Piperales

Piperales is an order of flowering plants (4,170 recognized species). It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but other taxa have been included or disincluded variously over time. Well-known plants which may be included in this order include black pepper, kava, the many Peperomias, pepper elder, lizard's tail, birthwort, and wild ginger.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The two perianthless families Piperaceae and Saururaceae are mainly herbaceous plants possessing highly reduced flowers.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Phylogenetic Relationships of the Perianthless Piperales: Reconstructing the Evolution of Floral Development</ref>

ClassificationEdit

In the APG IV system, of 2016, this order is placed in the clade magnoliids and is circumscribed as follows:Template:R

Template:Clade
The current composition and phylogeny of the Piperales.Template:R Template:R

This is an expansion from the APG system, of 1998, which used the same placement (in the magnoliids) but used this circumscription:

The Cronquist system, of 1981, placed the order in the subclass Magnoliidae of class Magnoliopsida [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:

The Engler system, in its update of 1964, placed the order in subclassis Archichlamydeae in class Dicotyledoneae [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:

The Wettstein system, latest version published in 1935, assigned the order to the Monochlamydeae in subclass Choripetalae of class Dicotyledones. It used the circumscription: