Pyeonghwa Motors

Template:Short description Template:More citations needed {{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template other Template:Main other{{#invoke:Check for clobbered parameters|check|nested=1|template=Infobox company|cat=Template:Main other|name; company_name|logo; company_logo|logo_alt; alt|trade_name; trading_name|former_names; former_name|type; company_type|predecessors; predecessor|successors; successor|foundation; founded|founders; founder|defunct; dissolved|hq_location; location|hq_location_city; location_city|hq_location_country; location_country|num_locations; locations|areas_served; area_served|net_income; profit|net_income_year; profit_year|owners; owner |homepage; website }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox company with unknown parameter "_VALUE_" | ignoreblank=y | alt | area_served | areas_served | assets | assets_year | aum | brands | company_logo | company_name | company_type | defunct | dissolved | divisions | embed | equity | equity_year | fate | footnotes | former_name | former_names | foundation | founded | founder | founders | genre | homepage | hq_location | hq_location_city | hq_location_country | incorporated | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_size | image_upright | income_year | industry | ISIN | key_people | location | location_city | location_country | locations | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_class | logo_size | logo_upright | members | members_year | module | name | native_name | native_name_lang | net_income | net_income_year | num_employees | num_employees_year | num_locations | num_locations_year | operating_income | owner | owners | parent | predecessor | predecessors | production | production_year | products | profit | profit_year | rating | ratio | revenue | revenue_year | romanized_name | services | subsid | successor | successors | traded_as | trade_name | trading_name | type | website| qid | fetchwikidata | suppressfields | noicon | nocat | demo | categories }}

Pyeonghwa Motors (Hangul : 평화자동차; Hancha : 平和自動車 – a Korean language word for "peace"),<ref name="CNK">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> also spelled Pyonghwa, is one of the two car manufacturers and dealers in the North Korean automotive industry, alongside Sungri Motor Plant. Until 2013, it was a joint venture in Nampo between Pyonghwa Motors of Seoul (South Korea), a company owned by Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church, and the North Korean Ryonbong General Corp. The joint venture produced small cars under licence from Fiat and Brilliance China Auto,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> a pickup truck and an SUV using complete knock down kits from Chinese manufacturer Dandong Shuguang, and a luxury car of SsangYong design.Template:Citation needed From 2013, the company has been fully owned by the North Korean state.<ref name="MASH">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Erik van Ingen Schenau, author of the book Automobiles Made in North Korea, has estimated the company's total production in 2005 at not more than around 400 units.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

HistoryEdit

Pyeonghwa Motors was officially founded by the Unification Church.<ref name="WSJ Nov 27">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The venture came during the period of the Sunshine Policy between North and South Korea, when sanctions on the country were not as tough.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The venture was announced in 2000.Template:Citation needed

In 2002, around $55 million was set aside to build the factory,<ref name="WSJ Nov 27"/><ref name="Yon Nov 28">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> with which the first production line in Nampo was completed and the first Hwiparam was produced.Template:Citation needed The Premio and Pronto were later introduced in 2004.

In 2009, PM earned about $700,000 from the sale of 650 cars, with $500,000 remitted to South Korea.<ref name="WSJ Nov 27"/><ref name="Yon Nov 28"/> Park Sang-Kwon, Pyeonghwa Motors president, started talks to end investment in 2012.<ref name="Yon Nov 28"/>

The Unification Church officially transferred all investment to Pyongyang in 2013.<ref name="MASH"?/>

ProductionEdit

Pyeonghwa has the exclusive rights to car production, purchase, and sale of used cars in North Korea. However, most North Koreans are unable to afford a car. Because of the very small market for cars in the country, Pyeonghwa's output is reportedly very low: in 2003, only 314 cars were produced even though the factory had the facilities to produce up to 10,000 cars a year.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Model listEdit

