Population growth

File:Population-growth-rate-2023-OWID.png

Population growth rate (2023, Our World in Data)<ref name="i857">Template:Cite journal</ref>

File:Absolute increase in global population per year, OWID.svg

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Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to 8.2 billion in 2025.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Actual global human population growth amounts to around 70 million annually, or 0.85% per year. As of 2024, The United Nations projects that global population will peak in the mid-2080s at around 10.3 billion. The UN's estimates have decreased strongly in recent years due to sharp declines in global birth rates.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Others have challenged many recent population projections as having underestimated population growth.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

The world human population has been growing since the end of the Black Death, around the year 1350.<ref name=":4" /> A mix of technological advancement that improved agricultural productivity<ref>Hopfenberg, Russell. "An expansion of the demographic transition model: the dynamic link between agricultural productivity and population." Biodiversity 15.4 (2014): 246–254.</ref> and sanitation and medical advancement that reduced mortality increased population growth. In some geographies, this has slowed through the process called the demographic transition, where many nations with high standards of living have seen a significant slowing of population growth. This is in direct contrast with less developed contexts, where population growth is still happening.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Globally, the rate of population growth has declined from a peak of 2.2% per year in 1963.<ref name=":5">Template:Cite journal</ref>

Population growth alongside increased consumption is a driver of environmental concerns, such as biodiversity loss and climate change,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> due to overexploitation of natural resources for human development.<ref>United Nations Environment Programme (2021). Making Peace with Nature: A scientific blueprint to tackle the climate, biodiversity and pollution emergencies. Nairobi. https://www.unep.org/resources/making-peace-nature</ref> International policy focused on mitigating the impact of human population growth is concentrated in the Sustainable Development Goals which seeks to improve the standard of living globally while reducing the impact of society on the environment while advancing human well-being.Template:Citation needed

citation

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Years passed	Year	Pop. (billions)
–	1800	1
127	1927	2
33	1960	3
14	1974	4
13	1987	5
12	1999	6
12	2011	7
11	2022	8
12	2035*	9
20	2055*	10
35	2088*	11
*World Population Prospects 2017 (United Nations Population Division)

History

File:Human population since 1800.png

World human population estimates from 1800 to 2100, with estimated range of future population after 2020 based on "high" and "low" scenarios. Data from the United Nations projections in 2019.

File:Population curve.svg

Estimated size of human population from 10,000 BCE to 2000 CE

World population has been rising continuously since the end of the Black Death, around the year 1350.<ref name=":4">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Population began growing rapidly in the Western world during the industrial revolution. The most significant increase in the world's population has been since the 1950s, mainly due to medical advancements<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and increases in agricultural productivity.<ref>Armelagos, George J., Alan H. Goodman, and Kenneth H. Jacobs. "The origins of agriculture: Population growth during a period of declining health." Population and Environment 13.1 (1991): 9-22.</ref><ref>Taiz, Lincoln. "Agriculture, plant physiology, and human population growth: past, present, and future." Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology 25 (2013): 167-181.</ref>

Haber process

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Due to its dramatic impact on the human ability to grow food, the Haber process, named after one of its inventors, the German chemist Fritz Haber, served as the "detonator of the population explosion", enabling the global population to increase from 1.6 billion in 1900 to 7.7 billion by November 2019.<ref name="Smil 1999">Template:Cite journal</ref>

Thomas McKeown hypotheses

Some of the reasons for the "Modern Rise of Population"<ref name=":12">Template:Cite book</ref> were particularly investigated by the British health scientist Thomas McKeown (1912–1988). In his publications, McKeown challenged four theories about the population growth:

1. McKeown stated that the growth in Western population, particularly surging in the 19th century, was not so much caused by an increase in fertility, but largely by a decline of mortality particularly of childhood mortality followed by infant mortality,<ref name=":02">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=":2">Template:Cite journal</ref>
2. The decline of mortality could largely be attributed to rising standards of living, whereby McKeown put most emphasis on improved nutritional status,
3. McKeown questioned the effectiveness of public health measures, including sanitary reforms, vaccination and quarantine,<ref name=":1">Template:Cite journal</ref>
4. The “McKeown thesis" states that curative medicine measures played little role in mortality decline, not only prior to the mid-20th century<ref name=":02" /> but also until well into the 20th century.<ref name=":3">Template:Cite journal</ref>

