Incubator escapee wiki

Robert Curl

Article Discussion
(Redirected from R.F. Curl)

Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox scientist

Robert Floyd Curl Jr. (August 23, 1933 – July 3, 2022) was an American chemist who was Pitzer–Schlumberger Professor of Natural Sciences and professor of chemistry at Rice University.<ref name="RiceInfo">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1996 for the discovery of the nanomaterial buckminsterfullerene, and hence the fullerene class of materials, along with Richard Smalley (also of Rice University) and Harold Kroto of the University of Sussex.

Early life and educationEdit

Born in Alice, Texas, United States, Curl was the son of a Methodist minister.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Carey">Template:Cite book</ref> Due to his father's missionary work, his family moved several times within southern and southwestern Texas, and the elder Curl was involved in starting the San Antonio Medical Center's Methodist Hospital.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":4">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Curl attributes his interest in chemistry to a chemistry set he received as a nine-year-old, recalling that he ruined the finish on his mother's porcelain stove when nitric acid boiled over onto it.<ref name=":2" /> He is a graduate of Thomas Jefferson High School in San Antonio, Texas.<ref name=":3">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His high school offered only one year of chemistry instruction, but in his senior year his chemistry teacher gave him special projects to work on.<ref name=":4" />

Curl received a Bachelor of Arts in chemistry from Rice Institute (now Rice University) in 1954.<ref name=":0" /> He was attracted to the reputation of both the school's academics and football team, and the fact that at the time it charged no tuition.<ref name=":4" /> He earned his doctorate in chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1957.<ref name=":0">Robert F. Curl, Jr</ref> At Berkeley, he worked in the laboratory of Kenneth Pitzer, then dean of the college of chemistry, with whom he would become a lifelong collaborator. Curl's graduate research involved performing infrared spectroscopy to determine the bond angle of disiloxane.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" />

Scientific careerEdit

Curl was a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University with E. B. Wilson, where he used microwave spectroscopy to study the bond rotation barriers of molecules.<ref name=":4" /> After that, he joined the faculty of Rice University in 1958.<ref name=":1" /> He inherited the equipment and graduate students of George Bird, a professor who was leaving for a job at Polaroid.<ref name=":2" /> Curl's early research involved the microwave spectroscopy of chlorine dioxide.<ref name=":4" /> His research program included both experiment and theory, mainly focused on detection and analysis of free radicals using microwave spectroscopy and tunable lasers. He used these observations to develop the theory of their fine structure and hyperfine structure, as well as information about their structure and the kinetics of their reactions.<ref name=":5">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Nobel PrizeEdit

Curl's research at Rice involved the fields of infrared and microwave spectroscopy.<ref name=":1" /> Curl's research inspired Richard Smalley to come to Rice in 1976 with the intention of collaborating with Curl.<ref name=":6">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1985, Curl was contacted by Harold Kroto, who wanted to use a laser beam apparatus built by Smalley to simulate and study the formation of carbon chains in red giant stars. Smalley and Curl had previously used this apparatus to study semiconductors such as silicon and germanium.<ref name=":1" /> They were initially reluctant to interrupt their experiments on these semiconductor materials to use their apparatus for Kroto's experiments on carbon, but eventually gave in.<ref name=":6" />

They indeed found the long carbon chains they were looking for, but also found an unexpected product that had 60 carbon atoms.<ref name=":6" /> Over the course of 11 days, the team studied and determined its structure and named it buckminsterfullerene after noting its similarity to the geodesic domes for which the architect Buckminster Fuller was known.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> This discovery was based solely on the single prominent peak on the mass spectrograph, implying a chemically inert substance that was geometrically closed with no dangling bonds.<ref name=":7">Template:Cite journal</ref> Curl was responsible for determining the optimal conditions of the carbon vapor in the apparatus, and examining the spectrograph.<ref name=":1" /> Curl noted that James R. Heath and Sean C. O'Brien deserve equal recognition in the work to Smalley and Kroto.<ref name=":4" /> The existence of this type of molecule had earlier been theorized by others, but Curl and his colleagues were at the time unaware of this. Later experiments confirmed their proposed structure, and the team moved on to synthesize endohedral fullerenes that had a metal atom inside the hollow carbon shell.<ref name=":7" /><ref name="NobelBio">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="C60 publication">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Heath">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Zhang">Template:Cite journal</ref> The fullerenes, a class of molecules of which buckminsterfullerene was the first member discovered, are now considered to have potential applications in nanomaterials and molecular scale electronics.<ref name=":6" /> Robert Curl's 1985 paper entitled "C60: Buckminsterfullerine", published with colleagues H. Kroto, J. R. Heath, S. C. O’Brien, and R. E. Smalley, was honored by a Citation for Chemical Breakthrough Award from the Division of History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society, presented to Rice University in 2015.<ref name="Award"/><ref name="Breakthrough"/> The discovery of fullerenes was recognized in 2010 by the designation of a National Historic Chemical Landmark by the American Chemical Society at the Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology at Rice University in Houston, Texas.<ref name="ChemLandmark"/>

After winning the Nobel Prize in 1996, Curl took a quieter path than Smalley, who became an outspoken advocate of nanotechnology, and Kroto, who used his fame to further his interest in science education, saying, "After winning a Nobel, you can either become a scientific pontificator, or you can have some idea for a new science project and you can use your newfound notoriety to get the resources to do it. Or you can say, 'Well, I enjoy what I was doing, and I want to keep doing that.'"<ref name=":2" /> True to that humility, when asked by the President of Rice what he would like, following the Nobel announcement, he asked that a bike rack be installed closer to his office and laboratory.<ref name=NatureObit>Robert F. Curl (1933–2022), Nature, 17 Aug 2022</ref>

Later researchEdit

Curl's later research interests involved physical chemistry, developing DNA genotyping and sequencing instrumentation, and creating photoacoustic sensors for trace gases using quantum cascade lasers.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> He is known in the residential college life at Rice University for being the first master of Lovett College.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Curl retired in 2008 at the age of 74,<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> becoming a University Professor Emeritus, Pitzer-Schlumberger Professor of Natural Sciences Emeritus, and Professor of Chemistry Emeritus at Rice University.<ref name="RiceInfo"/><ref name=":5" />

Personal lifeEdit

Curl married Jonel Whipple in 1955, with whom he had two children. He cycled to his office and lab and every week played bridge with the Rice Bridge Brigade. Curl died in Houston on July 3, 2022, at the age of 88.<ref name=":8">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="WaPoObit">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="NYTObit">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=NatureObit/>

Awards and honorsEdit

Template:Div col

  • Clayton Prize, Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 1957<ref name="RiceNobel"/><ref name="Hargittai">Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Alexander von Humboldt Senior US Scientist Award, University of Bonn, Germany, 1984<ref name="RiceNobel"/><ref name="Hargittai"/>
  • Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, 1997<ref name="Unrau">Template:Cite journal</ref>
  • Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement, 1997<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1998<ref name="Lindau"/><ref name="AAAS">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • University of Bochum Research Prize, 2004<ref name="RiceNobel">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Citation for Chemical Breakthrough Award, Division of History of Chemistry, American Chemical Society, 2015<ref name="Award">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Breakthrough">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Fellow of the Optical Society of America<ref name="RiceNobel"/><ref name="Lindau"/>

Template:Div col end

Selected publicationsEdit

Template:Refbegin Journal articles:

Technical reports:

Template:Refend

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

External linksEdit

Template:Sister project

Template:Nobel Prize in Chemistry Laureates 1976-2000 Template:1996 Nobel Prize winners

Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "https://zalansite.site/mediawiki/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&oldid=16867"