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PostGIS

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PostGIS (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell) is an open source software program that adds support for geographic objects to the PostgreSQL object-relational database. PostGIS follows the Simple Features for SQL specification from the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC).

PostGIS is implemented as a PostgreSQL external extension.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

FeaturesEdit

  • Geometry types for Points, LineStrings, Polygons, MultiPoints, MultiLineStrings, MultiPolygons, GeometryCollections, 3D types TINS and polyhedral surfaces, including solids.
  • Spheroidal types under the geography datatype Points, LineStrings, Polygons, MultiPoints, MultiLineStrings, MultiPolygons and GeometryCollections.
  • raster type - supports various pixel types and more than 1000 bands per raster. Since PostGIS 3, is a separate PostgreSQL extension called postgis_raster.
  • SQL/MM Topology support - via PostgreSQL extension postgis_topology.
  • Spatial predicates for determining the interactions of geometries using the 3x3 DE-9IM (provided by the GEOS software library).
  • Spatial operators for determining geospatial measurements like area, distance, length and perimeter.
  • Spatial operators for determining geospatial set operations, like union, difference, symmetric difference and buffers (provided by GEOS).
  • R-tree-over-GiST (Generalized Search Tree) spatial indexes for high speed spatial querying.
  • Index selectivity support, to provide high performance query plans for mixed spatial/non-spatial queries.

The PostGIS implementation is based on "light-weight" geometries and indexes optimized to reduce disk and memory footprint. Using light-weight geometries helps servers increase the amount of data migrated up from physical disk storage into RAM, improving query performance substantially.

PostGIS is registered as "implements the specified standard" for "Simple Features for SQL" by the OGC.<ref>OGC Implementing Product Details Open Geospatial Consortium</ref> PostGIS has not been certified as compliant by the OGC.

HistoryEdit

Template:Cquote Refractions Research released the first version of PostGIS in 2001 under the GNU General Public License. After six release candidates, a stable "1.0" version followed on April 19, 2005.

In 2006 the OGC registered PostGIS as "implement[ing] the specified standard" for "Simple Features for SQL".<ref name="history">PostGIS History</ref>

Release history (as of 29th September 2024)
Release First release Latest minor version Latest release
1.0 2005-04-19 Template:Version 2005-12-06<ref>PostGIS 1.0.6 Released</ref>
1.1 2005-12-21 Template:Version 2007-01-31<ref name="history" />
1.2 2006-12-08 Template:Version 2007-01-11<ref>PostGIS 1.2.1 Release</ref>
1.3 2007-08-09 Template:Version 2009-05-06<ref>PostGIS 1.3.6 Release</ref>
1.4 2009-07-24 Template:Version 2010-03-11<ref>PostGIS 1.4.2 Release</ref>
1.5 2010-02-04 Template:Version 2012-11-15<ref>PostGIS 1.5.8 Released</ref>
2.0 2012-04-03 Template:Version 2015-04-06<ref>PostGIS 2.0.7 and 2.1.7 Released</ref>
2.1 2013-08-17 Template:Version 2017-09-19<ref>PostGIS 2.1.9 Released</ref>
2.2 2015-10-07 Template:Version 2018-11-22<ref>PostGIS 2.2.8 EOL</ref>
2.3 2016-09-26 Template:Version 2019-08-11<ref name="2019-08-11">PostGIS 3.0.0alpha4, 2.5.3, 2.4.8, 2.3.10 Released</ref>
2.4 2017-09-30 Template:Version 2022-04-24<ref name="2022-04-24">PostGIS 2.4.10 Released</ref>
2.5 2018-09-23 Template:Version 2022-11-12<ref name="2022-11-12">PostGIS 2.5.9 Released</ref>
3.0 2019-10-20 Template:Version citation CitationClass=web

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3.1 2020-12-18 Template:Version citation CitationClass=web

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3.2 2021-12-18 Template:Version citation CitationClass=web

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3.3 2023-05-29 Template:Version citation CitationClass=web

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3.4 2023-08-15 Template:Version citation CitationClass=web

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3.5 2025-01-18 Template:Version citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

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UsersEdit

Many software products can use PostGIS as a database backend, including:

See alsoEdit

Template:Portal

  • Well-known text and binary, descriptions of geospatial objects used within PostGIS
  • DE-9IM, the Dimensionally Extended nine-Intersection Model used by PostGIS

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

External linksEdit

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