced in 1970.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28-235E Cherokee E, as PA-28-235D with rear bench seat replaced by separate seats and improved soundproofing. Air conditioning was added as an option on this variant. Introduced in 1971.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28-235F Cherokee F, as PA-28-235E with tail fillet, a new instrument panel, and minor changes. Introduced in 1972.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28-235 Cherokee Charger, four-place, fixed landing gear landplane, Lycoming O-540-B4B5 engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 9 June 1972 and introduced in 1973. Changes from the 1963 certified PA-28-235 Cherokee 235 include a five inch fuselage extension, wing span increase, larger horizontal tail, gross weight increase and other minor changes.<ref name="2A13" /><ref name="Cherokee235" />
  • PA-28-235 Cherokee Pathfinder, four-place, fixed landing gear landplane, as Cherokee Charger but with noise reduction changes including redesigned windows. Introduced in 1974.<ref name="Cherokee235" />
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PA-28-235 built by Neiva (a subsidiary of Embraer) in Brazil from kits supplied by Piper.<ref name=":1" />
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PA-28-180 built by Neiva in Brazil from kits supplied by Piper.<ref name=":0" /> Also known as the Carioquinha.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="ICAO DOC 8643 - Aircraft Type Designators">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Warrior familyEdit

File:Piper PA-28 Cherokee - nice piper on a nice day (540786133).jpg
Warrior family aircraft, such as this PA-28-161 Warrior II, feature a tapered wing.
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Four-place, fixed landing gear landplane, Lycoming O-320-E3D engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 9 August 1973. Changes from the PA-28-150 include a tapered wing.<ref name="2A13" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Template:Visible anchor
Four-place, fixed landing gear landplane, Lycoming O-320-D2A or -D3G engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 2 November 1976. Changes from the PA-28-160 include a tapered wing. Certified on 1 July 1982 for gross weight of Template:Convert.<ref name="2A13" />
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Four-place, fixed landing gear landplane, Lycoming O-320-D3G engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 1 July 1994.<ref name="2A13" />
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Two-place, fixed landing gear landplane, Lycoming O-320-D2A or -D3G engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. Replaced the PA-38 Tomahawk trainer in the late 1980s. Features the older Cherokee "2 side window" fuselage with the later tapered wing.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:Polly in flight riat2008 arp.jpg
Polly Vacher, a record-breaking UK pilot, in her PA-28-236 Dakota
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Four-place, fixed landing gear landplane, turbocharged Continental TSIO-360-FB, engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 14 December 1978.<ref name="2A13" /><ref name="Dakota">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

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Four-place, fixed landing gear landplane, Lycoming O-540-J3A5D engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 1 June 1978. Changes from the 1972 certified PA-28-235 Cherokee Pathfinder include tapered wing.<ref name="2A13" /><ref name="Dakota" />
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PA-28-236 built by Neiva in Brazil from kits supplied by Piper.<ref name=":1" />

Archer familyEdit

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Four-place, fixed landing gear landplane, Lycoming O-360-A4A or -A4M engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 22 May 1972. Changes from the PA-28-180 Cherokee include a five inch fuselage extension, wing span increase, larger horizontal tail, gross weight increase and other minor changes.<ref name="2A13" /><ref name="Archer1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Renamed to Archer after minor detail changes.<ref name=":0" />

