Piper PA-46
Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Use American English Template:Disambig-acronym Template:Infobox aircraft
The Piper M-Class (PA-46; formerly called the Malibu, Malibu Mirage, Malibu Meridian, and Matrix) is a family of American light aircraft manufactured by Piper Aircraft of Vero Beach, Florida. The aircraft are powered by single engines and have six seats. Twentieth century production of the class was all piston engined (now M350; formerly Malibu, Malibu Mirage), but turboprop versions called the M500 (formerly Malibu Meridian), M600 and M700 (Fury) are now also available.<ref name="A25SO">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The M350 is the only pressurized piston engined airplane in current production, as of 2025, allowing it an extended range (1,343 nmi) versus the majority of its certified light aircraft peers in addition to a more comfortable cabin experience. It is recognized as one of the safest single-engines to fly by the airplane insurance industry.<ref name=Sunset>Peterson, Benjamin. "Piper M350 Airplane Insurance". Accessed February 1, 2024.</ref>
FAA certification of the PA-46 Malibu came in 1983, and the aircraft family has seen continuous production for more than four decades since. An updated version of the Malibu called the Malibu Mirage (now M350) replaced its Continental engine with a more reliable (and powerful) Lycoming in 1988. Certification of a turboprop version called the Malibu Meridian (now M500) came in 2000. An unpressurized PA-46, the Matrix, was produced from 2008 to 2015. An extended range version of the M500, called the M600, began production in 2016. A high-performance version of the M600, the M700 Fury, was announced in February 2024. <ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
DevelopmentEdit
Work on the PA-46 began in the late 1970s,<ref name="pressurized">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> with a prototype (the PA-46-300T) first flying on November 30, 1979. The type was announced in November 1982, apparently to compete with Cessna's newest creation of the era, the P210 Centurion. Like the Centurion, the Malibu was to feature cabin pressurization Template:Cvt, a feature not included on the prototype.
VariantsEdit
PA-46-310P MalibuEdit
The original Malibu was the third pressurized single-engine piston civil airplane in existence, after the Mooney M22 (1965–1970) and Cessna P210N/R Pressurized Centurion (1978–1986), but has remained in production far longer. The first example of the initial production version flew in August 1982, and FAA certification was obtained in September 1983. Deliveries started two months later.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> 404 aircraft with Continental TSIO-520 engines were built before this model was replaced in production by the PA-46-350P Malibu Mirage.
The PA-46-310P is powered by a Continental TSIO-520BE engine rated at Template:Convert. The PA-46-310P has lower fuel consumption, greater range, and the ability to cruise at "lean-of-peak." The PA-46-310P has a maximum cruising range of Template:Cvt (with reserves), while the PA-46-350P initially had a maximum cruising range of only Template:Convert, although this is now increased to Template:Convert.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The PA-46-310P Malibu has set several world speed records: Seattle to New York set November 23, 1987 at Template:Convert; Detroit to Washington, DC set January 4, 1989 at Template:Convert; and Chicago to Toronto set on January 8, 1989, at Template:Convert. All three records were set by Steve Stout in his 1986 Malibu N9114B.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The Continental TSIO-520-BE powered Malibu was discontinued in 1988 following a series of incidents and accidents attributed to engine failures. One such accident resulted in a settlement in which Teledyne Continental Motors paid $32,125,000 to a pilot injured in the crash of a Malibu.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
PA-46-350P Malibu MirageEdit
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Production of the Malibu Mirage commenced in October 1988 for the 1989 model year. New features included a more powerful Lycoming TIO-540-AE2A Template:Convert engine and a new wing. Various changes have occurred over the model years. Earlier models had an all-King panel and later this became largely Garmin, the Garmin G1000 glass cockpit is now standard.
In 1995, the pilot's windshield became a glass assembly (earlier it had been acrylic glass with a heat strip overlay). In 1996, numerous switches were moved to an overhead console. In 1999, the Mirage gained the strengthened wing designed for the turboprop Meridian.
PA-46-500TP Malibu MeridianEdit
In 1997, Piper announced its intention to market a turboprop-powered version of the Malibu, and flew a prototype the following year powered by a Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-42A of Template:Convert. Certification was achieved in September 2000 and deliveries began in November that year. Changes made to allow for turboprop power include larger wings and tail surfaces. In 2009, Piper began offering the Meridian with a three-screen version of the Garmin G1000 including the Garmin GFC 700 autopilot as a replacement for the Avidyne Entegra system.