Although the McKeown thesis has been heavily disputed, recent studies have confirmed the value of his ideas.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> His work is pivotal for present day thinking about population growth, birth control, public health and medical care. McKeown had a major influence on many population researchers, such as health economists and Nobel prize winners Robert W. Fogel (1993) and Angus Deaton (2015). The latter considered McKeown as "the founder of social medicine".<ref name=":14">Template:Cite book</ref>

Growth rate models

The "population growth rate" is the rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time period, expressed as a fraction of the initial population. Specifically, population growth rate refers to the change in population over a unit time period, often expressed as a percentage of the number of individuals in the population at the beginning of that period. This can be written as the formula, valid for a sufficiently small time interval:

<math>Population\ growth\ rate = \frac{ P(t_2) - P(t_1)} {P(t_1)(t_2-t_1)}</math>

A positive growth rate indicates that the population is increasing, while a negative growth rate indicates that the population is decreasing. A growth ratio of zero indicates that there were the same number of individuals at the beginning and end of the period—a growth rate may be zero even when there are significant changes in the birth rates, death rates, immigration rates, and age distribution between the two times.<ref>Association of Public Health Epidemiologists in Ontario Template:Webarchive</ref>

A related measure is the net reproduction rate. In the absence of migration, a net reproduction rate of more than 1 indicates that the population of females is increasing, while a net reproduction rate less than one (sub-replacement fertility) indicates that the population of females is decreasing.

Most populations do not grow exponentially, rather they follow a logistic model. Once the population has reached its carrying capacity, it will stabilize and the exponential curve will level off towards the carrying capacity, which is usually when a population has depleted most its natural resources.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref> In the world human population, growth may be said to have been following a linear trend throughout the last few decades.<ref name=":5" />

File:Logistic growth graph (population ecology).JPG

The logistic growth of a population

Logistic equation

The growth of a population can often be modelled by the logistic equation<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

<math>\frac{dP}{dt}=rP\left(1-\frac{P}{K}\right),</math>

where

• <math>P(t)</math> = the population after time t;
• <math>t</math> = time a population grows;
• <math>r</math> = the relative growth rate coefficient;
• <math>K</math> = the carrying capacity of the population; defined by ecologists as the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain.<ref name=":0" />

As it is a separable differential equation, the population may be solved explicitly, producing a logistic function:

<math>P(t)=\frac{K}{1+Ae^{-rt}}</math>,

where <math>A=\frac{K-P_0}{P_0}</math> and <math>P_0</math> is the initial population at time 0.

Global population growth rate

File:Countriesbyfertilityrate.svg

A world map showing global variations in fertility rate per woman according to the CIA World Factbook's 2021 data Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Col-break Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Col-end

File:World population (UN).svg

Estimates of population evolution in different continents between 1950 and 2050 according to the United Nations. The vertical axis is logarithmic and is in millions of people. (2011)