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Four-place, fixed landing gear landplane, Lycoming O-360-A4A or -A4M engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 8 July 1975. Changes from the PA-28-180 Archer include a tapered wing.<ref name="2A13" /><ref name="Archer1" />
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Four-place, fixed landing gear landplane, Lycoming O-360-A4M engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 30 August 1994.<ref name="2A13" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:Piper PA-28-181 Archer LX (N563DF, cn 2881563) (10-20-2022).jpg
PA-28-181 Archer LX at 2022 NBAA-BACE
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Four-place, fixed landing gear landplane, Lycoming O-360-B4A engine of Template:Convert, maximum takeoff weight Template:Convert. Produced in Archer TX trainer and Archer LX personal aircraft variants, both with Garmin G1000 NXi avionics.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:Piper Archer DX PA-28 Indonesian Navy.jpg
PA-28-181 Archer DX of the Indonesian Navy
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Four-place, fixed landing gear landplane, turbocharged Continental CD-155 diesel engine of Template:Convert. Introduced at AERO Friedrichshafen in April 2014.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The compression-ignition engine is simpler to operate, avoiding starting difficulties, carburetor icing or propeller and mixture controls, and the liquid cooling does not suffer shock cooling in a rapid descent. The turbocharger maintains full power up to over Template:Cvt to climbs at Template:Cvt at Template:Cvt, and cruise fuel flow is Template:Cvt/h at 50 to 75% power and a Template:Cvt IAS. The engine must be replaced every 2,100 hours.<ref name=AIN21nov2018>Template:Cite news</ref> Produced in Archer DX trainer and Archer DLX personal aircraft variants.<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

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New versions introduced in 2019 intended as low cost VFR and IFR trainers respectively, for the flight training market.<ref name=Pilot100>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Fixed landing gear, 180 hp Lycoming IO-360-B4A, Garmin G3X Touch Certified avionics. IFR version includes GFC500 autopilot.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Features the 2-side-window fuselage with the later tapered wing, no baggage door, no air conditioning, no instruments on right-hand panel, all-white paint with decals, two-place seating standard on 100, rear third seat with push-to-talk and Bluetooth functions standard on 100i and optional on 100.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> These new versions were type certified in the US in December 2020 and in Europe in August 2021.<ref name="Cook15Dec20">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="OConnor27Aug21">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Arrow familyEdit

File:Piper PA-28R-200 Cherokee Arrow 3-view line drawing.png
A 3-view drawing of a Piper PA-28R-200 Cherokee Arrow
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Four-place, retractable landing gear landplane, Lycoming IO-360-B1E engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 8 June 1967.<ref name="2A13" /> Built in the following variants:
  • PA-28R-180 Cherokee Arrow, initial version.<ref name=":1" />
  • PA-28R-180B Cherokee Arrow B, as PA-28R-180 with minor changes. Introduced in 1970.<ref name=":1" />
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Four-place, retractable landing gear landplane, Lycoming IO-360-C1C engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 16 January 1969.<ref name="2A13" /> Built in the following variants:
  • PA-28R-200 Cherokee Arrow, initial version.<ref name=":0" />
  • PA-28R-200B Cherokee Arrow B, as PA-28R-200 with improved fuel system and ventilation. Autopilot added as an option on this variant. Introduced in 1970.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
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Four-place, retractable landing gear landplane, Lycoming IO-360-C1C or -C1C6 engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 2 December 1971. Changes from the 1969 certified PA-28R-200 Arrow include a five inch fuselage extension, wing span increase, larger horizontal tail, gross weight increase and other minor changes.<ref name="2A13" />
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Four-place, retractable landing gear landplane, Lycoming IO-360-C1C6 engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 2 November 1976.<ref name="2A13" />
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Four-place, retractable landing gear landplane, turbocharged Continental TSIO-360-F or -FB engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 2 November 1976.<ref name="2A13" />
File:PA 28 ARROW (cropped).jpg
A PA-28RT-201 Arrow IV over A Coruña Airport
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Four-place, retractable landing gear landplane, Lycoming IO-360-C1C6 engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 13 November 1978. Features a T tail.<ref name="2A13" />
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Four-place, retractable landing gear landplane, turbocharged Continental TSIO-360-FB engine of Template:Convert, gross weight Template:Convert. First certified on 13 November 1978. Features a T tail.<ref name="2A13" />
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Prototype armed military variant developed by Chincul in Argentina with a side-by-side two-seat cockpit and a sliding canopy. Powered by a Template:Convert Lycoming AEIO-540 engine and armed with a 7.62 mm gun. Intended for service in the Argentine armed forces but not accepted.<ref name=":1" />
File:YBT Enaer T-35 Pillan (8185362751).jpg
The second PA-28R-300 Pillán, designated YBT, at Museo Nacional Aeronáutico y del Espacio.
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Two Piper-built prototypes of the ENAER T-35 Pillán. Military trainer with a cut-down PA-32R Saratoga fuselage with a two-seat tandem cockpit and a PA-28R Arrow wing. Powered by a Template:Convert Lycoming IO-540-K engine. First flown on 6 March 1981, and production aircraft were sent in kit form to be built by ENAER.<ref name=":0" /> The first and second prototypes were designated XBT and YBT, respectively.<ref name=":1" />
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PA-28R-201 Arrow III built by Neiva in Brazil from kits supplied by Piper.<ref name=":1" />
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PA-28R-200 Arrow II built by Neiva in Brazil from kits supplied by Piper.<ref name=":1" />
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PA-28RT-201 Arrow IV built by Neiva in Brazil from kits supplied by Piper.<ref name=":1" />
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PA-28RT-201T Turbo Arrow IV built by Neiva in Brazil from kits supplied by Piper.<ref name=":1" /> Also known as the Corisco Turbo.<ref name=":0" />

