Raijin
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Template:Nihongo, also known as Template:Nihongo, Template:Nihongo, Template:Nihongo, Template:Nihongo, and Kamowakeikazuchi-no-kami is a god of lightning, thunder, and storms in Japanese mythology and the Shinto and Buddhist religion.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He is typically depicted with fierce and aggressive facial expressions, standing atop a cloud, beating on den-den daiko drums with tomoe symbols drawn on them. Iconography of Raijin are often found in Japanese temples and shrines. He is usually depicted alongside his twin-brother, Fūjin, the god of wind, or with his son, Raitarō, a fellow thunder god like himself, or with his animal companion, a Raijū. Another fellow Shinto god (Kami) of storms is their brother, Susanoo-no-Mikoto.
EtymologyEdit
The name "Raijin" is derived from the Japanese words Template:Nihongo and Template:Nihongo.
DescriptionEdit
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Hanging scroll painting, 1834–1849
Raijin is often depicted with a fierce, frightening face and a muscular figure with gravity-defying hair. He is surrounded by Taiko drums that he plays to create the sound of thunder. Raijin holds large hammers in his hands that he uses to play the drums. In some cases, Raijin is portrayed with three fingers which are said to represent the past, present and future. Two of the most notable sculptures of Raijin are located in the Sanjusangendo temple and the Taiyuin Rinnoji temple.
Raijin and Fujin reside side by side in the Kaminarimon gate that guards the entrance to the Sanjusangendo temple. These sculptures are made of wood with lacquer, gold leaf and paint along with crystal, inlaid eyes. The Raijin and Fujin sculptures in Sanjusangendo are considered national treasures.
In the Taiyuin Rinnoji temple, Raijin and Fujin are located in the Niten-mon gate. They are made of wood with paint and are seen with their token talismans, Raijin's drums and Fujin's wind bag.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Raijin is also often seen in the company of his brother, Fujin, and his son, Raitaro.<ref name="Joly" /> He is often seen fighting with Fujin, mending his drums, or causing mischief. He is also shown in the company of Raiju, a thunder-beast or thunder demon which also acts as his totem animal and usually a dog or wolf.
MythologyEdit
BirthEdit
In the myths recorded in the Kojiki, after Izanami died from the wounds inflicted on her by the birthing of Hinokagutsutchi, her husband Izanagi followed her down into Yomi no Kuni, the land of darkness. When he asked her to come with him, Izanami responded that she cannot leave, because she had already eaten from the food there. As Izanagi followed her all the way to Yomi, to try to fulfill his wish that she go with him, Izanami returned to her palace to negotiate with the residing kami. Izanami was gone for several hours, which made Izanagi worried for her. Thus, after making fire on the tip of his comb, he entered the palace.
There, Izanagi found Izanami's corpse. On her body maggots gathered, and on her head arose Template:Nihongo, on her chest Template:Nihongo, in her stomach Template:Nihongo, on her vagina Template:Nihongo, in her left hand Template:Nihongo, in her right hand Template:Nihongo, on her left leg Template:Nihongo and on her right leg Template:Nihongo; collectively called Template:Nihongo.
Upon seeing Izanami's twisted body, Izanagi fled from Yomi, shaken and in terror. In shame of allowing him to see her unsightly form, Izanami sent Raijin and several female demons to chase after Izanagi, after he fled the image of her rotting form, to bring him back to Yomi.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Capture of RaijinEdit
Another story describes Raijin as a mischief-maker, causing the destruction leading the Emperor to order Sugaru (the God Catcher) to imprison Raijin and deliver him to the in order to stop a storm. Sugaru first petitioned Raijin in the name of the emperor to give himself over willingly and cease the storm, to which Raijin laughs at Sugaru. Sugaru then prays to Kannon, Kannon ordered Raijin to let Sugaru, then she later delivered Raijin to him. Sugaru then tied him up in a sack and took him to the Emperor. Under the control of Sugaru and the emperor, Raijin was forced to stop his destruction and bring only rain and bounty to Japan.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Joly" />
Defending JapanEdit
In one legend, Raijin is shown to defend Japan against the invading Mongols. In this legend, the Mongols are driven off by a vicious storm in which Raijin is in the clouds throwing lightning and arrows at the invaders.<ref name="Joly">Template:Cite book</ref>
GenealogyEdit
Edo period, circa 1700. Based on an original by Tawaraya Sōtatsu.
Raijin has many siblings, most notably, Fujin (the god of wind), Kagutsuchi (the god of fire), Susanoo (the god of the sea and storms), Tsukuyomi (god of the moon), and Amaterasu (the goddess of the sun). Raijin also has a son named Raitaro.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
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Modern roleEdit
Some Japanese parents tell their children to hide their belly buttons during thunderstorms so that Raijin does not take them away and eat them.
Raijin also appears in the kabuki play Narukami, in which he is imprisoned under a pool of water, thus causing a drought.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
GalleryEdit
- Tawaraya Sōtatsu - God of Thunder (Raijin) - 2004.86 - Cleveland Museum of Art.tif
Folding screen depicting Raijin alone, by Tawaraya Sōtatsu (1570–1640).
- Wind God and Thunder God Screens by Tawaraya Sotatsu hi-res.png
Folding screen depicting Raijin (left) and Fūjin (right), by Tawaraya Sōtatsu.
- Raijin netsuke - Masatsugu Kaigyokusai.jpg
Netsuke depicting Raijin, by Kaigyokusai Masatsugu (1813-1892)
- Raiden and Son, okimono by Kogetsu, Japan, 1868-1912 AD, boxwood - Spurlock Museum, UIUC - DSC06037.jpg
Okimono depicting Raijin and son. Meiji period, 1868-1912.
- Khalili Collection Japanese Meiji Art S052 CROP.jpg
Raijin with drums on an earthenware vase. Meiji period, 19th century.
- Japanese Fireman's Coat And Raijin Design, 19th century (Back).jpg
Japanese fireman's coat depicting Raijin on the back. 19th century.
- Masaharu - Kashira with Raijin, God of Thunder - Walters 511019 - Top.jpg
Sword pommel depicting Raijin. Edo period, 1800-1500.
- Raijin, the God of Thunder, frightens the Russians out of Tokuriji (near Nanshan) LCCN2009630471.jpg
Raijin frightens the Russians out of Tokuriji, during the Battle of Nanshan. Propagandistic print by Kobayashi Kiyochika, 1904.
See alsoEdit
- Dian Mu (Chinese), goddess of lightning
- Izanagi (Japanese), one of the divine pair of creation deities
- Izanami (Japanese), one of the divine pair of creation deities
- Lei Gong (Chinese), god of thunder
- Parjanya (Hindu), god of rain, thunder and lightning
- Sanjūsangen-dō (Japanese temple)
- Tachibana Dōsetsu
- Kintarō
ReferencesEdit
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External linksEdit
- Netsuke: masterpieces from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains many representations of Raijin