Piper added wing root filets to increase wing area and Template:Cvt of fuel capacity, a larger tailplane and reinforced wing spar and landing gear to raise MTOW to Template:Cvt then Template:Cvt from 2003. For a Template:Cvt trip, block fuel is Template:Cvt at Template:Cvt block speed, while its maximum cruise speed is Template:Cvt.<ref name=BCA22apr2019>Template:Cite news</ref>
Piper M-ClassEdit
Piper Aircraft no longer refers to their top-of-the-line aircraft with the names Malibu, Malibu Mirage or Malibu Meridian. The PA-46 line of aircraft, as of 2024, is now referred to as the Piper M-Class. The M350, M500, M600 and the newest M700 make up the M-Class line.
M350Edit
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The M350 is an updated version of the Mirage and is recognized as one of the safest single-engines by the airplane insurance industry.<ref name=Sunset />
The M350 is fitted with the same Template:Convert turbocharged Lycoming TIO-540-AE2A engine and Hartzell three-bladed propeller as the Mirage. Improvements over the Mirage are an Ametek digital fuel quantity system and an improved Garmin G1000 NXi flight system. The new Garmin system has envelope-protection and anti-hypoxia tools.<ref name=avw2015-04-13>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It will initiate an emergency descent in the case that the pilot becomes incapacitated as a result of hypoxia. The M350 is capable of cruising at Template:Convert with a range of Template:Convert. The plane has a service ceiling of Template:Convert. No wind, standard day gross weight takeoff is achieved in Template:Convert and landing in Template:Convert.<ref name="MyUser_Piper.com_September_20_2015c">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="MyUser_Flyingmag.com_September_20_2015c">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
M500Edit
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The M500 is an updated version of the Meridian. It also has the updated Garmin G1000 NXi flight system, like the M350. The G1000 NXi system includes an automatic wings-level function and control override to prevent exceeding the plane's flight envelope. Its purpose is to maintain a safe, stable flight condition in the case of pilot disorientation or incapacitation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The safety feature is called Electronic Stability and Protection (ESP). The M500 also has ADS-B, but no FADEC. The M500's fuel tanks can carry Template:Cvt and its Pratt & Whitney PT6A-42A engine burns Template:Cvt.<ref name=fly2015-04-06>Template:Cite news</ref> It is a light plane with a maximum ramp weight of Template:Cvt and Template:Cvt MTOW. It cruises at Template:Cvt at an altitude of Template:Cvt.
M600Edit
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In 2015, Piper introduced the M600 (company designation PA-46-600TP),<ref name="A25SO" /> as an upgrade to the M500. The M600 is powered by a Template:Cvt PT6A-42A engine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The new M600 is equipped with the Garmin G3000, a new wing and more fuel capacity. The aircraft is more capable than the M500, as the M600 has greater range and a slightly higher top speed.<ref name=fly2015-04-14>Template:Cite news</ref> It has anti-hypoxia tools like in the M350.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
It received its FAA certification on June 18, 2016. Its NBAA Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) range is Template:Convert, up from Template:Convert for the M500, and maximum cruise speed is Template:Cvt, up from the M500's Template:Cvt. The M600's MTOW is Template:Cvt, up from the M500's Template:Cvt, with a Template:Cvt fuel capacity, greater than the M500's Template:Cvt. The M600's standard equipped weight is Template:Cvt higher than the M500's. Full-fuel payload for the M600 is Template:Cvt compared to Template:Cvt for the M500.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Between June 2016 and March 2018, 50 have been delivered, mostly in the U.S. and mostly are owner-flown. It offers nearly the range of the TBM 900 for much less cost, and can operate from shorter runways than very light jets like the Eclipse 500 or the Citation Mustang. It burns Template:Cvt (56.3 usgal/hr) in the first hour, Template:Cvt (50 usgal/hr) the second hour and Template:Cvt thereafter, averaging 270 lb/hr (Template:Cvt) per hour.<ref name=BCA23mar2018>Template:Cite news</ref>
Starting in 2020, Piper offered an emergency autoland system by Garmin, which initiates at the push of a button. Built into the G3000 integrated avionics for the new SLS model, the system will be a first in general aviation, along with the Cirrus Vision Jet.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Piper calls the technology "HALO".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Offered for $170,000 including extra equipment, it provides access to more than 9,000 runways over Template:Cvt.<ref name=BCA30oct2019>Template:Cite news</ref> Transport Canada granted approval for the HALO system on August 3, 2023.<ref name="Phelps08Aug23">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
M700 FuryEdit
In 2024, Piper unveiled the M700 Fury (company designation PA-46-701TP) to replace the M600.<ref name="A25SO" /><ref name=":0" /> The M700 is powered by a Template:Cvt PT6A-52 engine and retains the Garmin G3000 avionics and HALO system of its predecessor.<ref name=":0" /> The first production M700 was the 1,000th PA-46 produced.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The M700 received FAA certification on February 29, 2024, with Piper announcing that deliveries would begin immediately thereafter.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In August 2024, Piper Aircraft announced that its M700 FURY received FAA certification for unpaved field operations. This approval marks a significant expansion in the aircraft's operational capabilities, allowing it to operate in more diverse and challenging environments, including remote and undeveloped airstrips.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
PA-46R-350T MatrixEdit
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In October 2007 Piper announced the Matrix, an unpressurized version of the Mirage. The new model was designated as the PA-46R-350T, indicating retractable landing gear, Template:Convert, and turbocharging.<ref name="FlyingMar1008">Robert Goyer: "Piper Matrix" Flying March 2008, page 56. Hachette Filipacchi Media USA Inc.</ref>
Piper Aircraft marketed the Matrix as a cabin-class aircraft for Cirrus SR-22 and Cessna 400 owners to step up to.<ref name="FlyingMar1008"/><ref name="FlyingJan1008">Flying Editors: "Matrix: Cabin-Class Comfort for Less" Flying. January 2008, page 19. Hachette Filipacchi Media USA Inc.</ref> Standard equipment on the Matrix includes a built-in oxygen system, Avidyne Entegra glass cockpit, S-Tec 55X autopilot and air conditioning.<ref name="FlyingJan1008"/>
Major options on the Matrix included a de-ice system, an "Enhanced Situational Awareness Package", speed brakes, an avionics package featuring the Avidyne TAS610 dual antenna traffic advisory system,<ref name="FlyingJan1008"/> GWX-68 Weather Radar, and, beginning in 2010, the Garmin G1000 avionics system with twin 10" PFD's and a 15" MFD.
