Pesaro

Rocca Costanza

Musei Civici

Pesaro ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}; Template:Langx) is a {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (municipality) in the Italian region of Marche, capital of the province of Pesaro and Urbino, on the Adriatic Sea. According to the 2011 census, its population was 95,011, making it the second most populous city in the Marche, after Ancona. Pesaro was dubbed the "Cycling City" ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) by the Italian environmentalist association Legambiente in recognition of its extensive network of bicycle paths and promotion of cycling. It is also known as "City of Music" ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), for it is the birthplace of the composer Gioachino Rossini. In 2015 the Italian Government applied for Pesaro to be declared a "Creative City" in UNESCO's World Heritage Sites. In 2017 Pesaro received the European City of Sport award together with Aosta, Cagliari and Vicenza.

Local industries include fishing, furniture making and tourism. In 2020 it absorbed the former {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} of Monteciccardo, now a {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} of Pesaro. Its {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} of Fiorenzuola di Focara is one of {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

HistoryEdit

The city was established as Pisaurum by the Romans in 184 BC as a colony in the territory of the Picentes, the people who lived along the northeast coast during the Iron Age.<ref name="Pesaro hist">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Better In 1737, fourteen ancient votive stones were unearthed in a local farm field, each bearing the inscription of a Roman god; these were written in a pre-Etruscan script, indicating a much earlier occupation of the area than the 184 BC Picentes colony.<ref name="Pesaro hist"/>

A settlement of the Picentes tribe has been found at Novilara. The northern Picentes were invaded in the 4th century BC by the Gallic Senones, earlier by the Etruscans, and when the Romans reached the area the population was an ethnic mixture. The Roman separated and expelled the Gauls from the country.

Under the Roman administration Pesaro, a hub across the Via Flaminia, became an important centre of trading and craftmanship.Template:Cn After the fall of the Western Empire, Pesaro was occupied by the Ostrogoths, and destroyed by Vitigis (539) in the course of the Gothic War. Hastily rebuilt five years later after the Byzantine reconquest, it formed the so-called Pentapolis, part of the Exarchate of Ravenna. After the Lombard and Frankish conquests of that city, Pesaro became part of the Papal States.

During the Renaissance it was ruled successively by the houses of Montefeltro (1285–1445), Sforza (1445–1512) and Della Rovere (1513–1631). Under the last family, who selected it as capital of their duchy, Pesaro saw its most flourishing age, with the construction of numerous public and private palaces,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and the erection of a new line of walls (the Mura Roveresche). In 1475, a legendary wedding took place in Pesaro, when Costanzo Sforza and Camilla d'Aragona married.<ref>A Renaissance Wedding: The Celebrations at Pesaro for the Marriage of Costanzo Sforza & Camilla Marzano D'Aragona (26–30 May 1475): (Studies in Medieval and Early Renaissance Art History). Harvey Miller Publ., 2013, Template:ISBN</ref>

On 11 September 1860 Piedmontese troops entered the city, and after their win over the Papal States at the Battle of Castelfidardo 8 days later, Pesaro was subsequently annexed to the new Kingdom of Italy along with the entire Marche (and Umbria) regions.

Pesaro was significantly damaged in the 1916 Rimini earthquakes.<ref name=":11">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Its historic centre was abandoned after the 16 August earthquake, leaving 14,000 displaced people crowded into 2,000 tents.<ref name=":9">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Many villages in its hinterland also suffered collapsed buildings.<ref name=":5">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