File:Pyeonghwa Pronto in Vietnam 2012.jpg

Pronto GS

Model	Production	Status	Body style	Country of production
Hwiparam	2002 to 2006	Mass production	Saloon	North Korea
Hwiparam II	since 2005	Import	Saloon	China
Hwiparam III	since 2011	Import	Saloon	China
Junma	2005 to 2006	Import	Saloon	North Korea
Paso 990	since 2011	Mass production	Minivan	Vietnam
Ppeokkugi	2003 to 2004	Mass production	Van	North Korea
Ppeokkugi II	since 2004	Mass production	SUV	North Korea
Ppeokkugi III	since 2004	Mass production	SUV and Pick-up	North Korea
Ppeokkugi 4WD-A	since 2009	Mass production	SUV	North Korea
Ppeokkugi 4WD-B	since 2009	Mass production	SUV	North Korea
Ppeokkugi 4WD-C	since 2009	Mass production	SUV and Pick-up	Vietnam
Premio DX	2004 to 2009	Mass production	SUV and Pick-up	Vietnam
Premio DX II	since 2009	Mass production	SUV and Pick-up	Vietnam
Premio MAX	since 2004	Mass production	SUV and Pick-up	Vietnam
Pronto DX	2004 to 2009	Mass production	SUV	Vietnam
Pronto GS	since 2009	Mass production	SUV	Vietnam
Samchunri	since 2005	Import	Mid-size van	China
Zunma	since 2008	Mass production	Saloon	North Korea
Zunma 1606	since 2013 (?)	Import	Saloon	China
Zunma 2008	since 2013 (?)	Import	Saloon	China

Hwiparam I, 2000, based on the Fiat Siena.<ref name="PMC">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Hwiparam II, 2007, based on the Brilliance Junjie/BS4/M2.<ref name="PMC"/>
Hwiparam III, 2010, based on the Brilliance FSV.<ref name="PMC"/>
Bbeokgugi (Peokkugi) 1, 2003, based on the Fiat Doblò.<ref name="PMC"/> Known to keep the Fiat vehicle badge.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Bbeokgugi (Peokkugi) 2, 2004, based on the Shuguang SUV 4x2.<ref name="PMC"/>
Bbeokgugi (Peokkugi) 3, 2004, based on the Shuguang Huanghai.<ref name="PMC"/>
Bbeokgugi (Peokkugi) 4, 2005, based on the Shuguang Dawn.<ref name="PMC"/>
Junma(Zunma), 2005, based on the SsangYong Chairman.<ref name="PMC"/>
Junma (Zunma 1606), 2013, based on the FAW-Volkswagen Sagitar.<ref name="PMC"/>
Junma (Zunma 2008), 2013, based on the FAW-Volkswagen Magotan<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Text on all sources online for the Zunma 2008 is wrong, the CC is not shown, instead the Chinese FAW-Volkswagen Magotan, can be compared with Magotan images online.</ref>

Samcheonri, 2005, based on the Jinbei Haise.<ref name="PMC"/>

Further models and partnershipsEdit

In summer 2006, the North Korean government magazine Foreign Trade, which advertises North Korean products, published a photograph of a new luxury car produced by Pyeonghwa, the Junma,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which appears to be a rebadged version of the South Korean SsangYong Chairman.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Junma bears a strong resemblance to SsangYong cars, specifically the Chairman, which are favored by North Korean government officials.<ref name="CNK"/> The Chairman is based on an old Mercedes E-Class design.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2006, Pyeonghwa reached an agreement with Chinese manufacturer Brilliance China Auto to assemble its Jinbei Haise vans, which are based on an old version of the Toyota HiAce.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2007, Pyeonghwa introduced Brilliance's Junjie car under the name Hwiparam II. The original Fiat-based Hwiparam has appeared on Pyeonghwa's web site.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2009, Pyeonghwa announced a profit on its North Korean operations.<ref>Pyeonghwa Sells in North Korea, Wall Street Journal, July 16, 2009</ref>

The Premio and Pronto are also sold in Vietnam by Mekong Auto.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Both are based on Huanghai vehicles. Mekong Auto has sold Fiat cars in Vietnam since 1995, and this relationship may have led to Pyeonghwa assembling Fiats in North Korea.Template:Citation needed

AdvertisingEdit

Pyeonghwa is currently the only company in North Korea to advertise. A series of billboards and TV commercials have been made in an effort to show residents that their country is able to produce products such as motor vehicles. The ads may be aimed primarily at expatriate businessmen in Pyongyang, but Car and Driver magazine suggests that they are actually propaganda aimed at the local population, to make them believe that their country is economically successful.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

Pyonghwa motors billboard.jpg

Pyonghwa Motors billboard showing the Hwiparam.
Pyonghwa Pyongyang.JPG

An advertising board of "Pyeonghwa Motors" in Pyongyang.