As with the Malibu Mirage, Matrix's powerplant is a turbocharged Lycoming TI0-540-AE2A producing Template:Convert.<ref name="PiperSpecs">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The aircraft's performance includes a cruise speed of Template:Convert at Template:Convert, Template:Convert at Template:Convert and Template:Convert at Template:Convert.<ref name="FlyingJan1008"/> Maximum takeoff weight is Template:Convert and an empty weight of Template:Convert giving a standard useful load of Template:Convert).<ref name="PiperSpecs"/>
Matrix deliveries began in early 2008.<ref name="FlyingJan1008"/> Production ended in 2015.
JetPROPEdit
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The JetPROP is an aftermarket turbine engine conversion for the PA-46-310P Malibu and PA-46-350P Malibu Mirage offered by Rocket Engineering of Spokane, WA. Originally certified in 1998 as the JetPROP DLX with a Pratt & Whitney PT6A-34 engine, conversions 90 and above used the P&W PT6A-35, after the -34 was discontinued. A lower cost JetPROP DL version became available in October 2003 utilizing the P&W PT6A-21. As of September 2008, 233 JetPROP conversions had been delivered. Twenty percent of the entire PA-46 fleet have been converted.<ref name="Rocket">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ZeroAvia HyFlyerEdit
ZeroAvia, a Cranfield University partner, is a U.S./UK startup developing a Hydrogen fuel cell power train targeting to halve a turbine operating costs. It flight-tests a pair of Template:Cvt electric motors replacing the piston engine of a Piper Malibu Mirage in California. In September 2019, the UK government granted £2.7 million ($3.3 million) for its HyFlyer demonstrator, culminating in a Template:Cvt flight using hydrogen fuel cells. Other partners, including the Orkney Isles-based EMEC, Cranfield Aerospace Solutions, and fuel-cell developer Intelligent Energy should match this funding.<ref name=AvWeek30sep2019>Template:Cite news</ref> The prototype made its maiden hydrogen-powered flight at Cranfield Airport on September 24, 2020.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
ProductionEdit
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Totals | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M600 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 22 | 35 | 38 | 24 | 36 | 39 | 41 | {{#expr:22+35+38+24+36+39+41}} |
| M500 (Malibu Meridian) |
18 | 98 | 25 | 24 | 26 | 40 | 49 | 53 | 52 | 29 | 25 | 32 | 32 | 34 | 36 | 27 | 12 | 12 | 18 | 20 | 7 | 7 | 9 | {{#expr:18+108+25+24+26+40+49+53+52+29+25+32+32+34+36+27+12+12+18+20+7+7+9}} |
| M350 (Malibu Mirage) |
63 | 10 | 19 | 7 | 15 | 11 | 31 | 30 | 21 | 7 | 26 | 33 | 49 | 42 | 37 | 34 | 26 | 9 | 20 | 21 | 15 | 19 | 19 | {{#expr:63+10+19+7+15+11+31+30+21+7+26+33+49+42+37+34+26+9+20+21+15+19+19}} |
| Matrix | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 101 | 33 | 23 | 17 | 12 | 16 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | {{#expr:101+33+23+17+12+16+11+2+0+0+0}} |
| All | {{#expr:18+63}} | {{#expr:98+10}} | {{#expr:25+19}} | {{#expr:24+7}} | {{#expr:26+15}} | {{#expr:40+11}} | {{#expr:49+31}} | {{#expr:53+30}} | {{#expr:52+21+101}} | {{#expr:29+7+33}} | {{#expr:25+26+23}} | {{#expr:32+33+17}} | {{#expr:32+49+12}} | {{#expr:34+42+16}} | {{#expr:36+37+11}} | {{#expr:27+34+2}} | {{#expr:22+12+26}} | {{#expr:35+12+9}} | {{#expr:38+18+20}} | {{#expr:24+20+21}} | {{#expr:36+7+15}} | {{#expr:39+7+19}} | {{#expr:41+9+19}} | {{#expr:81+108+22+35+38+25+24+26+40+49+53+52+29+25+32+32+34+36+27+12+12+18+19+7+15+11+31+30+21+7+26+33+49+42+37+34+26+9+20+101+33+23+17+12+16+11+2+65+58+65+69}} |
Accidents and incidentsEdit