File:World population growth rate 1950–2050.svg

World population growth rates between 1950 and 2050

The world population growth rate peaked in 1963 at 2.2% per year and subsequently declined.<ref name=":5" /> In 2017, the estimated annual growth rate was 1.1%.<ref name="U.S. Census Bureau, January 2010">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The CIA World Factbook gives the world annual birthrate, mortality rate, and growth rate as 1.86%, 0.78%, and 1.08% respectively.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The last 100 years have seen a massive fourfold increase in the population, due to medical advances, lower mortality rates, and an increase in agricultural productivity made possible by the Green Revolution.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The annual increase in the number of living humans peaked at 88.0 million in 1989, then slowly declined to 73.9 million in 2003, after which it rose again to 75.2 million in 2006. In 2017, the human population increased by 83 million.<ref name="U.S. Census Bureau, January 2010"/> Generally, developed nations have seen a decline in their growth rates in recent decades, though annual growth rates remain above 2% in some countries of the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa, and also in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Latin America.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In some countries the population is declining, especially in Eastern Europe, mainly due to low fertility rates, high death rates and emigration. In Southern Africa, growth is slowing due to the high number of AIDS-related deaths. Some Western Europe countries might also experience population decline.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Japan's population began decreasing in 2005.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The United Nations Population Division projects world population to reach 11.2 billion by the end of the 21st century. The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation projects that the global population will peak in 2064 at 9.73 billion and decline to 8.89 billion in 2100. <ref name="ihme">Template:Cite journal </ref> A 2014 study in Science concludes that the global population will reach 11 billion by 2100, with a 70% chance of continued growth into the 22nd century.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name = Science>Template:Cite journal</ref> The German Foundation for World Population reported in December 2019 that the global human population grows by 2.6 people every second, and could reach 8 billion by 2023.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Growth by country

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File:Comparing Population Growth By Country's Development, 2002.svg

The majority of world population growth today is occurring in less developed countries.

According to United Nations population statistics, the world population grew by 30%, or 1.6 billion humans, between 1990 and 2010.<ref name="UN">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In number of people the increase was highest in India (350 million) and China (196 million). Population growth rate was among highest in the United Arab Emirates (315%) and Qatar (271%).<ref name="UN" />

Growth rates of the world's most populous countries

Rank	Country	Population			Annual Growth (%)
		1990	2010	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	1990–2010	2010–2020
	World	5,306,425,000	6,895,889,000	7,503,828,180	1.3%	0.8%
1	Template:Flagicon China	1,139,060,000	1,341,335,000	1,384,688,986	0.8%	0.3%
2	Template:Flagicon India	873,785,000	1,224,614,000	1,333,000,000	1.7%	0.9%
3	Template:Flagicon United States	253,339,000	310,384,000	329,256,465	1.0%	0.6%
4	Template:Flagicon Indonesia	184,346,000	239,871,000	262,787,403	1.3%	0.9%
5	Template:Flagicon Brazil	149,650,000	194,946,000	208,846,892	1.3%	0.7%
6	Template:Flagicon Pakistan	111,845,000	173,593,000	207,862,518	2.2%	1.8%
7	Template:Flagicon Nigeria	97,552,000	158,423,000	203,452,505	2.5%	2.5%
8	Template:Flagicon Bangladesh	105,256,000	148,692,000	159,453,001	1.7%	0.7%
9	Template:Flagicon Russia	148,244,000	142,958,000	142,122,776	−0.2%	−0.1%
10	Template:Flagicon Japan	122,251,000	128,057,000	126,168,156	0.2%	−0.1%

Many of the world's countries, including many in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, South Asia and South East Asia, have seen a sharp rise in population since the end of the Cold War. The fear is that high population numbers are putting further strain on natural resources, food supplies, fuel supplies, employment, housing, etc. in some of the less fortunate countries. For example, the population of Chad has ultimately grown from 6,279,921 in 1993 to 10,329,208 in 2009,<ref name="cia"/> further straining its resources. Vietnam, Mexico, Nigeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, and the DRC are witnessing a similar growth in population.

The following table gives some example countries or territories:

Country/territory	Population in					Life expectancy in years (2008)	Total population growth from 1960s to 2007–2011
	1967	1990	1994	2002	2008
Template:Flagicon Eritrea*	N/A*	N/A*	3,437,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	4,298,269	5,673,520<ref name="Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division 2009" />	61<ref name="ModernSchool">'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', Template:ISBN.</ref>	2,236,520
Template:Flagicon Ethiopia*	23,457,000*<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas">The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, Template:ISBN</ref>	50,974,000* <ref name="ReferenceC">The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, Template:ISBN</ref>	54,939,000<ref name="collins student atlas">The British Collins Longman Student Atlas, the 1996 and in 1998 publications, Template:ISBN for the 1998 edition, Template:ISBN for the 1996 edition</ref>	67,673,031(2003)	79,221,000<ref name="csa.gov.et">Ethiopia Central Statistics Office -- Population Projection for mid-2008 Template:Webarchive</ref>	55<ref name="ModernSchool"/>	55,764,000
Template:Flagicon Sudan	14,355,000†<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	25,204,000† <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	27,361,000†<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	38,114,160 (2003)†	42,272,000†<ref name="Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division 2009" />	50†<ref name="ModernSchool"/>	27,917,000
Template:Flagicon Chad	3,410,000<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	5,679,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	6,183,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	9,253,493(2003)	10,329,208 (2009)<ref name="cia"/>	47<ref name="ModernSchool"/>	6,919,205
Template:Flagicon Niger	3,546,000<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	7,732,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	8,846,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	10,790,352 (2001)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || 44<ref name="ModernSchool"/>|| 11,760,252
Template:Flagicon Nigeria	61,450,000<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	88,500,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	108,467,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	129,934,911	citation	CitationClass=web }} NB: The preliminary results of the National population census in Guinea-Bissau put the figure at 1,449,230, according to email information by the Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisa, Bissau.</ref> || 47<ref name="ModernSchool"/>|| 96,809,000
Template:Flagicon Mali	4,745,000<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	8,156,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	10,462,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	11,340,480	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || 50<ref name="ModernSchool"/>|| 9,772,176
Template:Flagicon Mauritania	1,050,000<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	2,025,000 <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	2,211,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	2,667,859 (2003)	3,291,000 (2009)<ref name="cia"/>	54<ref name="ModernSchool"/>	2,241,000
Template:Flagicon Senegal	3,607,000<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	7,327,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	8,102,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	9,967,215	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || 57<ref name="ModernSchool"/>|| 10,104,597
Template:Flagicon Gambia	343,000<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	861,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	1,081,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	1,367,124 (2000)	1,705,000<ref name="Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division 2009"/>	55<ref name="ModernSchool"/>	1,362,000
Template:Flagicon Algeria	11,833,126 <ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	25,012,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	27,325,000 <ref name="collins student atlas"/>	32,818,500 (2003)	citation	CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore</ref> || 74<ref name="ModernSchool"/>|| 23,061,874
Template:Flagicon The DRC/Zaire	16,353,000<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	35,562,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	42,552,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	55,225,478 (2003)	70,916,439 <ref name="csa.gov.et"/><ref name="cia.govx">The World Factbook- Congo, Democratic Republic of the. Central Intelligence Agency.</ref>	54<ref name="ModernSchool"/>	54,563,439
Template:Flagicon Egypt	30,083,419 <ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	53,153,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	58,326,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	70,712,345 (2003)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || 72<ref name="ModernSchool"/>|| 49,006,231
Template:Flagicon Réunion (overseas region of France)	418,000<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	N/A<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	N/A<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	720,934 (2003)	827,000 (2009) <ref name="Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division 2009" />	N/A<ref name="ModernSchool"/>	409,000
Template:Flagicon Falkland Islands (British Overseas Territory)	2,500<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	N/A<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	N/A<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	2,967 (2003)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	N/A<ref name="ModernSchool"/>	640
Template:Flagicon Chile	8,935,500<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	13,173,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	13,994,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	15,116,435	17,224,200 (2011)	77<ref name="ModernSchool"/>	8,288,700
Template:Flagicon Colombia	19,191,000<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	32,987,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	34,520,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	41,088,227	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || 73<ref name="ModernSchool"/>|| 26,734,397
Template:Flagicon Brazil	85,655,000<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	150,368,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	153,725,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	174,468,575 (2000)	190,732,694 (2010) <ref>IBGE. Censo 2010: população do Brasil é de 190.732.694 pessoas.</ref>	72<ref name="ModernSchool"/>	105,077,694
Template:Flagicon Mexico	45,671,000<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	86,154,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	93,008,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	103,400,165 (2000)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || 76<ref name="ModernSchool"/>|| 66,651,757