OperatorsEdit

The Cherokee series has been popular with private owners and flying clubs, with over 32,000 delivered.

Military operatorsEdit

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RetiredEdit

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Notable accidents and incidentsEdit

  • September 9, 1969, Allegheny Airlines Flight 853, a Douglas DC-9-31, collided with a Piper PA-28R-180 Cruiser over Fairland, Indiana, killing all aboard both planes.<ref name="Aviation Safety Network: Allegheny Airlines Flight 853">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • March 23, 1976, Mitsuyasu Maeno attempted to assassinate right-wing nationalist Yoshio Kodama by flying a Piper PA-28 into Kodama's house. Maeno died in the crash, but Kodama was unharmed.<ref name="Frasier">Template:Cite book</ref>
  • August 31, 1986, Aeroméxico Flight 498, a Douglas DC-9-32, collided with a Piper PA-28-181 Archer, owned by William Kramer, over Cerritos, California, killing all 67 people aboard both planes and 15 people on the ground. It was the worst air disaster in the history of Los Angeles,<ref name="Aviation Safety Network: Aeromexico Flight 498">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> and resulted in regulatory changes requiring all airliners to be equipped with a traffic collision avoidance system (TCAS) and all light aircraft operating in terminal control areas to be equipped with a mode C transponder.<ref>Larry Gerber, AP, "1986 Cerritos crash changed the way we fly," The Intelligencer Record (Doylestown, Pa.), September 1, 1996, p A-13</ref>

  • On November 21, 1993, skydiver Alan Peters collided with the vertical stabilizer of a PA-28 while in freefall, after jumping from another aircraft. All four people aboard the PA-28 were killed after the plane lost control and crashed into a nearby forest. Peters was able to successfully open his parachute after the collision and survived, sustaining a fractured leg.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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|CitationClass=web }}</ref> in an apparent revenge attack on the Internal Revenue Service office located there.

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  • On 27 May 2019, Brazilian singer Gabriel Diniz was killed in the crash of a Piper PA-28-180 Cherokee Archer in Estância, Brazil.<ref name=G1>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • On 25 August 2019, award-winning music composer Jonathan Goldstein, his musician wife Hannah and their baby daughter were killed in the crash of a Piper PA-28 Arrow. They were flying from Switzerland to Italy when their aircraft crashed above the pass near the Italian border.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Specifications (1964 model PA-28-140 Cherokee 140)Edit

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Notable appearances in mediaEdit

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See alsoEdit

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ReferencesEdit

SourcesEdit

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BibliographyEdit

External linksEdit

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