Pumori
Template:Short description Template:Infobox mountain Template:Infobox Chinese Pumori (Template:Langx, Template:CJKV) (or Pumo Ri) is a mountain on the Nepal–China border in the Mahalangur section of the Himalayas. Pumori lies just eight kilometres west of Mount Everest. Pumori, meaning "the Mountain Daughter" in Sherpa language, was named by George Mallory. "Pumo" means young girl or daughter and "Ri" means mountain in Sherpa language.<ref name=Parekh1986/> Climbers sometimes refer to Pumori as "Everest's Daughter".<ref name=EverestNet2004/> Mallory also called it Clare Peak, after his daughter.
Pumori is a popular climbing peak. The easiest route is graded class 3, although with significant avalanche danger. Pumori was first climbed on May 17, 1962, by Gerhard Lenser on a German-Swiss expedition.<ref name=AAJ1963/> Two Czechs (Leopold Sulovský and Zdeněk Michalec) climbed a new route on the south face in the spring of 1996.<ref name=Simpson1999/>
An outlier of Pumori is Kala Patthar (Template:Convert), which appears as a brown bump below the south face of Pumori. Many trekkers going to see Mount Everest up close will attempt to climb to the top of Kala Patthar.
Trekking and mountaineeringEdit
Nearly 500 people had summitted Pumori by 2005, at a cost of 42 lives.<ref name=ExpWeb2008/> It was noted for its increasing popularity by 2008, with such features as being able to use the Everest base camp for Nepal (when occupied) when trekking or climbing Pumori and offering views of Tibet, Nepal and Everest.<ref name=ExpWeb2008/> However, there have been some dangers from avalanches including some Spanish climbing teams that took heavy losses (such as in 1989 and 2001),<ref name=ExpWeb2008/> and the 2015 avalanche, which was triggered by the 2015 earthquake, originated from the Pumori-Lingtren ridge.<ref name=ExpWeb2015/>
In 1982 a group climbing to Pumori also did a ski-hike around Everest.<ref name="The New York Times">Template:Cite news</ref> Jim Bridwell led the climbing expedition to Pumori.<ref name="The New York Times"/>
AscentsEdit
- 1962 first ascent by Gerhard Lenser of a German-Swiss expedition.
- 1974 West Face new route by Alpine Club Unpo, Japan, summit reached by Minoru Takagi and Nobuyaki Kaneko on Oct 13.<ref name=AAJ1975/>
- 1982 "Saphire Bullets of Pure Love" new route/first winter ascent by Jim Bridwell, summited by Bridwell, Janet Reynolds (first woman ascent<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>), Ned Gillette, January 6, Everest Grand Circle Expedition, book copyright 1985 Mountaineers Publishing, Seattle Washington
- 1986 East Face new route by Hiroshi Aota and Yoshiki Sasahara (Japan) over three days, summiting on December 3.<ref name="AAJ1987Cheney"/>
- 1986 1985 Catalan Route on East Face, solo by Todd Bibler, summit reached December 5.<ref name="AAJ1987Bibler"/>
- 2002 Three women (Leila Bahrami, Mitra Nazari, and Farhondeh) from an Iranian expedition reached the summit on October 20 via the southeast face to the east ridge. The Sherpas twice stopped opening the route to the team as they did not expect the women to manage the difficulties.<ref name="AAJ2002Hawley"/>
- 2017 First Winter Ascent of the peak was done for the first time by a Pakistani mountaineer Muhammad Ali Sadpara.
Ski attemptsEdit
- 1995 Jim Zellers and Tom Burt completed the first snowboard descent of Pumori.Template:Citation needed
- 2013 Seb de Sainte Marie and Paul Holding unsuccessfully attempted to climb and ski the West Face.<ref name=Holding2013/>
AccidentsEdit
- In late October 1988 two Icelandic climbers died on the mountain. They were found 30 years later, in November 2018 by an American mountaineer.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- In 1989 a team of four Spanish climbers were killed in an avalanche on Pumori, and again in September 2001 another Spanish team was killed in an avalanche.<ref name=ExpWeb2008/>
- On 19 October 2002, five Basque mountaineers were swept 600–800 metres down the southeast face by an avalanche caused by seracs falling above them.<ref name="AAJ2002Hawley"/>
- On 25 April 2015 a 7.8 MW earthquake struck Nepal and triggered several avalanches on and around Mount Everest, including one that hit Everest Base Camp. A witness described it as "a huge avalanche coming off Pumori".<ref name=NG2015/> The avalanche traveled through part of the Khumbu Icefall and into the South Base Camp.<ref name=WashPost2015/> At least 19 were killed.<ref name=DNAIndia2015/>
GalleryEdit
- Pumo Ri, Nepal.jpg
Pumori and Lingtren
- Pumori-fromKalaPattar2.jpg
Pumori from Kala Patthar
- Khangri Shar and Pumori.jpg
Khangri Shar (left) and Pumori