Template:Flagicon Fiji	476,727 (1966)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	765,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	771,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	844,330 (2001)	849,000<ref name="unpop"/> (2010)	70<ref name="ModernSchool"/>	372,273
Template:Flagicon Nauru	6,050 <ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	10,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	N/A<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	12,329	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || N/A<ref name="ModernSchool"/>|| 3,272
Template:Flagicon Jamaica	1,876,000<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	2,420,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	2,429,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	2,695,867 (2003)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>(2010) || 74<ref name="ModernSchool"/>|| 971,232
Template:Flagicon Australia	11,540,764 <ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	17,086,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	17,843,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	19,546,792 (2003)	{{#expr: 22,579,660 + (86,400 / 97) * Template:Age in days round 0}}<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }} The population estimate shown is automatically calculated daily at 00:00 UTC and is based on data obtained from the population clock on the date shown in the citation.</ref> (2010) || 82<ref name="ModernSchool"/>|| 10,066,508
Template:Flagicon Albania	1,965,500 (1964)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	3,250,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	3,414,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	3,510,484	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || 78<ref name="ModernSchool"/>||1,021,452
Template:Flagicon Poland	31,944,000<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	38,180,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	38,554,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	38,626,349 (2001)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || 75<ref name="ModernSchool"/>|| 6,248,000
Template:Flagicon Hungary	10,212,000<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	10,553,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	10,261,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	10,106,017	9,979,000 (2010)<ref name="KSH">Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Retrieved 25 July 2010.</ref>	73<ref name="ModernSchool"/>	-142,000
Template:Flagicon Bulgaria	8,226,564 (1965)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	8,980,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	8,443,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	7,707,495(2000)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || 73<ref name="ModernSchool"/>|| -875,330
Template:Flagicon United Kingdom	55,068,000 (1966)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	57,411,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	58,091,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	58,789,194	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || 79<ref name="ModernSchool"/>|| 7,020,048
Template:Flagicon Ireland	2,884,002 (1966)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	3,503,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	3,571,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	3,840,838 (2000)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> (2010) || 78<ref name="ModernSchool"/>|| 1,586,698
Template:Flagicon People's Republic of China	720,000,000<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	1,139,060,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	1,208,841,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	1,286,975,468 (2004)	1,339,724,852 (2010)<ref name="Census2010">Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census Template:Webarchive</ref>	73<ref name="ModernSchool"/>	619,724,852
Template:Flagicon Japan‡	98,274,961 (1965)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	123,537,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	124,961,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	127,333,002	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || 82<ref name="ModernSchool"/>|| 28,123,865
Template:Flagicon India#	511,115,000<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	843,931,000<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	918,570,000<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	1,028,610,328 (2001)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || 69<ref name="ModernSchool"/>|| 699,078,422
Template:Flagicon Singapore	1,956,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	3,003,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	2,930,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	4,452,732 (2002)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || 82 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />||3,120,700
Template:Flagicon Monaco	24,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	29,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	N/A (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	31,842 (2000)	35,586<ref>Monaco, The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 7 June 2010.</ref> (2010)	(2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />	11,586
Template:Flagicon Greece	8,716,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	10,123,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	10,426,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>|| 11,305,118 (2011)<ref name="Eurostat">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || N/A (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />|| 2,589,118
Template:Flagicon Faroe Islands (Danish dependency)	38,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	N/A (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	N/A (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	46,345 (2000)	citation	CitationClass=web }} (Faroese)</ref> || N/A (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />||18,917
Template:Flagicon Liechtenstein	20,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	29,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	N/A (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	33,307 (2000)	35,789 (2009)<ref>Bevölkerungsstatistik 30. Juni 2009 Template:Webarchive, Landesverwaltung Liechtenstein.</ref>	(2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />	15,789
Template:Flagicon South Korea	29,207,856 (1966)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	42,793,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	44,453,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	48,324,000 (2003)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />||19,667,144
Template:Flagicon North Korea	12,700,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	21,773,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	23,483,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	22,224,195 (2002)	24,051,218 (2010)<ref name="unfpa">Template:Cite news</ref>	(2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />	11,351,218
