Podoviridae
Template:Short description Template:Cs1 config Template:Virusbox Podoviridae was a family of bacteriophage in the order Caudovirales often associated with T-7 like phages.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite journal</ref> The family and order Caudovirales have now been abolished, with the term podovirus now used to refer to the morphology of viruses in this former family.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> There were 130 species in this family, assigned to 3 subfamilies and 52 genera.<ref name=ViralZone>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=ICTV>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This family was characterized by having very short, noncontractile tails. Many former phages in the former family Podoviriade are now classified in the Autographiviridae
StructureEdit
Viruses in the former family Podoviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and head-tail geometries. The diameter is around 60 nm,<ref name=ViralZone/> and consists of 72 capsomers. The head protein has a molecular mass of ~38 kilodaltons and is present in 460 copies per virion. There are 9 structural proteins. The tail is non-contractile and has 6 short subterminal fibers. It is thick and rod-shaped and built of stacked disks. The maximum length is ~17 nm.Template:Cn
The double stranded DNA genome is linear, around 40-42kb in length,<ref name=ViralZone/> and encodes ~55 genes. The guanine + cytosine content is ~50%. It has terminally redundant sequences and is nonpermuted. By weight, the genome constitutes ~50% of the viron. The genome encodes 9 structural proteins, an adenylated transferase B type DNA polymerase and an RNA polymerase. Three internal proteins constitute the polymerase complex. Two classes of genes are recognized (early and late). This classification is based on the timing of transcription that is temporally regulated. Genes with related functions are clustered together. Genome replication is bidirectional.Template:Cn
Life cycleEdit
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and holin/endolysin/spanin proteins. Bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.<ref name=ViralZone/> Phage infection is considered self-dosing thus self-limiting. After host lysis, new phages trigger a new infection cycle with surrounding bioavailable host species resulting in growth and expansion.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
TaxonomyEdit
Genera within this family have ~40% identity between corresponding proteins. Subfamilies have ~20% identity between corresponding proteins.
The following subfamilies and their genera are recognized (-virinae denotes subfamily and -virus denotes genus):<ref name=ICTV />
The following genera are not assigned to a subfamily:<ref name=ICTV /> Template:Div col
- Anjalivirus
- Astrithrvirus
- Badaztecvirus
- Bjornvirus
- Bruynoghevirus
- Burrovirus
- Chopinvirus
- Cimandefvirus
- Delislevirus
- Dybvigvirus
- Enhodamvirus
- Enquatrovirus
- Fipvunavirus
- Firingavirus
- Gervaisevirus
- Giessenvirus
- Hollowayvirus
- Jasminevirus
- Kafunavirus
- Kelquatrovirus
- Kochitakasuvirus
- Kozyakovvirus
- Krylovvirus
- Kuravirus
- Lahexavirus
- Lastavirus
- Lederbergvirus
- Lessievirus
- Lightbulbvirus
- Myxoctovirus
- Pagevirus
- Parlovirus
- Perisivirus
- Privateervirus
- Rauchvirus
- Ryyoungvirus
- Schmidvirus
- Sendosyvirus
- Skarprettervirus
- Sortsnevirus
- Uetakevirus
- Vicosavirus
- Wumpquatrovirus
- Wumptrevirus
- Xuquatrovirus
Lastly, the species Pseudomonas virus 119X is unassigned to a genus or subfamily.<ref name=ICTV />