Template:As of, 225 accidents had been reported in the Aviation Safety Network wiki database, including 106 hull losses, causing 219 fatalities.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- On 21 January 2019, a 1984 PA-46-310P travelling from Nantes Atlantique Airport, France, to Cardiff Airport, Wales, crashed into the water off Alderney in the English Channel. Britain's Air Accidents Investigation Branch found the flight had operated under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) at night, in poor weather conditions, despite the pilot having no training in night flying and a lack of recent practice in instrument flying; as well as possible carbon monoxide poisoning of the pilot with no working sensor on board. The plane was carrying Argentine footballer Emiliano Sala, who had been signed by Cardiff City from FC Nantes two days earlier.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The plane's wreckage was discovered on the seabed of the English Channel on 3 February,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Sala was confirmed to be dead on 7 February.<ref name="BBC">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- On 30 June 2024, a Piper Malibu, registration N85PG, en route from Oneonta, New York to Charleston, West Virginia crashed in the hamlet of Trout Creek, New York, killing the pilot and his four passengers. The cause of the accident is under investigation.<ref>National Transportation Safety Board Aviation Investigation Preliminary Report, Accident No. ERA24FA283, Piper PA-46-310P, N85PG. Issued July 2024.</ref><ref> Template:Cite news</ref>
- On 29 July 2024 a Piper Malibu, registration D-EOSE, en route from Goose Bay, Canada, to Narsarsuaq, Greenland, ditched in the sea near Qaqortoq, about 30 nm short of Narsarsuaq. The German pilots made a Mayday call and deployed their life raft; the Danish Arctic Command despatched an aircraft which quickly located the life raft and guided the Danish Navy ship Triton to pick up the pilots.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
SpecificationsEdit
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| Seating | 6 | |||||||||
| Cabin Volume | Template:Convert | |||||||||
| Pressurization | None | Template:Convert | Template:Convert | Template:Convert | ||||||
| Wingspan | 43.0 ft / 13.11 m | 43.2 ft / 13.2 m | ||||||||
| Length | 28.11 ft / 8.6 m | 29.6 ft / 9.02 m | 29.7 ft / 9.1 m | |||||||
| Height | 11.3 ft / 3.44 m | 11.5 ft / 3.5 m | ||||||||
| MTOW | 4,340 lb / 1,969 kg | 5,092 lb / 2,310 kg | 6,000 lb / 2,721 kg | |||||||
| OEW | 3,003 lb / 1,362 kg | 3,050 lb / 1,383 kg | 3,436 lb / 1,559 kg | 3,650 lb / 1,656 kg | 3,730 lb / 1,692 kg | |||||
| Fuel Capacity | 120 USgal / 454 L | 170 USgal / 644 L | 260 USgal / 984 L | |||||||
| Constant-speed propeller | 3 blade | 4 blade feathering, reversible | 5 blade, reversible | |||||||
| Engine | Lycoming TIO-540-AE2A | Pratt & Whitney PT6A-42A | PT6A-52 | |||||||
| Power | Template:Convert | Template:Convert | Template:Convert | Template:Convert | ||||||
| Maximum cruise | 213 kt / 395 km/h | 260 ktas / 482 km/h | 274 ktas / 507 km/h | 301 ktas / 557 km/h | ||||||
| Ceiling | 25,000 ft / 7,620 m | 30,000 ft / 9,144 m | ||||||||
| Range (45 minute reserve) | 1,343 nm / 2,487 km | 1,000 nm / 1,852 km | 1,484 nm / 2,668 km | Template:Cvt<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> | ||||||
| Takeoff (50 ft obstacle) | 2,090 ft / 637 m | 2,438 ft / 743 m | 2,635 ft / 803 m | 1,994 ft / 607 m | ||||||
| Landing (50 ft obstacle) | 1968 ft / 600 m | 2,110 ft / 643 m | 2,659 ft / 810 m | 1,950 ft / 594 m | ||||||
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
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