Template:Flagicon Brunei	107,200 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	266,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	280,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	332,844 (2001)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || 76 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />||306,609
Template:Flagicon Malaysia	10,671,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	17,861,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	19,489,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	21,793,293 (2002)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />||16,894,821
Template:Flagicon Thailand	32,680,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	57,196,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	59,396,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>||63,878,267 (2011)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />|| 31,198,267
Template:Flagicon Lebanon	2,520,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	2,701,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	2,915,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> (2003)||4,224,000<ref name="Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division 2009" /> (2009) || - (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />||
Template:Flagicon Syria	5,600,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	12,116,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	13,844,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	17,585,540 (2003)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || -(2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />||
Template:Flagicon Bahrain	182,00 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	503,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	549,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	667,238 (2003)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> (2010) || 75 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />||
Template:Flagicon Sri Lanka	11,741,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	16,993,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	17,685,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	19,607,519 (2002)	20,238,000<ref name="unpop" /> (2009)	- (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />
Template:Flagicon Switzerland	6,050,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	6.712,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	6,994,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	7,261,200 (2002)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> (2010) || - (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />||
Template:Flagicon Luxembourg	335,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	381,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	401,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	439,539 (2001)	511,840 (2011)<ref>"Population: 511 840 habitants au 1er janvier 2011", Le Portail des statistiques: Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, 3 May 2011. Template:In lang Retrieved 4 May 2011.</ref>	- (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />
Template:Flagicon Romania	19,105,056 (1966)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	23,200,000 (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	22,736,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	21,680,974 (2002)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> (2011) || - (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />||
Template:Flagicon Niue (associated state of New Zealand)	1,900 (1966)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	N/A (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	N/A (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	2,134 (2002)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || N/A (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />|| -502
Template:Flagicon Tokelau (New Zealand territory)	5,194 (1966)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	N/A (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	N/A (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	1,445 (2001)	1,416 (2009)	N/A (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />	-3,778
Template:Flagicon Jamaica	1,876,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	2,420,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	2,429,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	2,695,867 (2003)	2,847,232<ref name="cia.gov1"/> (2010)	74 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />	971,232
Template:Flagicon Argentina	32,031,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	32,322,000 (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	34,180,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	37,812,817 (2002)	40,091,359 (2010)	74 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />	8,060,359
Template:Flagicon France	49,890,660 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	56,440,000 (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	57,747,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	59,551,000 (2001)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || 81 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />||
Template:Flagicon Italy	52,334,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	57,662,000 (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	57,193,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	56,995,744 (2002)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> (2011) || 80 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />||
Template:Flagicon Mauritius	774,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	1,075,000 (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	1,104,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	1,179,137 (2000)	1,288,000 (2009)<ref name="unpop" />	75 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />	514,000
Template:Flagicon Guatemala	4,717,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	9,197,000 (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	10,322,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	12,974,361 (2000)	13,276,517 (2009)	70 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />	8,559,517
Template:Flagicon Cuba	8,033,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	10,609,000 (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	10,960,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	11,177,743 (2002)	11,239,363 (2009)<ref name="cubastat">Anuario Estadístico de Cuba 2009. Edición 2010 Template:Webarchive, Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas, República de Cuba. Accessed on Template:Nowrap, 2010. Note: An exchange rate of 1 CUC to 1.08 USD was used to convert GDP.[1]</ref>	77 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />
Template:Flagicon Barbados	246,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	255,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	261,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	250,012 (2001)	284,589 (2010)<ref name="cia">Barbados: People. World Factbook of CIA</ref>	73 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />	18,589
Template:Flagicon Samoa	131,377 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	164,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	164,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	178,173 (2003)	179,000 (2009)<ref name="Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division 2009" />	N/A (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />
Template:Flagicon Sweden	7,765,981 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	8,559,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	8,794,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	8,920,705 (2002)	9,354,462 (2009)	81 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />
Template:Flagicon Finland	4,664,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	4,986,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	5,095,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	5,175,783 (2002)	5,374,781 (2010)	N/A (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />
Template:Flagicon Portugal	9,440,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	10,525,000 (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	9,830,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	10,355,824 (2001)	10,647,763<ref>Pordata, "Base de Dados Portugal Contemporâneo". Accessed on 7 March 2011.</ref> (2011)	N/A (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />
Template:Flagicon Austria	7,323,981 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	7,712,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	8,031,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	8,032,926 (2001)	8,404,252 (2011)	N/A (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />
Template:Flagicon Libya	1,738,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	4,545,000 (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	5,225,000(1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	5,499,074 (2002)	6,420,000 (2009)<ref name="Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division 2009" />	77 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />
Template:Flagicon Peru	12,385,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	21,550,000 (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	23,080,000(1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	27,949,639 (2002)	29,496,000 (2010)	70 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />
Template:Flagicon Guinea Bissau	528,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	965,000 (1990) <ref name="ReferenceC"/>	1,050,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	1,345,479 (2002)	1,647,000<ref name="Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division 2009" /> (2009)	48 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />
Template:Flagicon Angola	5,203,066 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	10,020,000 (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	10,674,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	10,766,500 (2003)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> (2009) || 38 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />||
Template:Flagicon Equatorial Guinea	277,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	348,000 (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	389,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	474,214 (2000)	676,000 (2009)<ref name="unpop" />	61 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />
Template:Flagicon Benin	2,505,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	4,736,000 (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	5,246,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	8,500,500 (2002)	8,791,832 (2009)	59 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />
Template:Flagicon Laos	2,770,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	4,139,000 (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	4,742,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	5,635,967 (2002)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> (2011)|| 56 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />||
Template:Flagicon Nepal	10,500,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	18,961,000 (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	21,360,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	25,284,463 (2002)	29,331,000<ref name="unpop" /> (2009)	- (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />
Template:Flagicon Iran	25,781,090 (1966)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	54,608,000 (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	59,778,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	66,622,704 (2002)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> || 71 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />||49,548,910
Template:Flagicon Canada	20,014,880 (1966)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	26,603,000 (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	29,248,000(1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	31,081,900 (2001)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>||81 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />||
Template:Flagicon United States	199,118,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	249,995,000 (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	260,650,00(1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	281,421,906 (2000)	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>|| 78 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />||
Template:Flagicon Uganda	7,931,000 (1967)<ref name="ReferenceOxford Atlas"/>	18,795,000 (1990)<ref name="ReferenceC"/>	20,621,000 (1994)<ref name="collins student atlas"/>	24,227,297 (2002)	32,369,558 (2009)	52 (2008)<ref name="ModernSchool" />

Notes

* Eritrea left Ethiopia in 1991.

† Split into the nations of Sudan and South Sudan during 2011.

‡ Japan and the Ryukyu Islands merged in 1972.

# India and Sikkim merged in 1975.

Population growth 1990–2012 (%)<ref name=IEAco-2014>CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Template:Webarchive Population 1971–2014 IEA (PDF Page 74, marked page 72)</ref>
Africa	73.3%
Middle East	68.2%
Asia (excl. China)	42.8%
China	19.0%
OECD Americas	27.9%
Non-OECD Americas	36.6%
OECD Europe	11.5%
OECD Asia Oceania	11.1%
Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia	−0.8%

See also

• Demographic history
• Demographic transition
• Density dependence
• Ecological overshoot
• Epidemiological transition
• Human population planning
• Irruptive growth
• Overshoot (population)
• Population ageing
• Population decline
• Population density
• World population
• Estimates of historical world population
• Zero population growth

External links

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