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Protected areas of Tasmania

Article Discussion

Template:Use Australian English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Maplink Protected areas of Tasmania consist of protected areas located within Tasmania and its immediate onshore waters, including Macquarie Island. It includes areas of crown land (withheld land) managed by Tasmanian Government agencies as well as private reserves. As of 2016, 52% of Tasmania's land area has some form of reservation classification, the majority is managed by the Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service (about 42% of total Tasmanian land area). Marine protected areas cover about 7.9% of state waters.

Within each classification of reserve there may be a variation of IUCN categories Australia is a signatory to the Convention of Biological Diversity and as such has obligations to report the status of its National Reserve System.IUCN provides on its website a prescription for activities consistent with the categorisation system. Changes made to the Nature Conservation Act 2002 in 2014 permit timber harvesting. These changes made in addition to the already established right to access minerals means that many of the IUCN categorisations assigned to individual reserves in Tasmania are no longer fit for purpose. In addition many reserves have had their reserve status downgraded from a class excluding timber harvesting and mineral extraction to ones where these activities are now permitted. This mis-application of the IUCN protected area categories needs to be remedied or the reserves protected land class under the Nature Conservation Act 2002 should be adjusted to reflect its currently assigned IUCN category.

Legislation and managementEdit

  • Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service manages crown land reserved under the Nature Conservation Act 2002. The 10 classes of protected land are: conservation area, historic site, game reserve, national park, nature recreation area, nature reserve, regional reserve and state reserve.<ref name=NCA2002>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=PWSListings>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=CrownLandFAQ>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The National Parks and Reserves Management act 2002 determines the management objectives for each class.<ref name=NPARMA2002>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • 'Permanent timber production zone land' is crown land managed by Sustainable Timber Tasmania under the Forest Management Act 2013. It contains areas of informal reserves (e.g. landscape connectivity, streamside buffers, etc.)<ref name=CrownLandFAQ/><ref name=ForestryTasDefinitions/>
  • The Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment (DPIPWE) administers 'future potential production forest' crown land (formerly 'future reserve land') as defined in The Forestry (Rebuilding the Forest Industry) Act 2014.<ref name=RTI/><ref name=RebuildForestryGov/>
  • The Wellington Park Management Trust is outlined in the Wellington Park Act 1993.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Summary of area totalsEdit

At 30 June 2016, Tasmania's terrestrial reserves cover Template:Convert (about 50.1% of the area of Tasmania), of which Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service manages 823 reserves (about Template:Convert, or over 42% of the area of Tasmania).<ref name=PWSListings/><ref name=TasResEstate2016/>

The following table demonstrates the distribution of terrestrial protected areas as of June 2016, any marine areas are excluded. All protected areas not managed by Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service or Sustainable Timber Tasmania is grouped into "other", including: formal and informal reserves on public land, reserves on private land, and Wellington Park.<ref name=PWSListings/><ref name=ReserveSummaryList>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=TasResEstate2016/>

Operator Class or category Number Total area*
(ha) 		Percentage of all reserved area
TPWS Conservation area 438 622,000 18.2%
Game reserve 12 13,000 0.4%
Historic site 30 9,000 0.3%
National park 19 1,463,000 42.9%
Nature recreation area 25 67,000 2.0%
Nature reserves 86 35,000 1.0%
Regional reserves 148 454,000 13.3%
State reserves 65 46,000 1.4%
Total
managed by TPWS 		823 2,709,000 79.3%
STT Informal reserve Template:N/a 121,000 3.6%
DPIPWE Future potential production forest Template:N/a 392,000 11.5%
Other Other
not managed by TPWS or STT 		Template:N/a 192,000 5.6%
Template:N/a Total
of all Tasmanian reserved area 		Template:N/a 3,415,000 100%
*rounding to nearest 1,000 hectares
Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment is denoted by DPIPWE,
Sustainable Timber Tasmania by STT and Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service by TPWS

MarineEdit

Commonwealth marine reservesEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} There are several Commonwealth marine reserves in the vicinity of Tasmania, these reserves are not within state waters and are managed by the Australian government. All of the reserves are part of the South-east Commonwealth Marine Reserve Network which contains an additional 4 reserves.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

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Tasmanian marine protected areasEdit

Marine protected areas (MPAs) in Tasmanian state waters are classed as either conservation area, national park or nature reserve. Only the nature reserve or national park class have either restricted fishing or no take zones.<ref name=ParksMarine>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=DPIPWEFishing>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Of the approximately Template:Convert of marine protected areas, about Template:Convert is restricted fishing or no take, Macquarie Island (~Template:Convert) is a wholly no-take zone.<ref name=TasResEstate2016/>