DemographicsEdit

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GovernmentEdit

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Main sightsEdit

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Buildings and museumsEdit

Ducal Palace (15th century): commissioned by Alessandro Sforza, the façade has a portico with six arcades supported by six heavy pilasters and an upper floor with five windows crowned by coats of arms, festoons and puttoes.
Rocca Costanza (15th century): massive castle built by Costanzo I Sforza; it has a square plan with four cylindrical corner towers and a wide dry moat. Later used as prison.
Villa Imperiale of Pesaro (Template:Circa): suburban palace with gardens designed by Girolamo Genga for Duke Francesco Maria Della Rovere and his duchess Eleanora<ref>Andrew Hopkins, 2002. Italian Architecture from Michelangelo to Borromini, p.23f.</ref> and built from Template:Circa onwards, stands atop the San Bartolo hill. Its sunken court is the direct precedent for the more famous one at the Roman Villa Giulia.<ref>Hopkins 2002 p 24.</ref> Rooms are frescoed by prominent Mannerist painters Bronzino, Francesco Menzocchi, Girolamo Genga, and Raffaellino del Colle.
Mura Roveresche (17th century): "Della Rovere Walls", demolished in the early 20th century), only two gates, Porta del Ponte and Porta Rimini, and a short section remain.
Birthplace of Gioachino Rossini: now a museum dedicated to the composer, located at 34 Via Rossini. It has a museum with manifestos, prints, portraits and his spinet. Also some of his papers are on display at the Biblioteca della Fondazione Rossini housed in the Palazzo Montani Antaldi.
Conservatorio Statale di Musica Gioachino Rossini: located in the 18th century Palazzo Olivieri–Machirelli on the Piazza Oliveri.
Musei Civici di Palazzo Mosca: civic museum which contains mainly paintings and ceramics. Among the art is the Pesaro Altarpiece by Giovanni Bellini.
Oliveriano Archeologic Museum and Oliveriana Library:<ref>Oliveriano Museum http://www.euromuse.net/en/museums/museum/view-m/museo-archeologico-oliveriano</ref> archaeological Collection and Manuscript Library; founded in 1756 by Annibale degli Abati Olivieri.
Villino Ruggeri: notable early 20th century art nouveau home, designed by Giuseppe Brega.

Churches and other religious buildingsEdit

Pesaro Cathedral (5th-14th centuries): Romanesque-Gothic Basilica built over remains of a late Roman edifice and dedicated to St Terence during the Middle Ages. The façade, in Romanesque-Gothic style, is unfinished: it has a simple ogival portal surmounted by a band of small arches. A recent restoration has brought to light floor mosaics.
The Baroque Sanctuary of Beata Vergine del Carmelo (18th century).
Church of the Maternità
Santissima Annunziata
Oratory of the Nome di Dio
San Giacomo
San Giovanni Battista
Sant'Agostino
Santa Lucia
Municipal Chapel of Sant'Ubaldo
Church and Convent of the Girolimini
Madonna del Porto
Santa Maria delle Grazie
Pieve di Ginestreto
Pieve di Santo Stefano
Santa Veneranda
Sacred Grove of Lucus Pisaurensis, pre-Roman era sacerdotal lucus

Cultural events and attractionsEdit

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Carnival of Pesaro

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The Pesaro film festival (Mostra Internazionale del Nuovo Cinema) has taken place in Pesaro since 1965.<ref name="pff">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Rossini Opera Festival has taken place every summer since 1980 in Pesaro, home as well as the Conservatorio Statale di Musica "Gioachino Rossini" founded with a legacy from the composer. Template:Further

SportEdit

Pesaro hosts the home games of Victoria Libertas basketball; they play at the Adriatic Arena, the third biggest Italian indoor arena behind Mediolanum Forum in Milan and PalaLottomatica in Rome.

The city's other professional sports clubs are futsal club Pesaro Calcio a 5, volleyball club Volley Pesaro and football club Vis Pesaro dal 1898.

The city hosted the 2017 Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships.

Notable peopleEdit

Anna Maria Alberghetti (born 1936), singer and actress
Massimo Ambrosini (born 1977), footballer
Pasquale Bini (1716–1770), violinist
Antonello Bonci, neuroscientist
Francesco Braschi (born 2004), racing driver
Roberto Burioni (born 1962), physician and professor of microbiology and virology
Bartolomeo Campi (died 1573), artist and military engineer
Stefano Gabellini (born 1965), racing driver
Camilla Guerrieri (1628–after 1693), court painter<ref name="Benezit-2011">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Giovanni Francesco Guerrieri (1589–1655), painter
Matilde Leonardi, neurologist and paediatrician
Filippo Magnini (born 1982), swimmer
Gianni Morbidelli (born 1968), Formula 1 driver
Cristiano Mozzati, drummer for Lacuna Coil
Luca Nardi (born 2003), professional tennis player
Riz Ortolani (1926–2014), film composer
Angelo Romani (1934–2003), Olympic swimmer
Graziano Rossi (born 1954), motorcycle racer, father of Valentino Rossi
Gioachino Antonio Rossini (1792–1868), composer
Dorino Serafini (1909–2000), motorcycle racer and racing driver
Giovanni Sforza (1466–1510), condottiero and first husband of Lucrezia Borgia
Renata Tebaldi (1922–2004), operatic soprano
Giuseppe Vaccai (1836–1912), painter
Gaius Suetonius Paulinus (~40 AD), Roman General and Governor of Britain

International relationsEdit

Twin towns – sister citiesEdit

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