In total 7.9% of Tasmania's State coastal waters is reserved, however only 4.2% is in no-take areas and the majority of this is concentrated around subantarctic Macquarie Island. Only 1.1% of Tasmania's immediate coastal waters are fully protected in no-take areas.<ref name=ParksMarine/>

Private reservesEdit

Reserves on private land is about 4% of the terrestrial protected areas in Tasmania.<ref name=TasResEstate2016/>

Conservation CovenantEdit

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Landowners may protect some areas of their land by entering into a Conservation Covenant which is legally binding under the Nature Conservation Act (2002) and is registered on the land title. Although usually in perpetuity, about 7%<ref name=TasResEstate2016/> of the covenant area in Tasmania is fixed-term.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In December 2016, there were 819 covenants covering an area of about Template:Convert.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Indigenous Protected AreasEdit

There are 8 Indigenous Protected Area in Tasmania, covering an area of about Template:Convert.<ref name=CAPAD2014/>

IUCN V Template:Div col

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IUCN VI Template:Div col

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Private sanctuariesEdit

Land reserved for the significant natural or cultural values while permitting the carrying out of agricultural or other activities consistent on preserving the values of the land.<ref name=NCA2002/>

Wellington ParkEdit

Wellington Park is the protected area which encompasses Mount Wellington and surrounds near Hobart. It is IUCN protected area category II and covers an area of about Template:Convert.<ref name=CAPAD2014/> It is managed by the Wellington Park Management Trust established in 1993 whose members include: Hobart and Glenorchy City Councils, Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service, DPIPWE, TasWater and Tourism Tasmania.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

State forestEdit

Future potential production forestEdit

'Future potential production forest land' (FPPF or FPPFL) is crown land administered by the Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment (DPIPWE) where, except in some circumstances for "special species timbers", no native forest harvesting can be undertaken. It was formally classified as 'future reserve land' (FRL) under the Tasmanian Forests Agreement. FPPF may be converted to 'permanent timber production zone land' (PTPZ or PTPZL) after 2020.<ref name=RTI>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=RebuildForestryGov>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

BackgroundEdit

The Tasmanian Forests Agreement which was passed in 2013<ref name=ConversationTFA>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> after almost 4 years of negotiations,<ref name=ABCRepeal/> categorised about Template:Convert of crown land native forest as FRL, which included areas of forests of the Styx, Weld, Upper Florentine, Great Western Tiers and Tarkine regions.<ref name=ConversationTFA/> The fate of FRL was dependent upon Tasmanian forest practices gaining Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the recent 2014 audit, Forestry Tasmania (now Sustainable Timber Tasmania) complied with 193 indicators, but needed further action on 10 more.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In September 2014 the Tasmanian government passed legislation<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which reclassified the 400,000 hectares of FRL as FPPF. After the expiration of the memorandum in April 2020, areas of FPPF can be converted to PTPZ where native forest logging can occur, subject to parliamentary approval. Until 2020, only limited "special species timber" harvesting can be undertaken in FPPF.<ref name=RebuildForestryGov /><ref name=ABCRepeal>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Permanent timber production zone landEdit

Sustainable Timber Tasmania is a government business enterprise owned by the Tasmanian Government which manages and operates state forest on crown land (officially classified as 'permanent timber production zone land'). Some of this land has informal protection and is managed for conservation as part of the Tasmanian CAR reserve system (e.g. habitat for threatened species, streamside protection, landscape connectivity).<ref name=ForestryTasDefinitions>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Informal reserves on the public production forest land cover about Template:Convert.<ref name=TasResEstate2016/>

Forest reservesEdit

Forest reserves are located on 'permanent timber production zone land' and may have recreation or other tourism facilities.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

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Conservation areasEdit

A protected area of land predominantly in a natural state. The sustainable use of natural resources may be permitted, such as mining, special species timber harvesting or hunting.<ref name=NCA2002/><ref name=TPWSCategories>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> There are 438 conservation areas covering a terrestrial area of about Template:Convert.<ref name=ReserveSummaryList/><ref name=TasResEstate2016>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Mostly IUCN protected area categories IV, V or VI.<ref name=CAPAD2014>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

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IUCN Ia or IbEdit

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IUCN IIEdit

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IUCN IIIEdit

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IUCN IVEdit

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IUCN VEdit

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IUCN VIEdit

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Marine conservation areasEdit

Conservation areas that are marine protected areas cover about Template:Convert of state waters,<ref name=ReserveSummaryList/><ref name=TasResEstate2016/> and are all IUCN protected area category VI.<ref name=CAPAD2014/> Marine conservation areas do not have any fishing restrictions.<ref name=DPIPWEFishing/>

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Game reservesEdit

An area of land conserved for containing natural values that are unique, important or have representative value; particularly games species and allowing the sustainable hunting these species.<ref name=NCA2002/><ref name=TPWSCategories/> There are 12 game reserves covering an area of about Template:Convert,<ref name=ReserveSummaryList/><ref name=TasResEstate2016/> all are IUCN protected area category VI.<ref name=CAPAD2014/>

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Historic sitesEdit

Land with significant historic cultural heritage and is conserved for presentation of these features for public appreciation and education.<ref name=NCA2002/><ref name=TPWSCategories/> There are 30 historic sites covering an area of about Template:Convert.<ref name=ReserveSummaryList/><ref name=TasResEstate2016/> Most are IUCN protected area category V.<ref name=CAPAD2014/>

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IUCN II

IUCN IV Template:Div col

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IUCN V Template:Div col

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National parksEdit

A national park in Tasmania is defined as a large natural area of land containing a representative or outstanding sample of major natural regions, features or scenery. National parks serve to protect and maintain the natural and cultural values of the area of land while providing for ecologically sustainable recreation.<ref name=NCA2002/><ref name=TPWSCategories/> There are 19 national parks covering a terrestrial area of about Template:Convert, the largest protected area category in Tasmania.<ref name=ReserveSummaryList/><ref name=TasResEstate2016/><ref name=CAPAD2014/>

IUCN Ia or Ib Template:Div col

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IUCN II Template:Div col

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National parks (marine)Edit

Three national parks also have a marine protected area component. These cover about Template:Convert of state waters.<ref name=ReserveSummaryList/><ref name=TasResEstate2016/>

Nature recreation areasEdit

Is predominantly in a natural state or contains sensitive natural sites of significance for recreation. Reserved for public recreation and education consistent with conserving the values of the area.<ref name=NCA2002/><ref name=TPWSCategories/> There are 25 nature recreation areas covering an area of about Template:Convert, mostly IUCN protected area category V.<ref name=ReserveSummaryList/><ref name=TasResEstate2016/><ref name=CAPAD2014/>

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IUCN III Template:Div col

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IUCN V Template:Div col

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IUCN VI Template:Div col

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Nature reservesEdit

An area of land that is conserved for the natural values that contribute to the natural biological or geological diversity of the area and are unique, important or have representative value.<ref name=NCA2002/><ref name=TPWSCategories/> There are 86 nature reserves covering a terrestrial area of about Template:Convert. Mostly IUCN protected area category Ia.<ref name=ReserveSummaryList/><ref name=TasResEstate2016/><ref name=CAPAD2014/>

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IUCN Ia Template:Div col

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IUCN V Template:Div col

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Marine nature reservesEdit

Nature reserves that are marine protected areas cover about Template:Convert of state waters (includes Macquarie Island).<ref name=ReserveSummaryList/><ref name=TasResEstate2016/>

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Regional reservesEdit

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May have also previously been known as forest reserves, a regional reserve is an area of land with a high mineral potential or prospectively and is predominantly in a natural state. The purpose of reservation is for mineral exploration and the development of mineral deposits and/or the controlled use of other natural resources, including special species timber harvesting, while protecting and maintaining the natural and cultural values.<ref name=NCA2002/><ref name=TPWSCategories/> There are 148 regional reserves covering an area of about Template:Convert, a majority are IUCN protected area category IV.<ref name=ReserveSummaryList/><ref name=TasResEstate2016/><ref name=CAPAD2014/>

IUCN III Template:Div col

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IUCN IV Template:Div col

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IUCN V Template:Div col

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IUCN VI Template:Div col

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State reservesEdit

An area of land which provides protection and maintenance for significant natural landscapes, features, or sites of significance to Aboriginal people.<ref name=NCA2002/><ref name=TPWSCategories/> There are 65 state reserves covering an area of about Template:Convert. Most are IUCN protected area category II or III.<ref name=ReserveSummaryList/><ref name=TasResEstate2016/><ref name=CAPAD2014/>

IUCN Ia Template:Div col

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IUCN II Template:Div col

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See alsoEdit

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NotesEdit

ReferencesEdit

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Further readingEdit

External linksEdit

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